Abstract：
:Ghrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide hormone, first described in 1999 and broadly expressed in the organism. As the only known orexigenic hormone secreted in the periphery, it increases hunger and appetite, promoting food intake. Ghrelin has also been shown to be involved in various physiological processes being regulated in the central nervous system such as sleep, mood, memory and reward. Accordingly, it has been implicated in a series of psychiatric disorders, making it subject of increasing investigation, with knowledge rapidly accumulating. This review aims at providing a concise yet comprehensive overview of the role of ghrelin in psychiatric disorders. Ghrelin was consistently shown to exert neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects and alleviated psychopathology in animal models of dementia. Few human studies show a disruption of the ghrelin system in dementia. It was also shown to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of addictive disorders, promoting drug reward, enhancing drug seeking behavior and increasing craving in both animals and humans. Ghrelin's exact role in depression and anxiety is still being debated, as it was shown to both promote and alleviate depressive and anxiety-behavior in animal studies, with an overweight of evidence suggesting antidepressant effects. Not surprisingly, the ghrelin system is also implicated in eating disorders, however its exact role remains to be elucidated. Its widespread involvement has made the ghrelin system a promising target for future therapies, with encouraging findings in recent literature.
journal_name
Psychoneuroendocrinologyjournal_title
Psychoneuroendocrinologyauthors
Wittekind DA,Kluge Mdoi
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.11.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-02-01 00:00:00pages
176-94eissn
0306-4530issn
1873-3360pii
S0306-4530(14)00425-9journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:The S'/S' (S/S, S/Lg and Lg/Lg) variant of the serotonin (5-HT) transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) is associated with less efficient neurotransmission and may be more reactive to 5-HT manipulations. We tested the effects of l-tryptophan supplements on the cortisol response induced by a soci...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.05.016
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study investigated the associations between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T(4)) and cognitive ability (general ability, memory and processing speed), in a large age homogenous sample (n=659) of generally healthy euthyroid older adults. Associations were considered both at baseline (mea...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.07.018
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional genomics strategies have been slow to penetrate research on human stress and coping, but recent conceptual advances have yielded a raft of new findings relating social and psychological conditions to broad alterations in human gene expression. This article reviews the field of human stress genomics, analyze...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.06.008
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a chronic condition and individuals are exposed to elevated androgen levels in utero as a result of the endogenous cortisol deficiency. Prenatal androgen exposure has been suggested to influence mental health, but population based studies on psychiatric morbidity among girls and...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.06.017
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Research suggests that it may be more stressful for children to grow up in an urban area than in a rural area. Urbanicity may affect physiological stress system functioning as well as the timing of sexual maturation. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether moderate urbanicity (current and...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.039
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pre-clinical and clinical evidence indicates that opioid drugs have stress-dampening effects. In animal models, opioid analgesics attenuate responses to isolation distress, and in humans, opioids reduce stress related to anticipation of physical pain. The stress-reducing effects of opioid drugs may contribute to their...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.12.004
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Temporal examinations of the biological signature of stress or trauma in war-affected populations are seldom undertaken. Moreover, few studies have examined whether stress biomarkers track biological sensitivity to brief interventions targeting the improvement of psychosocial wellbeing. Our study is the first to prosp...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.12.012
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental enrichment (EE) mimics positive life experiences by providing enhanced social and physical stimulation. Placement into EE following weaning, or in later life, confers beneficial outcomes on both emotional and cognitive processes. However, anxiety-like behavior is also reported, particularly in rats expos...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.10.021
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Free-running blood corticosterone rhythms were examined between the 4th and 9th postnatal week in blinded rat pups optically enucleated on day 1. The pups were born of mother rats having a free-running rhythm under constant illumination conditions and then were put under two separate illumination conditions (light - d...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4530(83)90060-4
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:During pregnancy, maternal stressors cause changes in both maternal and fetal HPA axes. We therefore investigated the impact of maternal non chronic and chronic stress on fetal glucose metabolism and growth, and serum levels of cortisol in the fetus. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Normal weight pregnant women (n =...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104591
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on a large population of 1113 men aged 30-60 at baseline (mean: 44.1 years, standard deviation: 10.5), we investigated whether intra-individual changes in testosterone (T) and related reproductive hormones during a ten year period were dependent of marital status at baseline and follow-up. The studied men were p...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.03.010
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression is a common problem in multiple sclerosis (MS) and affects about 50% of MS patients. Since a dysregulation of cytokine levels has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MS and alterations in cytokine serum levels have been found in depressive illness, we examined the relationship between depressive symptoms...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4530(01)00068-3
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex differences in behavior are widespread and often caused by hormonal differences between the sexes. In addition to hormones, the composition and numbers of the sex chromosomes also affect a variety of sex differences. In humans, X-chromosome genes are implicated in neurobehavioral disorders (i.e. fragile-X, autism)...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.10.010
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The potential role of estrogen in protecting women from cognitive decline and reducing depressive symptoms is of great therapeutic interest. In a pilot randomised placebo controlled cross-over study, we aimed to determine the short-term effects of transdermal estradiol therapy on cognition and depressive symptoms in h...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.08.007
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Elevated physical activity is commonly observed among patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and can manifest in several forms. While elevated physical activity may play a key role in the pathophysiology of this disorder, much remains unknown about it, including the relationship among its various manifestations, and thei...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.03.007
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The gut microbiota produces metabolites that are an integral part of the metabolome and, as such, of the host physiology. Changes in gut microbiota metabolism could therefore contribute to pathophysiological processes. We showed previously that a chronic and moderate overproduction of indole from tr...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104750
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Use or abuse of licit and illicit substances is often associated with environmental stress. Current clinical evidence clearly demonstrates neurobehavioral, somatic growth and developmental deficits in children born to drug-using mothers. However, the effects of environmental stress and its interaction with prenatal dr...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0306-4530(01)00046-4
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sex differences in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are well established in adulthood, but little is known about when and why they emerge. Here, we tested longitudinal models of CRP levels from ages 9 to 21, when marked physical and behavioral changes could contribute to growing sex disparities in CRP. ME...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.04.010
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The peptide hormone oxytocin (OT) plays an important role in social behaviors, including social bond formation. In different contexts, however, OT is also associated with aggression, social selectivity, and reduced affiliation. Female meadow voles form social preferences for familiar same-sex peers under short, winter...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.025
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity is thought to be an important factor in pathogenesis of depression. In animals, stress or glucocorticoids given in prenatal period lead to long-lasting behavioral and neuroendocrine changes similar to those observed in depressed patients. However, mol...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.12.012
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the menopause transition, women are at increased risk of subjective symptoms of executive dysfunction. Evidence from animal and human participant studies suggests adverse childhood experiences (ACE) may be a risk factor for executive complaints during this hormonal transition. Preclinical literature indicates e...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.239
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Depressive patients often have altered cortisol secretion, but few studies have investigated genetic variants in relation to both cortisol secretion and depression. To identify genes related to both these conditions, we: (1) tested the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in hypothalamic-pit...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.01.003
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contagious stress describes the transmission of a stress response from a distressed individual (target) to an uninvolved observer. Building on social identity theory, we hypothesize that a shared social identity between the observer and the target as compared to a personal identity increases the likelihood of contagio...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104896
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Healthy sleep facilitates the consolidation of newly acquired memories. Although patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often complain of sleep disturbances and memory deficits, the interrelatedness of these symptoms is not well understood. Sleep may be disturbed in PTSD by increased awakenings d...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.03.009
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogen secretion in young women follows a cyclic pattern characterized by a pronounced surge in estrogen around ovulation. The way in which this estrogen peak affects cognitive functioning is unclear. Short-term estrogen treatment for a few days mimicking normal pre-menopausal estrogen dynamics substantially enhance...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.05.007
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological data show a significant association between childhood atopic eczema (AE) and an increased risk to develop attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the underlying mechanisms of the comorbidity of AE and ADHD are mostly unknown. We investigated whether alterations of hypothalamus-pituita...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.005
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prolactin (PRL) and cortisol responses to oral D-fenfluramine (30 mg) and placebo were measured in seven healthy subjects (two women and five men) in the morning and in the afternoon. As compared to placebo, D-fenfluramine significantly increased plasma PRL levels in both the morning and the afternoon, with no sig...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0306-4530(96)00041-8
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this research was study the role of psychosocial factors in exacerbations of asthma in adults induced by upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). It involved a longitudinal study (one year) of 92 adults with asthma. The volunteers were 27 men and 65 women 19-46 years of age with a mean duration of wheeze...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00063-9
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The differential exposure to circulating steroid hormones during brain development can have lasting consequences on brain function and behavior; therefore, the tight control of steroid hormone action within the developing brain is necessary for the expression of appropriate sex-typical behavior patterns later in life....
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.05.012
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deficient facial emotion recognition has been suggested to underlie aggression in individuals with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). As the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has been shown to improve facial emotion recognition, it might also exert beneficial effects in individuals providing so much harm to the society....
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.483
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
