Abstract:
:Simple enzymatic assays to detect heat-labile enterotoxins whose modes of action are similar to that of cholera toxin were evaluated. The assays are performed by using an artificial substrate, diethylamino benzylidine-aminoguanidine, which is an ADP-ribose acceptor. The product, formed in the presence of NAD+, can be quantitated by spectrofluorometric, spectrophotometric, or high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods. As little as 25 ng (spectrofluorometry) or 125 ng (spectrophotometry or HPLC) of cholera toxin can be detected in an assay volume of 250 microliters. The detection limit for heat-labile enterotoxin by either the spectrophotometric or HPLC methods was 125 ng/250 microliters. Because the results are quantitative, the enzymatic methods can be used for medium development, determination of factors that influence toxin production, and other applications that heretofore could be accomplished only with difficulty. The enzymatic methods add a new dimension to the assay of toxins that ribosylate arginine residues of proteins. Sensitivities of the assays might be improved by developing better synthetic substrates, and applications could be broadened by the development of artificial substrates containing other functional groups.
journal_name
J Clin Microbioljournal_title
Journal of clinical microbiologyauthors
Narayanan J,Hartman PA,Graves DJdoi
10.1128/JCM.27.11.2414-2419.1989subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-11-01 00:00:00pages
2414-9issue
11eissn
0095-1137issn
1098-660Xjournal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The correlation of β-glucan (BG) levels with clinical outcomes in invasive candidiasis (IC) remains unknown. Patients with proven IC were followed prospectively from diagnosis to outcome with twice-weekly serum BG sampling. Correlation of BG with clinical outcome was assessed in each patient. BG levels tend to decreas...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.00773-12
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The zygomycetous mold Cokeromyces recurvatus was isolated from the pleural and peritoneal fluids of a 64-year-old man with a history of peptic ulcer disease and alcohol abuse. The patient presented to the hospital with severe abdominal pain and a ruptured duodenal ulcer. This is one of the few times that C.recurvatus ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.34.10.2601-2603.1996
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the SIGNAL (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, United Kingdom) blood culture system, gas produced by bacterial metabolism displaces medium from the culture bottle into an upper reservoir via a hollow needle. Displacement of media may provide a visual indication of the presence of both aerobic and anaerobic organisms in a sin...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.25.11.2098-2101.1987
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of pseudobacteremia due to Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci [GAS]) and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was traced to the venting procedure for aerobic bottles prior to their loading into the incubator of the BacT/Alert analyzer (Organon Teknika). Bacteria shed by a laborato...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.39.1.392-393.2001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) in pigs and pork. The genotypic relatedness of isolates on the farm, at slaughter, and at the retail level was assessed. Paired nasal and perianal swab sa...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.01971-12
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the validity of cultures of fluid collected through drainage catheters, we reviewed retrospectively fluid specimens that had been collected through catheters in place for at least 2 days. These specimens were taken from patients at a large tertiary-care hospital. A total of 974 specimens representing 620 pa...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.39.1.66-68.2001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial contamination frequently interferes with successful recovery of the Lyme spirochete from cultures of tissue from Borrelia burgdorferi-infected humans, rodents, or ticks. We used 0.20- and 0.45-microns-pore-size syringe-tip filters to recover spirochetes from cultures contaminated with other bacteria. Low con...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.31.7.1896-1898.1993
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Vitek MS v2.0 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system accurately distinguished Streptococcus pneumoniae from nonpneumococcal S. mitis group species. Only 1 of 116 nonpneumococcal isolates (<1%) was misidentified as S. pneumoniae. None of 95 pneumococcal isolates was misi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.00824-13
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developing interpretive breakpoints for any given organism-drug combination requires integration of the MIC distribution, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, and the relationship between the in vitro activity and outcome from both in vivo and clinical studies. Using data generated by standardized broth mic...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1128/JCM.44.3.819-826.2006
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A direct comparison of two automated blood culture systems was conducted to compare their ability to detect Candida growth. The systems evaluated were the BACTEC 9240 (Bactec) and BacT/ALERT 3D (BacT). The aerobic, anaerobic, and mycology media for each system were evaluated: Bactec Plus Aerobic/F, Plus Anaerobic/F, a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jcm.42.1.115-118.2004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eleven reference and 25 clinical isolates of Fusarium were subject to multilocus DNA sequence analysis to determine the species and haplotypes of the fusarial isolates from Beijing and Shandong, China. Seven loci were analyzed: the translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene (EF-1α); the nuclear rRNA internal transcrib...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.02415-10
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The detection of class A serine-carbapenemases among species of Enterobacteriaceae remains a challenging issue. Methods of identification for routine use in clinical microbiology laboratories have not been standardized to date. We developed a novel screening methodology suitable for countries with high basal levels of...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.00130-09
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diarrheal diseases are highly prevalent in Bangladesh. However, the relative contribution of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli organisms--those that are enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enteroinvasive, enterohemorrhagic, enteroaggregative, and diffuse adherent--to diarrhea in Bangladeshi populations is no...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.33.4.973-977.1995
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although two phenotypes of the opportunistic pathogen Propionibacterium acnes (types I and II) have been described, epidemiological investigations of their roles in different infections have not been widely reported. Using immunofluorescence microscopy with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) QUBPa1 and QUBPa2, specific for ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.43.1.326-334.2005
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus are closely related pathogenic organisms that are difficult to differentiate phenotypically or genotypically. It is well known that vegetative and spore forms of bacilli are quite distinct both morphologically and chemically, but spore-specific chemical markers allowing these spe...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.31.4.887-894.1993
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Testing for susceptibility to pyrazinamide (PZA) and analysis of the pncA gene sequences of 423 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates have revealed a unique silent nucleotide substitution that enables the rapid identification of "M. canettii" (proposed name). Moreover, the lack of a defined mutation within the p...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.01454-06
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classical microbiological diagnosis of human brucellosis is time-consuming, hazardous, and subject to variable interpretation. Intact-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was evaluated for the routine identification of Brucella spp. Analysis of mass peak patt...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.01720-13
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of XbaI-digested chromosomal DNA was performed on 133 strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi obtained from Papua New Guinea, with the objective of assessing the temporal variation of these strains. Fifty-two strains that were isolated in 1992 and 1994 were of one phage typ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jcm.40.11.4156-4160.2002
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple method of storage and retrieval of serum samples for adenovirus serology is described. Complement-fixing antibodies remained stable for at least 5 years when stored at -10 degrees C or below. ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced which were specific for Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The MAbs also reacted with LPS present in a partially purified antigen derived from a saline extract of the organism. The epitope to which the MAbs were directed was a carbohydrate whi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.26.5.885-889.1988
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) remains a common cause of morbidity, with three-quarters of women affected during their lifetimes. Use of antibiotics is an acknowledged trigger for VVC, which adversely affects women's physical and emotional health. Knowledge of patterns of genital Candida species-level identification i...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.00218-06
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CLSI (formerly NCCLS) M38-A document for antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi does not describe guidelines for echinocandins. A multicenter study (eight centers) evaluated inter- and intralaboratory reproducibilities of two reading times (24 and 48 h or 48 and 72 h) and two end points (MICs and m...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1128/JCM.00399-07
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to cytomegalovirus-induced late antigens by an indirect immunofluorescence assay was improved by the use of monoclonal antibodies to human IgM. Nonspecific background fluorescence was absent, facilitating the reading of the slides and the detection of a specific fluor...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.24.1.166-168.1986
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central nervous system cysticercosis is common in countries where Taenia solium occurs in pigs and the level of hygiene and sanitation is low. The clinical presentation may include epileptic seizures, focal neurological deficits, hydrocephalus, or aseptic meningitis. The disease is frequently seen in California reside...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.20.4.775-779.1984
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A premarket trial of the Becton Dickinson Directigen respiratory syncytial virus membrane-based enzyme immunoassay compared the test with virus isolation for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in 583 nasopharyngeal aspirates. After modification, the Directigen test showed a sensitivity of 83% and a specifici...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.28.6.1458-1459.1990
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to dengue virus is described. This method correlates well with a hemagglutination inhibition technique. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can also be specific for human immunoglobulin M antibodies when a mu-chain-specific antiglobulin-enzyme conj...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accuracy of Vitek MS mass spectrometric identifications was assessed for 206 clinically significant isolates of aerobic Gram-positive bacilli representing 20 genera and 38 species. The Vitek MS identifications were correct for 85% of the isolates (56.3% to the species level, 28.6% limited to the genus level), with...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.03483-13
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a multiplex PCR assay to identify and discriminate between isolates of Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari, and Campylobacter upsaliensis. The C. jejuni isolate F38011 lpxA gene, encoding a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase, was identified by sequence analysis of an expressio...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.42.12.5549-5557.2004
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::D-Arabinitol (DA) is a useful diagnostic marker for candidiasis in patients with neutropenia and other high-risk groups, but its use in unselected patients with a broad range of underlying diseases and conditions has not been studied. We used an automated enzymatic fluorometric assay to measure serum DA/creatinine rat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.01045-06
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gram-negative bacillus, SMC-8986(T), which was isolated from the purulent exudate of an epidermal cyst but could not be identified by a conventional microbiologic method, was characterized by a variety of phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that this bacterium belongs to the ge...
journal_title:Journal of clinical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JCM.43.5.2516-2519.2005
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00