Evidence of sample use among new users of statins: implications for pharmacoepidemiology.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Epidemiologic studies of prescription medications increasingly rely on large administrative health care databases. These data do not capture patients' use of medication samples. This could potentially bias studies of short-term effects where date of initiation may be inaccurate. OBJECTIVES:To assess the extent of sample use among patients initiating statin therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN:Retrospective cohort of patients who filled a first prescription for a statin after at least 6 months of statin-free period in 2007-2010. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values obtained within the 15 days preceding the first prescription were analyzed using a 2-component Gaussian mixture model to look for evidence of prior treatment. SUBJECTS:A total of 26,033 statin initiators with at least 1 LDL laboratory result within the 15 days preceding the prescription fill. MEASURES:Estimators for the proportion of patients filling a new prescription already on treatment. RESULTS:Among 9256 patients filling a branded statin, LDL distribution was bimodal, consisting of 2 Gaussian distributions: one, which made up 13.4% of the total population, had much lower LDL values (mean=71.8 mg/dL) compared with the second (mean=148.0 mg/dL), suggesting drug use before first dispensed prescription. Among 16,777 patients filling a generic statin, LDL levels were substantially higher with no evidence of bimodality that would suggest prior sample use. CONCLUSIONS:These results provide indirect evidence that the initial period of branded medication use may often be missed when using pharmacy claims data to define drug initiation. Further research is needed to examine approaches to better identify incident medication use when assessing short-term effects.

journal_name

Med Care

journal_title

Medical care

authors

Li X,Stürmer T,Brookhart MA

doi

10.1097/MLR.0000000000000174

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-09-01 00:00:00

pages

773-80

issue

9

eissn

0025-7079

issn

1537-1948

journal_volume

52

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Family structure and children's use of ambulatory physician services.

    abstract::The purpose of this article is to examine children's use of ambulatory physician services in relation to three dimensions of family life: maternal employment, single-parent versus two-parent households, and the presence of a nuclear or extended family. Data from the National Medical Care Expenditure Survey show that m...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00005650-198504000-00007

    authors: Cafferata GL,Kasper JD

    更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00

  • Changes in usual source of care and perceptions of health care access, quality, and use.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:We sought to evaluate the extent of changes in usual source of care and associations with perceived health care access, quality, and use. RESEARCH DESIGN:We collected cross-sectional data on adults from the 1998 to 1999 Community Tracking Household Survey (n = 48,720). Linear and logistic regressions account...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00005650-200410000-00006

    authors: Smith MA,Bartell JM

    更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00

  • Impact of changes in clinical practice guidelines on assessment of quality of care.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Measures for pay-for-performance and public reporting programs may be based on clinical practice guidelines. The impact of guideline changes over time-and whether evolving clinical evidence can render measures based on prior guidelines misleading-is not known. OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of using differe...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181e35b3a

    authors: Lin GA,Redberg RF,Anderson HV,Shaw RE,Milford-Beland S,Peterson ED,Rao SV,Werner RM,Dudley RA

    更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00

  • Access to inpatient or residential substance abuse treatment among homeless adults with alcohol or other drug use disorders.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:We conducted a theoretically guided study of access to inpatient or residential treatment among a probability sample of homeless adults with alcohol or drug use disorders in Houston, Texas. METHODS:This study used a cross-sectional, retrospective design with data collected from a multistage random sample of...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00005650-200111000-00003

    authors: Wenzel SL,Audrey Burnam M,Koegel P,Morton SC,Miu A,Jinnett KJ,Greer Sullivan J

    更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00

  • Assessing Residual Bias in Estimating Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness: Comparison of High-dose Versus Standard-dose Vaccines.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness using an unvaccinated comparison group may result in biased effect estimates. OBJECTIVES:To explore the reduction of confounding bias in an active comparison of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccines, as compared with vaccinated versus unvaccinated compa...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000001018

    authors: Butler AM,Layton JB,Krueger WS,Kshirsagar AV,McGrath LJ

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Health care utilization and costs in a Medicare population by fall status.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The economic impact of trauma in older persons is a matter of increasing concern to public health practitioners and planners, yet it is an issue that has not been widely studied. Available evidence does suggest, however, that falls are the costliest category of injury among older persons. METHODS:This study...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00005650-199808000-00006

    authors: Rizzo JA,Friedkin R,Williams CS,Nabors J,Acampora D,Tinetti ME

    更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00

  • Urban parents' knowledge and practices regarding managed care.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Managed care is the dominant form of health insurance in the United States, covering millions of children. Little is known about whether inner-city parents adequately understand managed care's complex definitions and rules. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to examine managed care knowledge and prac...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000118708.21532.de

    authors: Flores G,Abreu M,Sun D,Tomany SC

    更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00

  • Self-care and the doctor-patient relationship.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:An important factor contributing to the steep rise in health care costs in the late 1960s was a reversal from the predominance of acute illness to that of chronic disease. Beginning with the philosophy of Illich and Levin, and the practical instruments of Fries, Sehnert, Vickery, and Ferguson, a new movement...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/00005650-200204001-00007

    authors: Shoor S,Lorig KR

    更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00

  • When courts review medical appropriateness.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The authors examined how the courts have responded to public and private insurers' use of medical appropriateness criteria to establish coverage and payment policies. METHODS:A structured review of all federal and state court health insurance cases decided between 1960 and June 1994 that involved a dispute ...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/00005650-199808000-00016

    authors: Anderson G,Hall MA,Smith TR

    更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00

  • Barriers to health care among people with disabilities who are members of underserved racial/ethnic groups: a scoping review of the literature.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Understanding barriers to health care access experienced by people with disabilities who are members of underserved racial/ethnic groups is key to developing interventions to improve access. OBJECTIVE:To conduct a scoping review of the literature to examine the published literature on barriers to health car...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000195

    authors: Peterson-Besse JJ,Walsh ES,Horner-Johnson W,Goode TD,Wheeler B

    更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00

  • Lifetime earnings for physicians across specialties.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Earlier studies estimated annual income differences across specialties, but lifetime income may be more relevant given physicians' long-term commitments to specialties. METHODS:Annual income and work hours data were collected from 6381 physicians in the nationally representative 2004-2005 Community Tracking...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e318268ac0c

    authors: Leigh JP,Tancredi D,Jerant A,Romano PS,Kravitz RL

    更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00

  • Inpatient rehabilitation after stroke: a comparison of lengths of stay and outcomes in the Veterans Affairs and non-Veterans Affairs health care system.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients have longer lengths of hospital stay (LOS) in VA medical centers than in the general health care system. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to determine whether resource use and outcome differences between VA and non-VA inpatient rehabilitation facilities remain after controlling for patient...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00005650-200102000-00003

    authors: Stineman MG,Ross RN,Hamilton BB,Maislin G,Bates B,Granger CV,Asch DA

    更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00

  • A longitudinal analysis of patient satisfaction and subsequent quality of life in Hong Kong Chinese breast and nasopharyngeal cancer patients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:We evaluated the longitudinal course of the relationship between patient satisfaction and quality of life (QoL) in Chinese breast and nasopharyngeal cancer patients. METHODS:A sample of Chinese breast (n = 250) and nasopharyngeal (n = 242) cancer patients were assessed during their first outpatient visit (b...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181a393cf

    authors: Wong WS,Fielding R

    更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00

  • Reliability of clinical guideline development using mail-only versus in-person expert panels.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical practice guidelines quickly become outdated. One reason they might not be updated as often as needed is the expense of collecting expert judgment regarding the evidence. The RAND-UCLA Appropriateness Method is one commonly used method for collecting expert opinion. We tested whether a less expensive...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.MLR.0000100583.76137.3E

    authors: Washington DL,Bernstein SJ,Kahan JP,Leape LL,Kamberg CJ,Shekelle PG

    更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00

  • Potential safety gaps in order entry and automated drug alerts: a nationwide survey of VA physician self-reported practices with computerized order entry.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Understanding provider perceptions of and experiences with order entry and order checks (drug alerts) in an electronic prescribing system may help improve medication safety technology. DESIGN:Cross-sectional, national survey of Veterans Administration physicians practicing in various specialties. MEASUREMEN...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e318222a6f5

    authors: Spina JR,Glassman PA,Simon B,Lanto A,Lee M,Cunningham F,Good CB

    更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00

  • Diagnostic tests and neurology care for Medicare beneficiaries with seizures: differences across racial groups.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Seizures and epilepsy are common in older adults especially in some minorities. Despite the importance of medical care to maximize seizure control, little is known about its quality across racial groups. One indicator of quality care is the receipt of electroencephalograms (EEG), and magnetic resonance imagi...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e31824ebdc4

    authors: Pisu M,Richman JS,Martin RC,Kim Y,Kratt P,Clements K,Funkhouser E,Knowlton R,Faught E

    更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00

  • Validation of Algorithms to Identify Invasive Electrophysiology Procedures Using Administrative Data in Ontario, Canada.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Administrative database research can provide insight into the real-world effectiveness of invasive electrophysiology procedures. However, no validated algorithm to identify these procedures within administrative data currently exists. OBJECTIVE:To develop and validate algorithms to identify atrial fibrillat...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000274

    authors: Singh SM,Webster L,Calzavara A,Wijeysundera HC

    更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00

  • Attitudes toward self-care: a consumer study.

    abstract::Although self-care is emerging as a growing movement wherein lay persons are assuming more responsibility for prvention, detection and treatment of health problems, we have almost no basic descriptive studies of attitudes toward self-care of professionals and consumers. The present study explored the reliability and v...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1097/00005650-198008000-00009

    authors: Green KE,Moore SH

    更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00

  • The influence of proxy perspective on patient-proxy agreement in the evaluation of health-related quality of life: an empirical study.

    abstract:AIMS:There are situations in which patient self-reported health-related quality of life must be substituted by proxy assessments. Pickard and Knight recently delineated 2 proxy perspectives that may influence the nature of proxy measurements: the "proxy-patient" (the proxy's assessment from the patient's perspective) a...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e318158af13

    authors: Gundy CM,Aaronson NK

    更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00

  • Getting care to nursing-home patients: a problem and a proposal.

    abstract::Data abstracted from transportation company records showed that nursing home patients made an average of 3.6 trips per year for care out of the nursing home. The bulk of this care (55 per cent) was provided at University Hospital with over a quarter provided at private physicians' offices and community health centers....

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00005650-197702000-00006

    authors: Kane RL,Hammer D,Byrnes N

    更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00

  • The measurement of expenditures for outpatient physician and dental services: methodological findings from the health insurance study.

    abstract::Survey data measuring outpatient health expenditure are evaluated for item nonresponse, measurement error, and bias. Item nonresponse is high for persons whose health care is financed through the public sector, but is otherwise manageable. Estimates of mean total and out-of-pocket physician and dental expenditure from...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00005650-197611000-00002

    authors: Marquis KH,Marquis MS,Newhouse JP

    更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00

  • Gender differences in practice style: a Dutch study of general practitioners.

    abstract::The differences between female and male general practitioners (GPs) were studied regarding three different factors: 1) Do female GPs see more female patients than their male colleagues in the same practice?; 2) Are female GPs confronted with different types of health problems from their male colleagues?; and 3) Do fem...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00005650-199303000-00004

    authors: Bensing JM,van den Brink-Muinen A,de Bakker DH

    更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00

  • "Counterintuitive" preferences in health-related quality-of-life measurement.

    abstract::The published preferences for scale steps in a health-related quality-of-life scale have been noted to be contrary to some prior assumptions about their rank ordering. The differences noted are actually statistically nonsignificant, and the observed ordering has a clear intuitive explanation. Several alternative expla...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00005650-198205000-00008

    authors: Bush JW,Anderson JP,Kaplan RM,Blischke WR

    更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00

  • Validity of the AHRQ patient safety indicator for postoperative physiologic and metabolic derangement based on a national sample of medical records.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Patient Safety Indicator (PSI) 10, "Postoperative Physiologic and Metabolic Derangement" (PPMD), uses administrative data to detect postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis and diabetes-related complications. We sought to evaluate the indicator'...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e31829c8b91

    authors: Zrelak PA,Romano PS,Tancredi DJ,Geppert JJ,Utter GH

    更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00

  • Self-reported health status of the general adult U.S. population as assessed by the EQ-5D and Health Utilities Index.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to describe the self-reported health status of the general adult U.S. population using 3 multi-attribute preference-based measures: the EQ-5D, Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2), and Mark 3 (HUI3). METHODS:We surveyed the general adult U.S. population using a probability sample with oversa...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000182493.57090.c1

    authors: Luo N,Johnson JA,Shaw JW,Feeny D,Coons SJ

    更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00

  • Quality-adjusted Life Years (QALY) for 15 Chronic Conditions and Combinations of Conditions Among US Adults Aged 65 and Older.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the life expectancy for the US population has increased, a high proportion of this population has lived with ≥1 chronic conditions. We have quantified the burden of disease associated with 15 chronic conditions and combinations of conditions by estimating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for olde...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000943

    authors: Jia H,Lubetkin EI,Barile JP,Horner-Johnson W,DeMichele K,Stark DS,Zack MM,Thompson WW

    更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00

  • The importance of sense of community on people's perceptions of their health-care experiences.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The authors study the relationship between people's sense of community and problems they experience with the health-care system, specifically problems related to cost, access, provider choice, and satisfaction. METHODS:Data from a 1993 Florida poll (n = 1202) was used to conduct a multinomial logit analysis...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00005650-199609000-00004

    authors: Ahern MM,Hendryx MS,Siddharthan K

    更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00

  • The Impact of Pharmacy-specific Predictors on the Performance of 30-Day Readmission Risk Prediction Models.

    abstract:RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:Pharmacists are an expensive and limited resource in the hospital and outpatient setting. A pharmacist can spend up to 25% of their day planning. Time spent planning is time not spent delivering an intervention. A readmission risk adjustment model has potential to be used as a universal outcome-based...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000001075

    authors: Kabue S,Greene J,Kipnis P,Lawson B,Rinetti-Vargas G,Liu V,Escobar G

    更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00

  • Time utilization of a population of general surgeons in a prepaid group practice.

    abstract::Seven general surgeons in a prepaid group practice previously shown to have a mean operative work load of 9.2 hernia equivalents (HE) per week were found to have a standardized mean daytime working week of 56.2 hours, exclusive of evening activities of which 50.7 hours were devoted to professional activities. The surg...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00005650-197610000-00003

    authors: Watkins RN,Hughes EF,Lewit EM

    更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00

  • Review of methods to determine VA health care costs.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Estimates of health care cost are needed to conduct cost-effectiveness research at the facilities operated by the US Department of Veterans Affairs. METHODS:The medical literature was searched for VA studies to characterize different cost methods and identify their advantages and disadvantages. RESULTS:Dif...

    journal_title:Medical care

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/00005650-199904002-00003

    authors: Barnett PG

    更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00