Abstract:
:In their IOVS article "Rejuvenating Clinician-Scientist Training" (published March 28, 2014), Balamurali Ambati and Judd Cahoon rightly point out the dearth of new clinician-scientists in ophthalmology. Within the context of their suggestions for increasing the number of successful clinician-scientists, they claim that the traditional MD-PhD training programs and K awards have failed to produce individuals who will carry on the important work of clinically relevant research that will improve patients' lives and sight. In this response we present data, including information on the career paths of graduates of the Washington University ophthalmology residency, that call into question the presumed failure of MD-PhD and K award programs and show that, in fact, graduates of these programs are more likely to succeed as clinician-scientists than are their peers who have not trained in such scientifically rigorous environments. We propose that, rather than a failure of early training programs, it may be obstacles that arise later in training and among junior faculty that prevent promising careers from reaching maturity. Funding, one rather large obstacle, takes the form of imbalanced start-up monies, less National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding awarded to young investigators, and study section composition that may work against those with clinically driven questions. We also explore the challenges faced in the culture surrounding residency and fellowship training. We agree with Ambati and Cahoon that there needs to be more innovation in the way training programs are structured, but we believe that the evidence supports supplementing the current model rather than scrapping it and starting over with unproven initiatives. The data on training programs supports the contention that those who have already made substantial investment and commitment to the clinician-scientist pathway through participation in MSTP or K training programs are the most likely to succeed on this career trajectory. To muffle the siren song of private practice and retain those best prepared for the clinician-scientist pathway requires additional investment as their careers mature through protected research time, mentorship, and advocacy.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Culican SM,Rupp JD,Margolis TPdoi
10.1167/iovs.14-14605subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-05-27 00:00:00pages
3219-22issue
5eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
55/5/3219journal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:Purpose:Most of the inflammation in murine herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-induced stromal keratitis (HSK) is due to exposure stress resulting from loss of corneal nerves and blink reflex. Corneal grafts often fail when placed on corneal beds with a history of HSK. We asked if corneal exposure contributes to the se...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Macular drusen are hallmarks of age-related maculopathy (ARM), but these focal extracellular lesions also appear with age in the peripheral retina. The present study was conducted to determine regional differences in morphology that contribute to the higher vulnerability of the macula to advanced disease. METH...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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abstract:PURPOSE:The secreted Ly6/uPAR-related protein-1 (Slurp1), associated with the hyperkeratotic disorder mal de Meleda, is abundantly expressed in corneas. Here, we examine its corneal expression and functions. METHODS:Gene expression was quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunoblots, and immunofluorescent staining....
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with AMD. METHODS:A population-based, cross-sectional study using a nationwide, systemic-stratified, multistage-clustered sampling method involved a total of 17,045 subjects older than 40 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Ex...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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abstract:PURPOSE:The authors took advantage of the Oa1 mutant mouse in combination with other albinism mouse models (i.e., Tyrosinase and membrane-associated transporter protein [Matp]) to study the function of Oa1, the gene mutated in ocular albinism type 1, in the RPE during development and after birth. METHODS:Enzyme activi...
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doi:10.1167/iovs.05-0834
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abstract:PURPOSE:(Photo)-oxidative stress is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with the threshold for retinal damage being lowest for short-wavelength (blue) light. Macular pigment (MP), consisting of the carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-Z, has a maximum absorp...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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abstract::We describe an instrument called a scanning ocular spectrofluorophotometer (SOSF) that measures fluorescence in a two-dimensional cross-section through the anterior chamber and cornea and provides the ability to change excitation and emission wavelengths rapidly. The output of a xenon arc lamp is filtered by a diffrac...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:We investigated the relationship between inflammation, neuronal loss, and expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) in the retina of subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in the retina of rats with T1D. Methods:Retinas from T1D (n = 7), T2D (n = 13)...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract:PURPOSE:To assess alterations in allergic ocular responses to nonparasite antigens in an experimental system in which mice were skewed toward a Th2 cytokine profile by helminth infection. METHODS:Mice were inoculated with Ascaris suum (A. suum) eggs concurrent with ragweed (RW) sensitization (RW/acute) or by repeated ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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abstract::Bovine rod outer segments (ROS) specifically stimulate DNA synthesis in lymphocyte cultures from guinea pigs preimmunized with ROS. At doses above 10 microgram/ml protein, however, preparations of ROS inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis by the sensitized lymphocytes or by normal lymphocytes reacting to mitogens. The inhibti...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To characterize the static blood flow autoregulation in the optic nerve head (ONH), and to investigate its role in hemodynamic changes in experimental glaucoma (EG). METHODS:Unilateral elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) was induced in 15 adult rhesus macaques by laser treatment to the trabecular meshwork....
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-02-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10781
更新日期:2012-12-07 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate whether mucosal immune responses directed against the ubiquitous parasite Toxoplasma gondii can be detected in tears of healthy humans. METHODS:Nonstimulated tears and blood were obtained from 62 healthy humans (mean age, 35 +/- 10 [SD] years). Serum anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin titers were det...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi:
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abstract:PURPOSE:To analyze the roles of vitreal macrophages and circulating leukocytes in retinal vascular growth. METHODS:Bone marrow (BM) cells from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice were transplanted into postnatal day (P)1 mice after irradiation. The mice were exposed to 76% to 78% oxygen (P7-P12), to initia...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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更新日期:2011-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::An imaging fundus reflectometer has been used to study the distribution and regeneration of visual pigments in the retina of the adult living cat. Measurements were made over an area of tapetal retina extending 25 degrees nasal and 40 degrees temporal to the area centralis on the horizontal meridian and 5 degrees infe...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi:
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:Previous studies have reported a possible link between low bone mineral density and AMD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between osteoporosis and AMD in a South Korean cohort. Methods:This cross-sectional, nationwide study included 3496 women and 2789 men who had participated in...
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更新日期:2018-03-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi:
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
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