Abstract:
:The characteristic of a biomarker that makes it a useful surrogate is the ability to identify a high risk of clinically important benefits or harms occurring in the future. A number of definitions or descriptions of surrogate definition have been put forward. Most recently the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in the USA has put forward an evaluation scheme for biomarkers, looking at validation (assay performance), qualification (assessment of evidence), and utilisation (the context in which the surrogate is to be used). This paper examines the example of endoscopy as a surrogate marker of NSAID-induced mucosal damage using the Institute of Medicine criteria. The article finds extensive evidence that the detection of endoscopic ulcers is a valid marker. The process of qualification documents abundant evidence showing that endoscopic ulcers and serious upper gastrointestinal damage are influenced in the same direction and much the same magnitude by a variety of risk factors and interventions. Criticisms of validation and qualification for endoscopic ulcers have been examined, and dismissed. Context is the key, and in the context of serious NSAID-induced upper gastrointestinal harm, endoscopic ulcers represent a useful surrogate. Generalisability beyond this context is not considered.
journal_name
Arthritis Res Therjournal_title
Arthritis research & therapyauthors
Andrew Moore Rdoi
10.1186/ar4176subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-01 00:00:00pages
S4eissn
1478-6354issn
1478-6362pii
ar4176journal_volume
15 Suppl 3pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:To analyze whether ANA-positive idiopathic anterior uveitis differs from JIA-associated uveitis concerning clinical course, response to treatment, and disease outcome. METHODS:Prospective study of the National Paediatric Rheumatological Database (NPRD) including its uveitis add-on module from the years 2002...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-020-02166-3
更新日期:2020-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The translational and predictive value of animal models highly depends on the validity of respective readout parameters. In arthritis research, there has been a shift from sole threshold testing for pain-related behavior, as well as from swelling and histology assessment for inflammation, toward an analysi...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar3342
更新日期:2011-05-27 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Antibodies against citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) and increased levels of cytokines precede the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by several years. Recently, the proteins survivin and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) have been identified as biomarkers of RA associated with joint destruct...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar4474
更新日期:2014-02-05 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Progressive fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is linked to aberrant transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) blocks fibrogenic TGF-beta responses in vitro and in vivo. Reduced expression and function of PPAR-gamma in patients wit...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar3827
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:We designed OP3-4 (YCEIEFCYLIR), a cyclic peptide, to mimic the soluble osteoprotegerin (OPG), and was proven to bind to RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand), thereby inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. We recently found that another RANKL binding peptide, W9, could accelerate bone formation by affecting ...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0753-8
更新日期:2015-09-12 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent self-limiting fever and serositis that mainly affects Mediterranean populations. Many patients with FMF have been reported in Japan due to increasing recognition of this condition and the availability of ...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-014-0439-7
更新日期:2014-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary involvement is a common complication of vasculitides, especially small vessel vasculitides. This review provides an overview of vasculitic manifestations of the lung as well as of other organs involved in vasculitides. Furthermore, it provides the diagnostic procedures required to asses a patient with vascul...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/ar3307
更新日期:2011-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse events of opioids may restrict their use in non-cancer pain. Analysis of the incidence of common adverse events in trials conducted in non-cancer pain has usually been limited to opioids used to treat severe pain according to the WHO three-step ladder. To examine the incidence of common adverse events of opioi...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/ar1782
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:A number of occupational risk factors are discussed in relation to the development and progress of knee joint diseases (for example, working in a kneeling or squatting posture, lifting and carrying heavy weights). Besides the occupational factors, a number of individual risk factors are important. The dist...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar3015
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of L-4F, an apolipoprotein A-1 mimetic peptide, alone or with pravastatin, in apoE-/-Fas-/-C57BL/6 mice that spontaneously develop immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies, glomerulonephritis, osteopenia, and atherosclerotic lesions on a normal chow diet. ...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar3020
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Monocytic cells play a central role in the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis, and manipulation of the activation of these cells is an approach currently under investigation to discover new therapies for this and associated diseases. CD148 is a transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase that is highly expressed in ...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar4288
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian immune responses are intended to eradicate microbial pathogens and thus protect individuals from the harmful effects of such infections. However, unresolved inflammation can be devastating to the host and cause tissue damage and organ malfunction. Immune responses can even mistakenly target self-antigens and...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/ar4131
更新日期:2013-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity is one of the main risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) and due to the global rise in obesity this will increasingly contribute to OA development. The article of Griffin and co-workers in this issue of Arthritis Research and Therapy shows that a high-fat diet leads to obesity and OA in the studied animals and ...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 评论,社论
doi:10.1186/ar3082
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between serum urate, menopause, and aging has not been clearly defined by scientific evidence. In the present issue of Arthritis Research and Therapy, Hak and Choi present a cross-sectional analysis to clarify the effect of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on serum urate in women within the T...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 评论,社论
doi:10.1186/ar2524
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Rheumatic diseases are among the most common and debilitating health problems in the United States. These diseases are chronic, can result in severe decrements of physical and psychosocial functioning and affect patients' overall quality of life. A consensus regarding the best patient outcomes to be measur...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar3219
更新日期:2011-01-05 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have lower bone mineral density and increased fracture risk when compared with healthy individuals, due to distinct factors and mechanisms. Bone remodeling is a tightly orchestrated process dependent on several factors, including the balance between receptor acti...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/ar3500
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of spontaneous autoimmunity in inbred strains of rodents has allowed us to investigate the molecular basis of chronic inflammatory disease in ways that would not be possible in humans. Recently, two new mouse models of autoimmune inflammatory polyarthritis have been reported that demonstrate how altera...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/ar1185
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Factors associated with care concordant with the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) recommendations for the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are unknown. METHODS:We identified a national cohort of biologic-naive patients with RA with visits between Decem...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-016-0992-3
更新日期:2016-04-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) reactivities precede clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and it has been suggested that ACPA reactivities towards distinct target proteins may be associated with differences in RA phenotypes. We aimed to assess the prevalence of baseline ACPA reactivities i...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s13075-018-1635-7
更新日期:2018-07-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) is a nuclear protein containing a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain that regulates cell growth by selective binding and prevention of gene transcription. Sources of Id1 production in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue (RA ST) and its range of functional effects in RA rem...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-016-0984-3
更新日期:2016-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, pregnancy in women with many inflammatory rheumatic diseases was not considered safe and was discouraged. Combined care allows these pregnancies to be managed optimally, with the majority of outcomes being favorable. Disease activity at the time of conception and anti-phospholipid antibodies are responsi...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/ar3227
更新日期:2011-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, the osteoblast has been considered the master cell in the control of osteoclast development and, therefore, bone resorption. Now the interactions between cells of the immune system and bone cells have redefined our thinking on the regulation of bone resorption. Moreover, the crosstalk between these cell ...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/ar2141
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Though remission is currently a treatment goal in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the number of patients who achieve and sustain remission in daily practice is still small. It is suggested that early remission will be associated with sustainability of remission. The aim was to study the associatio...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar3027
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays a pathogenic role in several rheumatic diseases including spondyloarthritis and, paradoxically, has been described to both promote and protect from bone formation. We therefore examined the effects of IL-17A on osteoblast differentiation in vitro and on periosteal bone formatio...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-016-0998-x
更新日期:2016-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::In clinic studies, altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function has been associated with fibromyalgia, a syndrome characterised by chronic widespread body pain. These results may be explained by the associated high rates of psychological distress and somatisation. We address the hypothesis that the latte...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar1772
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Clinical diversity in systemic sclerosis (SSc) reflects multifaceted pathogenesis and the effect of key growth factors or cytokines operating within a disease-specific microenvironment. Dermal interstitial fluid sampling offers the potential to examine local mechanisms and identify proteins expressed withi...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0575-8
更新日期:2015-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::Advanced imaging techniques may enable early diagnosis and monitoring of therapy in various rheumatic diseases. To prevent irreversible tissue damage, inflammatory rheumatic disease must be diagnosed and treated in pre-clinical stages, requiring highly sensitive detection techniques. Positron emission tomography (PET)...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13075-014-0423-2
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is found at elevated concentrations in sera of patients with joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). We recently showed that COMP activates complement via the alternative pathway and that COMP-C3b complexes are present in sera of ...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar3694
更新日期:2012-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The present study aimed to evaluate the suppressive role of interleukin (IL)-25 in IL-22-induced osteoclastogenesis and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) expression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS:Serum from patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA), and healthy controls, and synov...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-020-02315-8
更新日期:2020-09-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:African Americans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have increased renal disease compared to Caucasians, but differences in other comorbidities have not been well-described. We used an electronic health record (EHR) technique to test for differences in comorbidities in African Americans compared to Cau...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-018-1561-8
更新日期:2018-04-10 00:00:00