Up-regulation of Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling in the spinal cord impairs neural cell migration, neurogenesis, synapse formation, and dendritic spine development.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:The Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling pathway controls many cellular responses such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and death. In the nervous system, emerging evidence also points to a death-promoting role for ERK1/2 in both in vitro and in vivo models of neuronal death. To further investigate how Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 up-regulation may lead to the development of spinal cord injury, we developed a cellular model of Raf/ERK up-regulation by overexpressing c-Raf in cultured spinal cord neurons (SCNs) and dorsal root ganglions (DRGs). METHODS:DRGs and SCNs were prepared from C57BL/6J mouse pups. DRGs or SCNs were infected with Ad-Raf-1 or Ad-Null adenovirus alone. Cell adhesion assay and cell migration assay were investigated, DiI labeling was employed to examine the effect of the up-regulation of Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling on the dendritic formation of spinal neurons. We used the TO-PRO-3 staining to examine the apoptotic effect of c-Raf on DRGs or SCNs. The effect on the synapse formation of neurons was measured by using immunofluorescence. RESULTS:We found that Raf/ERK up-regulation stimulates the migration of both SCNs and DRGs, and impairs the formation of excitatory synapses in SCNs. In addition, we found that Raf/ERK up-regulation inhibits the development of mature dendritic spines in SCNs. Investigating the possible mechanisms through which Raf/ERK up-regulation affects the excitatory synapse formation and dendritic spine development, we discovered that Raf/ERK up-regulation suppresses the development and maturation of SCNs. CONCLUSION:The up-regulation of the Raf/ERK signaling pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury through both its impairment of the SCN development and causing neural circuit imbalances.

journal_name

Chin Med J (Engl)

journal_title

Chinese medical journal

authors

Cao FJ,Zhang X,Liu T,Li XW,Malik M,Feng SQ

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-10-01 00:00:00

pages

3879-85

issue

20

eissn

0366-6999

issn

2542-5641

journal_volume

126

pub_type

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