Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The plasma membrane plays an essential role in selective permeability, compartmentalization, osmotic balance, and cellular uptake. The characteristics and functions of cyanobacterial membranes have been extensively investigated in recent years. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are special nanocarriers that can overcome the plasma membrane barrier and enter cells directly, either alone or with associated cargoes. However, the cellular entry mechanisms of CPPs in cyanobacteria have not been studied. RESULTS:In the present study, we determine CPP-mediated transduction efficiency and internalization mechanisms in cyanobacteria using a combination of biological and biophysical methods. We demonstrate that both Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 strains of cyanobacteria possess red autofluorescence. Green fluorescent protein (GFP), either alone or noncovalently associated with a CPP comprised of nine arginine residues (R9/GFP complexes), entered cyanobacteria. The ATP-depleting inhibitor of classical endocytosis, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), could block the spontaneous internalization of GFP, but not the transduction of R9/GFP complexes. Three specific inhibitors of macropinocytosis, cytochalasin D (CytD), 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA), and wortmannin, reduced the efficiency of R9/GFP complex transduction, indicating that entry of R9/GFP complexes involves macropinocytosis. Both the 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) and membrane leakage analyses confirmed that R9/GFP complexes were not toxic to the cyanobacteria, nor were the endocytic and macropinocytic inhibitors used in these studies. CONCLUSIONS:In summary, we have demonstrated that cyanobacteria use classical endocytosis and macropinocytosis to internalize exogenous GFP and CPP/GFP proteins, respectively. Moreover, the CPP-mediated delivery system is not toxic to cyanobacteria, and can be used to investigate biological processes at the cellular level in this species. These results suggest that both endocytic and macropinocytic pathways can be used for efficient internalization of regular protein and CPP-mediated protein delivery in cyanobacteria, respectively.
journal_name
BMC Microbioljournal_title
BMC microbiologyauthors
Liu BR,Huang YW,Lee HJdoi
10.1186/1471-2180-13-57subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-03-14 00:00:00pages
57issn
1471-2180pii
1471-2180-13-57journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BMC MICROBIOLOGY文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:GeoChip 3.0, a microbial functional gene array, containing ~28,000 oligonucleotide probes and targeting ~57,000 sequences from 292 functional gene families, provided a powerful tool for researching microbial community structure in natural environments. The alpine meadow is a dominant plant community in the Q...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-13-72
更新日期:2013-03-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The type IV secretion system (T4SS) can be classified as a large family of macromolecule transporter systems, divided into three recognized sub-families, according to the well-known functions. The major sub-family is the conjugation system, which allows transfer of genetic material, such as a nucleoprotein, ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-12-172
更新日期:2012-08-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several conventional methods, including fungal culture and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent staining, have been used to diagnose oral candidiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel method, fungal fluorescent staining, in relation to conventional protocols in the diagnosis of ora...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-019-1467-x
更新日期:2019-05-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM, recurrent ear infection) is a common childhood disease caused by bacteria termed otopathogens, for which current treatments have limited effectiveness. Generic probiotic therapies have shown promise, but seem to lack specificity. We hypothesised that healthy children with ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-018-1154-3
更新日期:2018-02-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Non typhoidal salmonellosis is one of the neglected zoonoses in most African countries. The use of sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics as animal growth promoter enhances the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria with food animal reservoirs and may also results in antibiotics re...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-018-1248-y
更新日期:2018-08-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Globally, staphylococci have developed resistance to many antibiotics. New approaches to chemotherapy are needed and one such approach could be to use plant derived actives with conventional antibiotics in a synergestic way. The purpose of this study was to isolate α-mangostin from the mangosteen (Garcinia m...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0814-4
更新日期:2016-08-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The native microflora associated with mosquitoes have important roles in mosquito development and vector competence. Sequencing of bacterial V3 region from 16S rRNA genes across the developmental stages of Culex mosquitoes (early and late larval instars, pupae and adults) was used to test the hypothesis that...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0475-8
更新日期:2015-07-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since 1994, Brucella strains have been isolated from a wide range of marine mammals. They are currently recognized as two new Brucella species, B. pinnipedialis for the pinniped isolates and B. ceti for the cetacean isolates in agreement with host preference and specific phenotypic and molecular markers. In ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-145
更新日期:2009-07-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fluconazole (FLC), a triazole antifungal drug, is widely used for the maintenance therapy of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. In this study, we examined changes in the gene expression profile of the C. neoformans reference strain H99 (serotype A) fol...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-11-97
更新日期:2011-05-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The catabolite control protein CcpA is a transcriptional regulator conserved in many Gram-positives, controlling the efficiency of glucose metabolism. Here we studied the role of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 CcpA in regulation of metabolic pathways and expression of enterotoxin genes by comparative transcripto...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-62
更新日期:2008-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen and a major causative agent of respiratory infections, including otitis media (OM). Pneumococcal biofilms have been demonstrated on biopsies of the middle ear mucosa in children receiving tympanostomy tubes, supporting the hypothesis that chronic OM m...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-173
更新日期:2008-10-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Next-generation sequencing platforms have revolutionised our ability to investigate the microbiota composition of complex environments, frequently through 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the bacterial component of the community. Numerous factors, including DNA extraction method, primer sequences and sequencing p...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0738-z
更新日期:2016-06-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Thermotolerant Campylobacter is among the more prevalent bacterial pathogens that cause foodborne diseases. This study aimed at evaluating the occurrence of thermotolerant Campylobacter contamination in chicken carcasses and processing plant stations (chilling water, scalding water, defeathering machinery, e...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-94
更新日期:2009-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The complete genome sequences of 44 Bacillus cereus group isolates collected from diverse sources in Japan were analyzed to determine their genetic backgrounds and diversity levels in Japan. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and core-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing data from whole-genome s...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-019-1678-1
更新日期:2019-12-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Plant endophytic bacteria play an important role benefiting plant growth or being pathogenic to plants or organisms that consume those plants. Multiple species of bacteria have been found co-inhabiting plants, both cultivated and wild, with viruses and fungi. For these reasons, a general understanding of pla...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-13-1
更新日期:2013-01-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Generation of extended- spectrum β- lactamases is one of the major mechanisms by which clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae develop resistance to antibiotics. Combined antibiotics prove to be a relatively effective method of controlling such resistant strains. Some of Chinese herbal active ingredients are known to...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0797-1
更新日期:2016-08-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) are a subset of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) produced by plant pathogens to degrade plant cell walls. To counteract PCWDEs, plants release PCWDEs inhibitor proteins (PIPs) to reduce their impact. Several transgenic plants expressing exogenous PIPs that interac...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0761-0
更新日期:2016-07-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Single stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) binds to toll-like receptor (TLR)7 leading to recruitment of immune cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which has been shown in mammals. In chickens, synthetic ssRNA analog, resiquimod, has been shown to elicit antiviral response against infectious bur...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-019-1398-6
更新日期:2019-02-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Enteroaggregative (EAEC) and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are a major cause of diarrhea worldwide. E. coli carrying both virulence factors characteristic for EAEC and STEC and producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase caused severe and protracted disease during an outbreak of E. coli O104:H...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0827-z
更新日期:2016-09-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cow manure is not only an agricultural waste, but also an organic fertilizer resource. The application of organic fertilizer is a feasible practice to mitigate the soil degradation caused by overuse of chemical fertilizers, which can affect the bacterial diversity and community composition in soils. However,...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01871-y
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are classified into typical and atypical strains based on the presence of the E. coli adherence factor (EAF) plasmid. The EAF plasmid contains the bfp (bundle-forming pilus) operon and the perABC (plasmid encoded regulator) gene cluster. A 1-kb cryptic region of EAF p...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0539-9
更新日期:2015-10-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Growing concerns about bacterial resistance to antibiotics have prompted the development of alternative therapies like those based on cationic antimicrobial peptides (APs). These compounds not only are bactericidal by themselves but also enhance the activity of antibiotics. Studies focused on the systematic ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-196
更新日期:2008-11-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mce4 operon is one of the four homologues of mammalian cell entry (mce) operons of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The mce4A (Rv3499c) gene within this operon is homologous to mce1A (Rv0169), that has a role in host cell invasion by M. tuberculosis. Our earlier reports show that mce4 operon is expressed duri...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-200
更新日期:2008-11-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) of trypanosomatids consists of an unusual arrangement of circular molecules catenated into a single network. The diameter of the isolated kDNA network is similar to that of the entire cell. However, within the kinetoplast matrix, the kDNA is highly condensed. Studies in Crithidia f...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-120
更新日期:2009-06-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A common assumption of microorganisms is that laboratory stocks will remain genetically and phenotypically constant over time, and across laboratories. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that mutations can ruin strain integrity and drive the divergence or "domestication" of stocks. Since its discove...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-14-2
更新日期:2014-01-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Enterococcus is ubiquitous in nature and is a commensal of both the bovine and human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It is also associated with clinical infections in humans. Subtherapeutic administration of antibiotics to cattle selects for antibiotic resistant enterococci in the bovine GI tract. Antibiotic re...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-017-0962-1
更新日期:2017-03-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many bacterial extracytoplasmic proteins are stabilized by intramolecular disulfide bridges that are formed post-translationally between their cysteine residues. This protein modification plays an important role in bacterial pathogenesis, and is facilitated by the Dsb (disulfide bond) family of the redox pro...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-11-166
更新日期:2011-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera. Extensive studies reveal that complicated regulatory cascades regulate expression of virulence genes, the products of which are required for V. cholerae to colonize and cause disease. In this study, we investigated the expression of the key virulence regulat...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-3
更新日期:2010-01-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that causes significant worldwide morbidity. N. gonorrhoeae expresses lipooligosaccharide (LOS), a phase variable molecule that plays an important role during pathogenesis of the organism. Alteration in the structure of gonococcal LOS correlates with altere...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-7-7
更新日期:2007-01-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The bacterial surface protein internalin (InlA) is a major virulence factor of the food-born pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. It plays a critical role in the bacteria crossing the host intestinal barrier by a species-specific interaction with the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. In mice, the interaction of...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-13-90
更新日期:2013-04-23 00:00:00