Abstract：
:The investigation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in chronic inflammation has demonstrated: 1) an anti-inflammatory influence of the HPA axis; 2) low serum levels of adrenal androgen; 3) equivocal results with respect to levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol; 4) inadequately low secretion of adrenal hormones in relation to inflammation (the disproportion principle); 5) modulating role of TNF and IL-6 on the HPA axis; 6) disturbed cooperativity of HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system (uncoupling); 7) observable glucocorticoid resistance; 8) the circadian rhythmicity explains morning symptoms; 9) new medications based on malfunction of the HPA axis (e.g. adapted to the circadian rhythm of hormones and cytokines); and 10) the newly described role of the HPA axis in the context of misguided energy regulation in chronic inflammatory diseases. This review discusses items 1-6 and 10, while the other items are presented elsewhere in this Supplement. Evidence is presented that the basis for many alterations is in an adaptive program positively selected for short-lived inflammatory responses (energy appeal reaction), which becomes a disease-inherent pathogenetic factor, if it continues too long, that can drive systemic disease sequelae of chronic inflammatory diseases such as the metabolic syndrome.
journal_name
Clin Exp Rheumatoljournal_title
Clinical and experimental rheumatologyauthors
Straub RH,Buttgereit F,Cutolo Msubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-09-01 00:00:00pages
S23-31issue
5 Suppl 68eissn
0392-856Xissn
1593-098Xpii
5421journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Regional or localized pericarditis has been infrequently reported. We report a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), who presented with retrosternal pleuritic-type chest pain without audible friction rub, electrocardiographic changes or detectable pericardial effusion on echocardiography. Computed tomograph...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Secondary vasculitis resulting from unusual pathologic expressions of infections has been described and has important clinical significance. Infectious agents have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of different primary systemic necrotizing vasculitides. Infectious endocarditis is of particular importance in the...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of bone-destructive disorders. Yet reports on the influence of AGEs on human osteoblasts remain lacking. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of AGE-modified bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) on cell growth and expre...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Candidate markers for endothelial cell, lymphocyte and fibroblast function in systemic sclerosis have been reviewed. Autoantibody measurement and general inflammatory markers were considered the minimum requirements, with other markers needing further evaluation. ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Human six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 (STEAP4) is one of the STEAP family as a homologue of mouse tumour necrosis factor-α-induced adipose-related protein (TIARP). Recently, we reported that the TIARP gene expression was remarkably increased in spleen and joints of glucose-6-phosphate isom...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate serum levels of fractalkine (FKN), a mediator of leukocyte transmigration, C-reactive protein (CRP) and expression of integrins CD11a and CD49d on peripheral blood lymphocytes in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to investigate whether they are modulated by intravenous prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). METHOD...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Osteopontin (OPN) is a non-traditional pro-inflammatory cytokine and is involved in muscle regeneration and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of OPN in skeletal muscle and serum of patients with IIMs. METHODS:45 patients with IIMs (27 with PM and 18 with DM) were included...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early arthritis is challenging because the clinical picture often does not allow a distinction between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), self-limiting disease, and other forms of inflammatory arthritis. In Germany the first early synovitis clinic and several inception cohorts of patients with early RA were initiated and eval...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nail psoriasis affects nearly 80% of patients with plaque psoriasis and is even more prevalent in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Nail psoriasis is not simply a cosmetic problem but one that effects the structure and function of the nail, resulting in negative psychological effects. The first level in management of...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine how well a spot urine sample of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can predict 24-hour urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline excretion. METHODS:Urine samples of 11 hospitalized RA patients taken on 2 consecutive days at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. were compared with samples from 24-hour c...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In spite of our continuously improved pathobiological understanding, there is still no consensus on terminology and disease criteria in Sjögren's syndrome (SS). This survey points out discrepencies in the current description of the syndrome, and argues for a new classification model. We suggest that the present nomenc...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report on a patient with biopsy proven systemic Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) with a granulomatous necrotising manifestation of WG in the liver, lung, parotid gland and skin with subsequent death of liver failure. Liver involvement in WG is an exceedingly rare, though potentially fatal, organ manifestation of WG. ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effects of rhein on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -3, 13) and ADAMTs 4, 5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type-I repeat)/aggrecanases-1, -2 in interleukin-1-stimulated bovine articular chondrocytes, and to investigate the signalling pathways invo...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic vasculitis is a group of heterogeneous, disabling disorders. Great interest has recently arisen in pathophysiology, clinical phenotypes and therapy of large- and small-vessel vasculitis. The general work hypothesis has been to promote research focused on disease-related pathogenetic pathways, with the ultimat...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The health problems of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia are mostly invisible to others, which can lead to a discrepancy between patients' and spouses' appraisals of the severity of the health problems. As a consequence, some patients may feel 'invalidation' from their spouse, such as not b...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the types and to assess the role of auditory evoked potentials and otoacoustic emissions in early detection of hearing abnormalities in Behçet's disease (BD) patients. Their correlations with disease activity were also considered. METHODS:Thirty patients with BD and thirty apparently sex- and a...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with ultrasound (US) in asymptomatic SSc patients and to seek out the relationship between CTS and SSc clinical variables METHODS:In 64 SSc patients (55 women and 9 men, mean age 57±14 years) and in 30 healthy controls, area (MNA), transverse (MNT) and anteroposte...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRA) greatly improves the early detection and visualization of osseous and non-osseous joint changes over conventional x-rays of involved joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the "pathophysiological correlate" of these MR imaging changes remains poorly defined. Carefu...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A Cambodian man and his son concomitantly developed malignant Reiter's syndrome soon after their arrival in France. In both cases generalized skin lesions of pustular psoriasis and systemic features were present. The son died after 2 years of unresponsive continuously progressive disease. The father received pulses of...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) resulting from impairments in vascular function and morphology. CVD risk prediction scores can identify patients at high risk of CVD, but little is known about whether they relate with assessments of vascular fu...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To offer a second opinion on the recently published retrospective diagnosis of Cardinal Carlo de' Medici (1596-1666), a prominent member of the grand ducal family then ruling Tuscany. METHODS:Retrospective diagnosis of historical figures is difficult and at times controversial, even with modern technology. ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Giant cell arteritis (GCA), a systemic large-vessel vasculitis, is a disease that has been treated with glucocorticoids since 1950. Over the years, several disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs have been evaluated as steroid-sparing agents with disappointing results. Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 inhibitor, has in re...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunochemical study of the cryoglobulins has produced a classification of three main types which present clinical correlates. With the current standard immunofixation technique the vast majority of cryoglobulins are presently classified as type II. High-resolution immunoelectrophoretic techniques (immunoblotting and ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:In 1966, Goldbloom et al. described two children who developed a peculiar clinical picture characterized by intermittent daily bone pain in the lower limbs, fever spikes, increased acute phase reactants and dysproteinaemia. The syndrome occurred two weeks after a group A β-haemolytic streptococcus infection....
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To describe and evaluate clinical and imaging differences between patients with familial and sporadic early spondyloarthritis (SpA). METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study analysing the baseline dataset from ESPERANZA, a national programme developed for the early identification of patients with SpA. Patie...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aims of our study were to evaluate serum leptin, resistin, visfatin and adiponectin levels in patients with tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), in comparison to healthy controls, and to correlate their levels to parameters of disease activity and/or severity. METHODS:Se...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A severe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China in December 2019, and spread so rapidly that more than 200,000 cases have so far been reported worldwide; on January 30, 2020, the WHO declared it the sixth public health emergency of international concern. The two previously reported coronaviru...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Beyond their role in haemostasis, platelets can actively contribute to immunity. The activation of the platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) promotes the release of small extracellular vesicles called microparticles. These microparticles are found in the joint bathing fluid of patients with rheum...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To evaluate the properties of antibodies to bacterial DNA in the sera of normal human subjects (NHS) and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the effects of ionic strength and pH on their binding to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) from Micrococcus lysodeikticus (MC) were measured. By ELISA, antibodies to MC s...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at greater risk of infectious morbidity and mortality due to disease-related abnormalities and use of immunosuppressive medications. Vaccinations are recommended by international guidelines among infection control strategies, but vaccination rates are reported to be still subopti...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
