Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:To offer a second opinion on the recently published retrospective diagnosis of Cardinal Carlo de' Medici (1596-1666), a prominent member of the grand ducal family then ruling Tuscany. METHODS:Retrospective diagnosis of historical figures is difficult and at times controversial, even with modern technology. It is based on contemporaneous medical descriptions and historical reviews, inherited iconography, and rarely - as in the case of the Medici of Florence - skeletal assessment, completed with radiological, histological and even immunological studies. Modern clinical work is often complemented with a second opinion obtained from specialists in the relevant fields. It is this type of second opinion that our collaborative Australian and Italian team, comprised of an orthopaedic/spinal surgeon, a rheumatologist and two medical historians, now offers. RESULTS:The authors concur with the first opinion's diagnosis of Klippel-Feil syndrome in Carlo de' Medici, but disagree with the diagnoses of tuberculosis (Pott's disease) and rheumatoid arthritis. We find evidence, instead, for a psoriatic-DISH arthropathy with involvement of Klippel-Feil syndrome. CONCLUSIONS:A psoriatic-DISH arthropathy, previously described by the present authors as the 'Medici syndrome', was commonly found in the males of the primary branch of the family. The diagnosis of this condition in Cardinal Carlo de' Medici represents its first identification in a male of the secondary (grand ducal) branch of the family.
journal_name
Clin Exp Rheumatoljournal_title
Clinical and experimental rheumatologyauthors
Weisz GM,Matucci-Cerinic M,Albury WR,Lippi Dsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
6-11issue
1eissn
0392-856Xissn
1593-098Xpii
4705journal_volume
30pub_type
传,历史文章,杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is the second most frequent focal neuropathy of the arm. The aim of our study was to establish the frequency of anatomical changes of the cubital tunnel capable of causing UNE. METHODS:Ninety-one consecutive patients affected by UNE, as established by neurophysiological st...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
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abstract：:Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common syndrome characterised by widespread pain and at least 11/18 painful tender points that requires multimodal pharmacological treatment also combined with non-pharmacological therapy. Various drugs currently are available to control the complex and different symptoms reported by patients. O...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
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更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Defining predictors of damage would improve patient care. We applied damage indexes to patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and identified the predictors of damage. METHODS:This is a cross-sectional analysis of 926 FMF patients, who fulfilled the Tel-Hashomer criteria and had at least six months...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
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doi：
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
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abstract：:Offspring of a cross between the NZB and NZW mice (F1) develop a disease similar to SLE in humans. Female mice of the F1 strain develop the disease at a younger age and die earlier than the males. In order to test the hypothesis that estrogen receptor concentrations in the lymphoid organs of these mice may correlate w...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
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doi：
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doi：
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doi：
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
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doi：
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type：
doi：
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
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doi：
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental rheumatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
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