Abstract:
:Later-flowering spikelets in a rice panicle, referred to as the inferior spikelets, are usually poorly filled and often limit the yield potential of some rice cultivars. The physiological and molecular mechanism for such poor grain filling remains unclear. In this study the differentially expressed genes in starch synthesis and hormone signalling between inferior and superior spikelets were comprehensively analysed and their relationships with grain filling was investigated. DNA microarray and real-time PCR analysis revealed that a group of starch metabolism-related genes showed enhanced expression profiles and had higher transcript levels in superior spikelets than in inferior ones at the early and middle grain-filling stages. Expression of the abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis genes, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (NCED1) and NCED5, and the ethylene synthesis genes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 (ACO1) and ACO3, declined with development of the caryopses. Meanwhile, if compared with inferior spikelets, expression of these genes in superior spikelets decreased faster and had lower transcript profiles, especially for ethylene. ABA concentration and ethylene evolution rate showed similar trends to their gene expression. Exogenous supply of ABA reduced the sucrose synthase (SUS) mRNA level and its enzyme activity in detached rice grains, while exogenously supplied ethephon (an ethylene-releasing reagent) suppressed the expression of most starch synthesis genes; that is, SUS, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), and soluble starch synthase (SSS), and down-regulated their enzyme activities. In summary, it is concluded that the relatively high concentrations of ethylene and ABA in inferior spikelets suppress the expression of starch synthesis genes and their enzyme activities and consequently lead to a low grain-filling rate.
journal_name
J Exp Botjournal_title
Journal of experimental botanyauthors
Zhu G,Ye N,Yang J,Peng X,Zhang Jdoi
10.1093/jxb/err088subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-07-01 00:00:00pages
3907-16issue
11eissn
0022-0957issn
1460-2431pii
err088journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The transgenic traits associated with the majority of commercial genetically modified crops are focused on improving herbicide and insecticide management practices. The use of the transgenic technology in these crops and the associated chemistry has been the basis of studies that provide evidence for occasional improv...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/err332
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seed oil traits in soybean that are of benefit to human nutrition and health have been selected for during crop domestication. However, these domesticated traits have significant differences across various evolutionary types. In this study, we found that the integration of evolutionary population structure (evolutiona...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa426
更新日期:2020-12-31 00:00:00
abstract::Following advances in genetics, genomics, and phenotyping, trait selection in breeding is limited by our ability to understand interactions within the plant and with the environment, and to identify traits of most relevance to the target population of environments. We propose an integrated approach that combines insig...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ery059
更新日期:2018-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::The KNOTTED-like (KNOX) genes encode homeodomain transcription factors and regulate several processes of plant organ development. The peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) genome was found to contain 10 KNOX members (KNOPE genes); six of them were experimentally located on the Prunus reference map and the class 1 KNOPE1 wa...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers194
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. LA Burley 21) lines expressing three genes encoding enzymes thought to be critical for the efficient production of phytochelatins, (i) serine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.30) involved in the production of O-acetylserine, the cysteine precursor, (ii) gamma-glutamylcysteine synth...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erj176
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here the isolation and characterization of CitAMT1 cDNA from citrange Troyer (Citrus sinensis L. OsbeckxPoncirus trifoliata Blanco) is reported, suggesting that this belongs to the AMT gene family, which is involved in the high-affinity transport system (HATS). Results show that in Citrus plants, the HATS is much more...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erm135
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endosperm cap (CAP) weakening and embryo elongation growth are prerequisites for the completion of lettuce seed germination. Although it has been proposed that the cell wall loosening underlying these processes results from an enzymatic mechanism, it is still unclear which enzymes are involved. Here it is shown that r...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eru167
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionic and osmotic relations in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) were studied by exposing plants to six salinity levels (0-500 mM NaCl range) for 70 d. Salt stress was administered either by pre-mixing of the calculated amount of NaCl with the potting mix before seeds were planted or by the gradual increase of NaCl l...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq257
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stone cells negatively affect fruit quality because of their firm and lignified cell walls, so are targets for reduction in pear breeding programmes. However, there is only limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of stone cells. Here, we show that PbrMYB169, an R2R3 MYB transcription fac...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erz039
更新日期:2019-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::Flavonoids are plant pigments that provide health benefits for human and animal consumers. Understanding why domesticated crops have altered pigmentation patterns and unraveling the molecular/genetic mechanisms that underlie this will facilitate the breeding of new (healthier) varieties. We present an overview of chan...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erz141
更新日期:2019-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are agronomically important biopolymers in higher plants composed primarily of catechin and epicatechin units. The biosynthesis of these natural products is regulated by transcription factors including proteins of the R2R3MYB class. To gain insight into the genetic control of the catechin and e...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq344
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In C(3) plants, diffusion of CO(2) into leaves is restricted by stomata and subsequently by the intercellular airspaces and liquid phase into chloroplasts. While considerable information exists on the effect of environmental conditions on stomatal conductance (g(s)), little is known on whether the mesophyll conductanc...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erp035
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria from plants, yeast, and animals each contain at least one peroxiredoxin (Prx) that is involved in peroxide detoxification and redox signalling. The supramolecular dynamics of atypical type II Prx targeted to the mitochondrion was addressed in pea. Microcalorimetric (ITC) titrations identified an extremely...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ern177
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic and physiological analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana glycolate oxidase (GOX) mutant leaves were performed to understand the development of the photorespiratory phenotype after transfer from high CO2 to air. We show that two Arabidopsis genes, GOX1 and GOX2, share a redundant photorespiratory role. Air-grown si...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erw054
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global change factors affect plant carbon uptake in concert. In order to investigate the response directions and potential interactive effects, and to understand the underlying mechanisms, multifactor experiments are needed. The focus of this study was on the photosynthetic response to elevated CO(2) [CO2; free air CO...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/err133
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Co-ordination of metabolic and physiological activity between plant parts is key to the control of growth and development. Here the movement of resources and their allocation between mother plants and daughter ramets along Fragaria stolons was quantified with respect to hierarchy. Gradients of internodal ramet leaf wa...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers155
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell wall disassembly in softening fruits is a complex process involving the cumulative action of many families of wall-modifying proteins on interconnected polysaccharide matrices. One strategy to elucidate the in vivo substrates of specific enzymes and their relative importance and contribution to wall modification ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ern142
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Secondary salinization and its relationship to irrigation are strong incentives to improve the tolerance of crops to salinity and to drought. Achieving this through the pyramiding of physiological traits (phenotypic selection without knowledge of genotype) is feasible. However, wide application of this approach is lim...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein degradation in chloroplasts is carried out by a set of proteases that eliminate misfolded, damaged, or superfluous proteins. The ATP-dependent caseinolytic protease (Clp) is the most complex protease in plastids and has been implicated mainly in stromal protein degradation. In contrast, FtsH, a thylakoid membr...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erx066
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In eukaryotes, the RHO superfamily of small G-proteins is implicated in the regulation of cell polarity and growth. Rho of Plants (ROPs)/RACs are plant-specific Rho family proteins that have been shown to regulate cell polarity, auxin transport and responses, ABA signalling, and response to pathogens. A hallmark of RO...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erv057
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bulbil formation in Agave tequilana was analysed with the objective of understanding this phenomenon at the molecular and cellular levels. Bulbils formed 14-45 d after induction and were associated with rearrangements in tissue structure and accelerated cell multiplication. Changes at the cellular level during bulbil ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq215
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deschampsia antarctica has managed to colonize the maritime Antarctic. One of the main factors associated with its tolerance to low temperatures is the presence of apoplastic proteins with antifreeze activity. This work focuses on the effect of cold acclimation of D. antarctica on the accumulation of apoplastic protei...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa071
更新日期:2020-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of ionically bound peroxidases from an asparagus spear increased from 5-24 h post-harvest. Isoelectric focusing showed that the post-harvest increase of the total peroxidase activity was due to the increase of several distinct isoperoxidases. Concomitantly, a decrease in the activity of two anionic peroxi...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erg253
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In maize, water stress at flowering causes loss of kernel set and productivity. While changes in the levels of sugars and abscisic acid (ABA) are thought to play a role in this stress response, the mechanistic basis and genes involved are not known. A candidate gene approach was used with association mapping to identi...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq308
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that affects many processes of plant growth and development. During vascular development, ethylene positively regulates cambial cell division in parallel with tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor (TDIF) peptide signaling. In this study, we identified an ethylene overproduci...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa423
更新日期:2020-12-31 00:00:00
abstract::Mesophyll conductance is thought to be an important photosynthetic limitation in gymnosperms, but they currently constitute the most understudied plant group in regard to the extent to which photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency are limited by mesophyll conductance. A comprehensive analysis of leaf gas exc...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erx045
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phi thickenings are specialized secondary walls found in root cortical cells. Despite their widespread occurrence throughout the plant kingdom, these specialized thickenings remain poorly understood. First identified by Van Tieghem in 1871, phi thickenings are a lignified and thickened cell wall band that is deposited...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erz240
更新日期:2019-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Water is a principal limitation to agricultural production during drought and in arid regions of the world. Mechanisms that plants use to cope with drought can be grouped into two different strategies: drought tolerance and drought avoidance. Previous efforts toward engineering plants for improved performance during d...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jexbot/53.369.699
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil fertility provides the foundation for nutritious food production and resilient and sustainable livelihoods. A comprehensive survey and summit meeting were conducted with the aims of understanding barriers to enhancing soil fertility in sub-Saharan Africa and providing evidence-based recommendations. The focus reg...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erz446
更新日期:2020-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::In grapevine, stimulation of defence responses was evidenced in response to various types of abiotic stresses in both leaves and berries, as revealed by the increasing expression of genes encoding defence-related proteins or the stimulation of their corresponding activities. However, the capability of inflorescences t...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ern361
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00