Abstract：
:Botulinum toxin is an agent that is typically encountered in two settings: as an agent that can cause disease (e.g. botulism), and as an agent that can be used to treat disease (i.e., a variety of neurologic disorders). In both cases it would be advantageous to develop a sound understanding of the mechanisms by which antibodies neutralize the toxin. In the present study, recombinant antigens were used to generate antibodies against the carboxyterminal half of the toxin heavy chain (HC50), the entire toxin light chain (LC), and the HA17, HA35 and HA70 components of the progenitor toxin complex. These antibodies were then evaluated for their respective abilities to alter botulinum toxin-induced changes in locomotor behavior in mice. The botulinum toxin type A complex was shown to produce dose-dependent depression of locomotor behavior within the dose range of 0.3-0.7 mouse LD50 units. At a dose of 0.5 LD50, the toxin typically reduced running behavior by 90% or more, and full recovery was not observed for approximately 4 weeks. Mice that were actively or passively vaccinated against the HC50 polypeptide were resistant to toxin action, presumably because the antibodies occluded the toxin binding domain. Interestingly, mice that were actively or passively vaccinated against LC were also resistant to toxin action. This effect may have been due to steric hindrance of the binding process. There was no scenario in which anti-HA antibodies altered the effects of toxin on locomotor behavior. This absence of effect was likely due to the fact that HAs and neurotoxin in the progenitor toxin complex spontaneously dissociate in physiologic media.
journal_name
Neurosciencejournal_title
Neuroscienceauthors
Joshi SG,Elias M,Singh A,Al-Saleem FH,Ancharski D,Nasser Z,Takahashi T,Simpson LLdoi
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.01.033subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-04-14 00:00:00pages
208-22eissn
0306-4522issn
1873-7544pii
S0306-4522(11)00056-Xjournal_volume
179pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROSCIENCE文献大全abstract：:Mental function has as its cerebral basis a specific dynamic structure. In particular, cortical and limbic areas involved in "higher brain functions" such as learning, memory, perception, self-awareness and consciousness continuously need to be self-adjusted even after development is completed. By this lifelong self-o...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00516-9
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons in the primary visual cortex are often classified as either simple or complex based on the linearity (or otherwise) of their response to spatial luminance contrast. In practice, classification is typically based on Fourier analysis of a cell's response to an optimal drifting sine-wave grating. Simple cells are...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.030
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unlike mammals, adult urodele amphibians can regenerate their spinal cord and associated ganglia, but the molecular mechanisms controlling regeneration are not fully understood. We have recently shown that expression of FGF2, a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, is induced in the progenitor cells of the re...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00321-4
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Loyez' myelin stain sometimes impregnates the perikarya and processes of neurons. This is rare in normal adult mice, but can be provoked by various means including electrical stimulation and mild ischaemia shortly before fixation. Passing a direct current or a train of pulses across the dura of the cerebral cortex pro...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4522(87)90172-2
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of smilagenin (SMI) (PYM50028), a sapogenin compound originally identified from Chinese medicinal herb, on dopamine neurons and locomotor ability in aged rats. Experiments were carried out on young and aged Sprague-Dawley rats, which were daily administered with either ...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.028
更新日期：2013-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the most replicated findings has been that hippocampus volume is decreased in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest that localized differences in hippocampal volume may be more prominent than global differences. Preclinical and post-mor...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.047
更新日期：2015-11-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was investigated in the present study to examine whether it could affect the activation status of microglia under microenvironment of spinal cord injury and provide a potential therapeutic treatment for spinal cord injury. We established mouse spinal cord hemisection model...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.047
更新日期：2013-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute osmolar loading of cerebrospinal fluid within one lateral ventricle of dogs was examined as a cause of water extraction from the bloodstream and an increase in intracranial pressure. We have shown that a certain amount of (3)H₂O from the bloodstream enters osmotically loaded cerebrospinal fluid significantly fas...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.022
更新日期：2013-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Migraine attacks are typically described as unilateral, throbbing pain that is usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and exaggerated sensitivities to light, noise and smell. The headache phase of a migraine attack is mediated by activation of the trigeminovascular pathway; a nociceptive pathway that originates in t...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.014
更新日期：2013-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:While the effects of progesterone in the CNS, like those of estrogen, have generally been considered within the context of reproductive function, growing evidence supports its importance in regulating non-reproductive functions including cognition and affect. In addition, progesterone has well-described protective eff...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.056
更新日期：2013-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Skilled performance and acquisition is dependent upon afferent input to motor cortex. The present study used short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) to probe how manipulation of sensory afference by attention affects different circuits projecting to pyramidal tract neurons in motor cortex. SAI was assessed in the firs...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.028
更新日期：2017-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of intense noise exposure on the classical auditory pathway have been extensively investigated; however, little is known about the effects of noise-induced hearing loss on non-classical auditory areas in the brain such as the lateral amygdala (LA) and striatum (Str). To address this issue, we compared the ...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.005
更新日期：2016-02-19 00:00:00
abstract：:D2 receptor null mutant (Drd2(-/-)) mice have altered responses to the rewarding and locomotor effects of psychostimulant drugs, which is evidence of a necessary role for D2 receptors in these behaviors. Furthermore, work with mice that constitutively express only the D2 receptor short form (D2S), as a result of genet...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.035
更新日期：2013-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The polarization of neuronal trees by external point stimulation is modelled. In one form of model, an almost spheroidal field encloses the dendritic tree. Radially projecting, electrically linear dendrites, along with extracellular medium, are considered to occupy the entire field. The spheroid is modified by a penet...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4522(89)90306-0
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression by degrading target mRNAs or inhibiting translation. Although many miRNAs play important roles in various conditions, it is unclear whether miRNAs are involved in motor nerve regeneration. In this study, we identified the possible implication of...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.055
更新日期：2014-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray is implicated as a component of the neuronal network for audiogenic seizure. This implication is based on immunocytochemical labeling of the proto-oncogene, c-fos, and microinjection studies in the severe substrain of genetically epilepsy-prone rats that exhibits tonic seizures. T...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00551-4
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cholecystokinin binding sites were labeled with [3H]cholecystokinin-8, [125I]cholecystokinin-33, and [125I]cholecystokinin-8 in major structures of macaque basal ganglia by in vitro receptor autoradiography. Analysis of autoradiograms revealed areas of heavy cholecystokinin binding in the neostriatum and substantia ni...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4522(90)90375-e
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kinetic properties of synaptic depression were analysed for excitatory postsynaptic potentials in neuron number 3 in the right pallial ganglion of Helix pomatia. It was observed that long-term depression did not only suppress the amplitudes of excitatory postsynaptic potentials but also changed the kinetics of short-t...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4522(96)00104-2
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early life experiences, particularly the experience with parents, are crucial to phenotypic outcomes in both humans and animals. Although the effects of maternal deprivation on offspring well-being have been studied, paternal deprivation (PD) has received little attention despite documented associations between father...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.011
更新日期：2017-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of centrifugal afferents on membrane potentials of identified granule cell layer using evoked field potential profiles, and trans-synaptic activation via antidromic stimulation of output cell axon collaterals. Intracellular recordings maintained for 4-30 min showed complex spontaneous spike discharges and ...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4522(92)90496-o
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglia, the resident tissue macrophages of the central nervous system, have a highly differentiated morphology and do not express many of the antigens typically associated with other tissue macrophages. Activation of microglia is associated with a change in morphology and an increase in their repertoire of antigen ...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4522(93)90353-h
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis that attention deficits induced by the hypofunction of N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) might be associated with increased glutamate release and changes in the phosphorylation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein on serine 133 (p-S(13...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.060
更新日期：2011-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The rat brain was examined immunocytochemically for estrogen-dependent changes of oxytocin immunoreactivity at the light microscopical level. Ovariectomized rats were treated with subcutaneous silastic implants with estradiol, or empty implants as controls for 2 days (short term treatment). Another group of rats was i...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4522(88)90022-x
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prenatal exposures to a variety of infections have been associated with an increased incidence of schizophrenia. We have reported that a single injection of the synthetic cytokine releaser PolyI:C to pregnant mice produced offspring that exhibited multiple schizophrenia-related behavioral deficits in adulthood. Here, ...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.07.029
更新日期：2006-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased energy food consumption during early-life has been associated with memory impairment. Swimming training has been reported to improve memory processes in rodent models. This study aimed to evaluate whether moderate-intensity swimming training counteracts learning and memory impairment in young mice fed a high...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.023
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A dysfunction of noradrenergic mechanisms originating in the locus coeruleus has been hypothesised to be the critical factor underlying the evolution of central neurodegenerative diseases [Colpaert FC (1994) Noradrenergic mechanism Parkinson's disease: a theory. In: Noradrenergic mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (Bri...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00757-1
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to investigate whether an objective measure of freezing of gait (FOG) using a validated alternating stepping in place (SIP) task, is related to executive and/or visuospatial cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS:We studied prospectively 30 PD subjects with the U...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.007
更新日期：2012-09-27 00:00:00
abstract：:A diet high in total fat (HF) reduces hippocampal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a crucial modulator of synaptic plasticity, and a predictor of learning efficacy. We have evaluated the capacity of voluntary exercise to interact with the effects of diet at the molecular level. Animal groups were ex...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.09.020
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Striatal dopamine D2 receptors activate the PLC → IP3 → Calcineurin-signaling pathway to modulate the neural excitability of En+ Medium-sized Spiny GABAergic neurons (MSN) through the regulation of L-type Ca2+ channels. Presynaptic dopaminergic D2 receptors modulate GABA release at striatopallidal terminals through L-...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.041
更新日期：2018-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebral ischemia is the most common cause of stroke with high morbidity, disability and mortality. Sirtuin-2 (Sirt2), a vitally important NAD+-dependent deacetylase which has been widely researched in central nervous system diseases, has also been identified as a promising treatment target using its specific inhibito...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.040
更新日期：2018-03-15 00:00:00
