Abstract：
:Effective management of tuberculosis (TB) in children and important data of disease burden continue to rely on a clinical approach to diagnosis, as diagnosis of childhood TB is not confirmed in the majority. Many diagnostic scoring systems have been developed to aid with diagnosis. This article reviews the use and evaluation of these approaches. The diagnostic systems are often closely related and all rely on the well-known clinical features associated with TB disease in children. The scoring systems are not well validated and validation is limited by the lack of a gold standard for comparison. When they have been validated, some systems perform reasonably well but may bias to identify the most obvious clinical cases. They perform less well in important sub-groups that pose the greatest diagnostic challenge and are at greatest risk for poor outcome, such as the young, malnourished or HIV-infected. There is marked variation in performance between these diagnostic approaches. The better validated systems may have a role as a screening tool in some settings, but this would need careful consideration as to the most useful and safest approach. More attention is being given to improving diagnosis and management of child TB, including within National TB Programmes. Research with new diagnostics should include children so that there is less reliance on clinical features alone. However, the clinical approach will continue to be relevant and so it is important to strive to improve the diagnostic approach to TB in children, and to validate the approach in different settings.
journal_name
Indian J Pediatrjournal_title
Indian journal of pediatricsauthors
Graham SMdoi
10.1007/s12098-010-0307-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-03-01 00:00:00pages
334-9issue
3eissn
0019-5456issn
0973-7693journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of early erythropoietin treatment on induction of erythropoiesis and the need for transfusion in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants with acute neonatal problems. METHODS:The study group consisted of 14 VLBW prematures with gestational ages less than 32 weeks who were given subcuta...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02722624
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The OMENS syndrome involves craniofacial maldevelopment of the orbit, ear cranial nerve and soft tissue, while OMENS-plus syndrome also includes extracraniofacial anomalies. These may be skeletal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, renal and central nervous system malformations. A fourteen-year-old girl pres...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02724084
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The post eighteen months have been exciting time for craniosynostosis research. In a rapid flurry of publications, mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have been identified in three of the best known craniosynostosis syndromes, namely Apert, Crouzon and Pfeiffer syndromes, as well as in Jackson-Weis...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02751527
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate all steps of pulse polio immunization on special sub national immunization day. METHODS:On a sub-national immunization day (SNID), 120 booths were randomly selected from 662 booths by probability proportionate to size (PPS) sampling technique. RESULTS:It was observed that attendance in the distr...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12098-009-0025-1
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the neural tube defects incidence of spinabifida and myelomeningocele is less in twins compared to singletons. This article reports a case of dizygotic twins with myelomeningocele, a rare occurrence. Possible association of twining and neural tube defects and its impact on genetic counseling in such cases has be...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02725595
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To conduct a community survey to understand the prevalence and type of developmental delay/disability among a representative state wide community sample of children below 3 y. METHODS:A state wide community based cross sectional survey was done with the help of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12098-014-1579-0
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a preterm neonate who developed congenital rubella syndrome in a mother who had rubella at 5 months of gestation. An amniocentesis was done in the mother at that time but amniotic fluid rubella PCR was negative. Thus, inspite of prenatal screening, one cannot definitely conclude absence of perinatal transmi...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12098-009-0312-x
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial resistance is a key factor leading to emerging/ re-emerging infections. Rational antimicrobial therapy or antimicrobial stewardship is one of the important interventions to prevent emergence of resistance. Choosing correct empiric therapy is crucial not only to prevent antimicrobial resistance but also t...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12098-019-03144-7
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The natural history of the univentricular physiology is determined primarily by the presence (severity) or absence of obstruction to pulmonary blood flow and secondarily by the single ventricular cardiomyopathy that develops in response to chronic volume overload. Important obstruction to pulmonary blood flow will aff...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02760487
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic counseling is a process of communicating medical aspects about a genetic disorder, especially the information regarding risk of occurrence as recurrence of the disease in the family and preventive options. Accurate diagnosis of the affected member is of paramount importance for genetic counseling. Special gene...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02723098
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 2447 asymptomatic school children by microscopic examination of urine and culture of a clear voided midstream specimen of urine. Only three children had bacteriuria (0.12%). Urographic abnormalities were detected in both the cases, which could be investigated. This study has shown that asymptomatic bacteriu...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02749724
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is an effective therapy for children and adolescents with chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). For the majority of patients with CML in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), imatinib is the TKI of choice for reasons of cost, availability, and experience. C...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12098-020-03234-x
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypoglycemia in a neonate is defined as blood sugar value below 40 mg/dL. It is commonly associated with a variety of neonatal conditions like prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction and maternal diabetes. Screening for hypoglycemia in high-risk situations is recommended. Supervised breast-feeding may be an initi...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12098-010-0175-1
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caroli's disease is a rare congenital disorder and occasional cases have been reported from Japan and other parts of Asia. It comprises of congenital dilation of the lower (segmental) intrahepatic bile duct. Cholangitis liver, cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma are its potential complication. A case of caroli's disease ...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02825490
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amoebiasis, a common parasitic infection in the tropics is most commonly associated with solitary liver abscess. Multiple hepatic, splenic and renal abscesses are a very rare presentation of extraintestinal amoebiasis in children. The authors report a 6-y-old girl who presented with a febrile illness, hepatosplenomega...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12098-011-0548-0
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of the study is to report a unique association of clinical and pathological findings in a neonate. Foregut enteric duplication cysts--rare developmental anomalies that are associated with midline vertebral fusion anomalies. METHODS:We had a neonate with foregut duplication cyst who presented at b...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02726014
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although Kawasaki disease (KD) is now being increasingly reported from India, the vast majority of children with KD are still not being diagnosed and treated. A recent study from Chandigarh has shown that the incidence of KD is at least 4.54/100,000 children below 15 y of age. Extrapolations of this figure suggest tha...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12098-013-1229-y
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the antenatal profile of the mother and the immediate neonatal morbidity and mortality till discharge. METHODS:The study was a retrospective analysis of 92 patients of preterm labour who delivered babies weighing RESULTS:A total of 92 mothers in preterm labour at 26 to 34 weeks were admitted and...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02898441
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article aims to describe the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) being carried out in India with its first round during 1992-93 (NFHS-I) and second round during 1998-99 (NFHS-II), with special reference to information available in relation to children. The survey was on lines of the existing systems of Demograph...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02722355
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors describe a new case of the split notochord syndrome (SNS) with dorsal enteric fistula in an eight-month-old-boy. The child had also central nervous system anomalies including dysgenetic corpus callosum, absence of septum pellucidum, triventricular hydrocephalus, small posterior fossa, and lipomyelomeningoc...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02722716
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the iron profile and find out an accurate diagnostic tool which reflects iron status in different types of infection in severely malnourished children aged 12 months to 71 months. METHODS:Hundred and Eight (108) children of whom 72 children were infected and 36 non infected severely malnourished chi...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12098-009-0098-x
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) of childhood. Only a minority of patients with FAP seek medical attention, often presenting to the primary care physician while symptoms are still evolving. The bio-psychosocial model of treatment not only aims to a...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12098-016-2111-5
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare oral co-amoxiclav with injectable ampicillin and amikacin for the management of asymptomatic neonates born to mothers with risk factors for infection. METHODS:This open label, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital on neonates of gestational age ≥ 34 wk with...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12098-020-03412-x
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of all types of spacers commonly available to children in India. METHODS:150 children 5-14 yr of age with persistent asthma presenting with peak expiratory flow (PEF) < 70% of personal best were randomized to receive 200 mg salbutamol through one of five spacers: A) 750 ml spacer with...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s12098-007-0112-0
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the effect of parental training on disturbed behavior of early childhood cases presented to the pediatricians. METHODS:The patients who reported in pediatric OPD of the Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, with complaints of low learning, poor memory, vertigo, speech problem, stress,...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12098-011-0401-5
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fever with rashes is one of the commonest clinical problems a general practitioner or pediatrician has to face in day-to-day clinical practice. It can be a mild viral illness or a life-threatening illness like meningococcemia or Dengue hemorrhagic fever or it can be one with a lifelong consequence like Kawasaki diseas...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12098-017-2459-1
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital heart diseases have varied presentations depending on the age of presentation. Regression of neonatal pulmonary hypertension and the timing of establishment of left to right shunt determines the onset of symptoms. Pre-tricuspid shunts generally remain asymptomatic during the childhood while large post-tricu...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12098-020-03251-w
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:In this pilot study, the authors developed and evaluated a working memory intervention (WMI) using a combination of mobile phone-based application and an activity booklet, among children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. METHODS:Pre- and post-intervention cognitive evaluation at 8 wk included: subtests ...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12098-020-03653-w
更新日期：2021-01-09 00:00:00
abstract：:This review is to summarize recent developments in the field of mycobacteriology since the diagnosis of tuberculosis remains elusive in spite of our best efforts and great scientific advances. Progress has been made in further improving upon the age old, time tested traditional techniques like microscopy (Auramine-Rho...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Resistance to antimicrobial agents, which was recognized more than 50 years, continues to be a major cause of increased morbidity, mortality and health care cost. Overuse of antibiotics is considered the major contributing factor; however, poor implementation of infection control measures, prolonged hospitalization, a...
journal_title：Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02724275
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
