Abstract:
BACKGROUND:For many regularly used drugs, evidence for safe use in pregnancy has not been established. Despite this, international studies have identified high levels of drug prescribing among pregnant women. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the patterns of prescribing of drugs to women who gave birth in Tayside, Scotland, in 2007. METHODS:Scottish maternity records were linked to dispensed prescribing data for all women who gave birth in Tayside in 2007. Drugs prescribed were coded according to the US FDA classification for risks of drugs in pregnancy. Patterns of prescribing were investigated during the 3 trimesters of pregnancy and the 3 months prior to conception. RESULTS:Prescribing in pregnancy was common, with 21 093 prescriptions dispensed to 3356 (85.2%) of the 3937 women. The most frequently prescribed drugs were antacids, antibacterials, oral iron, folic acid preparations and analgesics. Category A drugs (positive evidence of safety in pregnancy) and Category B drugs (some evidence of safety in pregnancy) accounted for 19.6% and 26.9% of all prescriptions dispensed, respectively. Prescribing of Category X drugs (evidence of risk to the fetus; use contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant) during pregnancy was rare, with 112 prescriptions dispensed to 68 women (1.7%). Most of these were oral contraceptives or sex hormones. Prescribing of Category X drugs fell markedly during the first trimester and remained very low thereafter. Category D drugs (evidence of risk to the fetus but benefits of therapy may outweigh the potential risk) [432] were dispensed to 166 women (4.2%) during pregnancy. The most commonly prescribed Category D drugs were anxiolytics, nicotine replacement therapy and antiepileptic drugs. The frequency of prescribing of Category D drugs reduced in the third trimester. Prescribing of Category C drugs (insufficient evidence to know whether they are harmful) was common. Thirty percent of women received a total of 3641 Category C prescriptions, which accounted for 17.3% of all prescriptions issued during pregnancy. Prescribing of Category C drugs showed only a very modest decline during pregnancy. No FDA code was available for 4035 prescriptions issued (87 different items), the majority of which were for antacids and preparations for indigestion. More than 40% of women received such medications. CONCLUSIONS:Prescribing of drugs during pregnancy was very common, but the levels of prescribing of drugs that are known to be harmful were low. Much of the prescribing was for drugs related to the pregnancy. While this study provides some evidence that primary-care prescribers in Tayside are prescribing potentially harmful drugs appropriately and with caution during pregnancy, safety data during pregnancy are unavailable for many drugs that are commonly prescribed.
journal_name
Drug Safjournal_title
Drug safetyauthors
Irvine L,Flynn RW,Libby G,Crombie IK,Evans JMdoi
10.2165/11532330-000000000-00000subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-07-01 00:00:00pages
593-604issue
7eissn
0114-5916issn
1179-1942pii
7journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
DRUG SAFETY文献大全abstract::Thallium poisoning seldom occurs in Spain. This article reports 5 cases of thallium poisoning, of which 4 of the patients belonged to the same family. The cases occurred in or near Granada between 1985 and 1987. The symptoms were initially gastrointestinal (vomiting, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, etc.)...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-199005050-00006
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacovigilance is the science of monitoring the effects of medicinal products to identify and evaluate potential adverse reactions and provide necessary and timely risk mitigation measures. Intelligent automation technologies have a strong potential to automate routine work and to balance resource use across safety...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-020-01030-2
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Safe and effective treatment of major depression, one of the most common comorbid conditions in individuals infected with HIV, significantly lowers morbidity and mortality from HIV disease. However, optimal treatment of both conditions is complicated by interactions between the disease processes as well as the pharmac...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200528090-00002
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transdermal devices are now marketed for the delivery of systemic medication through the skin. Advantages associated with transdermal drug delivery include avoidance of first-pass metabolism and improved patient compliance. Drugs currently available by this route include scopolamine (hyoscine), nitroglycerin (glyceryl...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199410020-00004
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most frequently reported symptoms in heart failure are fatigue and dyspnoea, which limit exercise tolerance. However, several surveys reveal other changes in physical and psychological well-being which affect the patient's perception of 'quality of life'. The introduction of new treatments for heart failure has st...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199106040-00002
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:The therapeutic role of fecal microbiota transplantation in ulcerative colitis varies across different reports. This study aims to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of a strategy called step-up fecal microbiota transplantation for ulcerative colitis. METHODS:Two clinical trials (NCT...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-019-00809-2
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E(1) analogue, is widely used in the US and other countries for cervical ripening and labour induction. Its use for these indications is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The manufacturer of misoprostol issued a letter to American healthcare providers in August 200...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200225090-00005
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients receiving warfarin therapy are discouraged from taking herbal medicines. Whether patients adhere to this advice and, if they do not, the types of products they use, are not known. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this observational study was to estimate the magnitude of use of herbal medicines among Chin...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200326080-00004
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhythm control in atrial fibrillation (AF) can be achieved using pharmacological therapy. Amiodarone is the most efficacious anti-arrhythmic agent; however, its use is limited due to an unfavourable safety profile, including pro-arrhythmia, thyroid, liver, skin and pulmonary complications. Dronedarone, which is struct...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-012-0012-8
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monobactams and carbapenems are 2 classes of beta-lactam antibiotics that were introduced in the 1980s. This review considers the monobactam aztreonam and the carbapenems imipenem and meropenem. Imipenem is administered together with cilastatin, which inhibits the enzymatic breakdown of imipenem in the kidney. The ant...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199512050-00003
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To estimate the frequency of adverse effects associated with the use of the transdermal nicotine patch, we abstracted and analysed data from 47 reports of 35 clinical trials. The meta-analysis presented here represents a synthesis of data from 41 groups of nicotine patch recipients totalling 5501 patients, and 33 grou...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2165/00002018-199818040-00005
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several recent case control studies have shown an excess rate of venous thromboembolism in women using third generation progestogen-containing combined contraceptive pills compared to second generation combined contraceptive pills. This excess is about 1 in 10,000 women per year of use. It is likely that second and th...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-199716020-00001
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Communications about the safety and effectiveness of human drugs can influence patients' and prescribers' perceptions and behaviors, which in turn can affect the public's health more broadly. We conducted a critical review of the literature on the unintended effects from communicating information to the public about s...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-019-00840-3
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:One-third of adults in the USA experience chronic pain and use a variety of painkillers, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, and opioids. However, some serious adverse events (AEs), such as cardiovascular incidents, overdose, and death, have been found to be related to pai...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-017-0611-5
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The Bradford Hill criteria are a widely used, useful tool for the assessment of biomedical causation. We have examined their application to pharmacovigilance using the example of cisapride-induced QTc interval prolongation/arrhythmia. METHODS:A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Reacti...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2165/00002018-200730040-00006
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Romiplostim is a subcutaneously administered thrombopoietin-receptor agonist approved in the European Union for self-administration (or administration by a caregiver) in selected adult patients with chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia refractory to other treatments. To mitigate the risk of medication e...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s40264-018-0723-6
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody approved for treating CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis but is used off-label for treating many autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Similarly to other monoclonal antibodies, the incidence of infusion-related reactions ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11585960-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are a frequent occurrence and have been reported in more than 2% of hospitalised patients. Among the most commonly involved drugs are sulphonamides, penicillins, anticonvulsants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Two groups of mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of drug...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199005010-00005
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This 'Erice Call for Change' is a report from a group of experts, patients and patient representatives who met in Erice in September 2019 following previous similar meetings after the original Erice Declaration (1996). The aim of the meeting was to discuss the challenge of causal complexity and individual variation in...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-020-00919-2
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:As asthma medications are frequently prescribed for children, knowledge of the safety of these drugs in the paediatric population is important. Although spontaneous reports cannot be used to prove causality of adverse events, they are important in the detection of safety signals. OBJECTIVE:Our objective w...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-019-00870-x
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The entire drug safety enterprise has a need to search, retrieve, evaluate, and synthesize scientific evidence more efficiently. This discovery and synthesis process would be greatly accelerated through access to a common framework that brings all relevant information sources together within a standardized structure. ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-014-0189-0
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of MedDRA, the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities, as a standardised terminology may have a major impact on the performance of risk management. Thus, MedDRA is likely to have an important effect on the analysis of clinical trial safety data. Review of the most commonly used terms in clinical...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200427080-00010
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Spontaneous reports of suspected adverse drug reactions to regulatory bodies and market authorization holders are important in pharmacovigilance. Follow-up information, which can be difficult to obtain, is often required from reporters; therefore, we developed targeted follow-up letters that we hoped would m...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11318940-000000000-00000
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pelargonium (Pelargonium sidoides DC and P. reniforme Curtis) is reported to have immune modulating properties and antibacterial activity, and Pelargonium extracts have been used for the treatment of respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections. Introduced in the early 1980s in Germany, Umckaloabo (ISO Arzneimitt...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200730080-00004
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Even though existing antiepileptic drugs can render 80% of newly diagnosed patients seizure free, a significant number of patients have chronic intractable epilepsy causing disability with considerable socioeconomic implications. There is, therefore, a need fo...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199411010-00005
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Gastric acid-related symptoms are highly prevalent in the general population (21-40%), and more than 11% of individuals use medication for the treatment of these symptoms. The uptake of micronutrients is dependent on the gastrointestinal potential of hydrogen (pH). OBJECTIVE:We hypothesized that medicatio...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-016-0488-8
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Pharmacovigilance requirements for biologics mandate that EU Member States shall ensure that any biologic that is the subject of a suspected adverse drug reaction (ADR) is identifiable by brand name and batch number. Recent studies showed that brand name identification is well established, wh...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-015-0383-8
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 评论,信件
doi:10.1007/s40264-018-0670-2
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylphenidate is the most widely use psychotropic medication in children in the US. It is both well tolerated and efficacious in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and is associated with few serious adverse effects. However, the abuse of methylphenidate for the purpose of experiencing a 'high...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199717030-00001
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropsychiatric adverse effects related to potent antiretroviral therapy are among the complications that can lead to poor adherence, treatment interruptions, or change of antiretroviral therapy regimens. For a historical perspective, we review early literature and case reports with CNS adverse effects attributed to ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200629100-00004
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00