Semisynthetic cytochrome c.

abstract：:The up-regulation of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-24-hydroxylase by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] is well established and occurs at the transcriptional level through two vitamin D response elements in the promoter of the gene. However, the mechanism of down-regulation of the 24-hydroxylase by parathyroid ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zierold C,Mings JA,DeLuca HF

更新日期：2001-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidative stress induced in live HeLa cells by menadione (2-methyl-1,4-napthaquinone) was studied in real time by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The hydrophobic molecule menadione diffuses through a living cell membrane where it is toxic to the cell. However, in the cell it is conjugated with glutathione ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Koley D,Bard AJ

更新日期：2012-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Helper T (Th) cells are classified as Th1 or Th2 cells by virtue of cytokine secretion and function as mediators of cellular or humoral immunity, respectively. Cytokines also regulate the differentiation of Th cells. For example, interleukin (IL)-12 promotes Th1 and suppresses Th2 cell development, suggesting that IL-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Milich DR,Wolf SF,Hughes JL,Jones JE

更新日期：1995-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:TGF-beta-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), also known as MAPKK kinase-7 (MAP3K7), is a candidate effector of multiple circuits in cardiac biology and disease. Here, we show that inhibition of TAK1 in mice by a cardiac-specific dominant-negative mutation evokes electrophysiological and biochemical properties reminiscent of hu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xie M,Zhang D,Dyck JR,Li Y,Zhang H,Morishima M,Mann DL,Taffet GE,Baldini A,Khoury DS,Schneider MD

更新日期：2006-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased accumulation of lipofuscin in cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is seen in several forms of macular degeneration, a common cause of blindness in humans. A major fluorophore of lipofuscin is the toxic bis-retinoid, N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E). Previously, we generated mice with a kn...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mata NL,Weng J,Travis GH

更新日期：2000-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:T-box riboswitches control transcription of downstream genes through the tRNA-binding formation of terminator or antiterminator structures. Previously reported T-boxes were described as single-specificity riboswitches that can bind specific tRNA anticodons through codon-anticodon interactions with the nucleotide tripl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saad NY,Stamatopoulou V,Brayé M,Drainas D,Stathopoulos C,Becker HD

更新日期：2013-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas the importance of macrophages in chronic inflammatory diseases is well recognized, there is an increasing awareness that neutrophils may also play an important role. In addition to the well-documented heterogeneity of macrophage phenotypes and functions, neutrophils also show remarkable phenotypic diversity am...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weiss M,Byrne AJ,Blazek K,Saliba DG,Pease JE,Perocheau D,Feldmann M,Udalova IA

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuropeptide oxytocin has played an essential role in the regulation of social behavior and attachment throughout mammalian evolution. Because recent studies in humans have shown that oxytocin administration reduces stress responses and increases prosocial behavior, we investigated whether a common single nucleoti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen FS,Kumsta R,von Dawans B,Monakhov M,Ebstein RP,Heinrichs M

更新日期：2011-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Although mathematical models and laboratory experiments have shown that species interactions can generate chaos, field evidence of chaos in natural ecosystems is rare. We report on a pristine rocky intertidal community located in one of the world's oldest marine reserves that has displayed a complex cyclic succession ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Benincà E,Ballantine B,Ellner SP,Huisman J

更新日期：2015-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal mammary epithelial cells from BALB/cfC3H midpregnant mice were freed from stromal cell types by Percoll density gradient centrifugation after collagenase digestion and were then embedded within collagen gels. Sustained growth leading to an increase in cell number was accomplished in response to cholera toxin an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang J,Richards J,Guzman R,Imagawa W,Nandi S

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Addition of acetylcholine to growing cultures of mouse neuroblastoma cells induced a 37-fold increase in the specific activity of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). Morphological changes, consisting of neurite-extensions, were also observed during the logarithmic phase of growth of cells stimulated with acetylcholine....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harkins J,Arsenault M,Schlesinger K,Kates J

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a synthetic adaptation of the fibrillar adhesion surfaces found in nature. The structure consists of protruding fibrils topped by a thin plate and shows an experimentally measured enhancement in adhesion energy of up to a factor of 9 over a flat control. Additionally, this structure solves the robustness pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Glassmaker NJ,Jagota A,Hui CY,Noderer WL,Chaudhury MK

更新日期：2007-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose entry, as measured by 5-min uptake into the acid-soluble fraction, is enhanced 15-30 times by long-term (12-24 hr) hexose starvation of chick fibroblasts. The rate of galactose accumulation in the cells increases only 5 times under the same conditions of starvation. Several carbon and energy sources that were ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Martineau R,Kohlbacher M,Shaw SN,Amos H

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper studies the cathodic corrosion of a spherical single crystal of platinum in an aqueous alkaline electrolyte, to map out the detailed facet dependence of the corrosion structures forming during this still largely unexplored electrochemical phenomenon. We find that anisotropic corrosion of the platinum electr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arulmozhi N,Hersbach TJP,Koper MTM

更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent anti-inflammatory agents that block cytokine production. We investigated whether GCs also block cytokine signaling via the Janus kinase (Jak)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. Dexamethasone inhibited IL-2-induced DNA binding, tyrosine phosphorylation, and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bianchi M,Meng C,Ivashkiv LB

更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The chemotaxis network in Escherichia coli is remarkable for its sensitivity to small relative changes in the concentrations of multiple chemical signals. We present a model for signal integration by mixed clusters of interacting two-state chemoreceptors. Our model results compare favorably to the results obtained by ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Keymer JE,Endres RG,Skoge M,Meir Y,Wingreen NS

更新日期：2006-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The maturation of 5S RNA in Escherichia coli is poorly understood. Although it is known that large precursors of 5S RNA accumulate in mutant cells lacking the endoribonuclease-RNase E, almost nothing is known about how the mature 5' and 3' termini of these molecules are generated. We have examined 5S RNA maturation in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li Z,Deutscher MP

更新日期：1995-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene encoding the rice transcription factor, REB (rice endosperm bZIP) was cloned from a bacterial artificial chromosome library of rice. The cloned 6,227-bp-long Reb gene is composed of six exons and five introns and is flanked by a 1.2-kb 5' promoter and a 1.2-kb 3' terminator region. The function of the Reb gen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang D,Wu L,Hwang YS,Chen L,Huang N

更新日期：2001-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:We have determined the general constraints that govern sequence divergence in proteins that retain entirely, or very largely, the same structure and function. To do this we collected data from three different groups of orthologous sequences: those found in humans and mice, in humans and chickens, and in Escherichia co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sasidharan R,Chothia C

更新日期：2007-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Two-component signal transduction systems are most often found in prokaryotic organisms where they are responsible for mediating the cellular responses to many environmental stimuli. These systems are composed of an autophosphorylating histidine kinase and a response regulator. We have found evidence for the existence...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alex LA,Borkovich KA,Simon MI

更新日期：1996-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, we describe the structure of chitinase B from Serratia marcescens, which consists of a catalytic domain with a TIM-barrel fold and a 49-residue C-terminal chitin-binding domain. This chitinase is the first structure of a bacterial exochitinase, and it represents one of only a few examples of a glycosyl ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Aalten DM,Synstad B,Brurberg MB,Hough E,Riise BW,Eijsink VG,Wierenga RK

更新日期：2000-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS that causes disability in young adults as a result of the irreversible accumulation of neurological deficits. Although there are potent disease-modifying agents for its initial relapsing-remitting phase, these therapies show limited...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rothhammer V,Kenison JE,Tjon E,Takenaka MC,de Lima KA,Borucki DM,Chao CC,Wilz A,Blain M,Healy L,Antel J,Quintana FJ

更新日期：2017-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:We have recently discovered that cationic cholesterol derivatives characterized by guanidinium polar headgroups are very efficient for gene transfection in vitro and in vivo. In spite of being based on some rationale at the molecular level, the development of these new synthetic vectors was nevertheless empirical. Ind...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pitard B,Oudrhiri N,Vigneron JP,Hauchecorne M,Aguerre O,Toury R,Airiau M,Ramasawmy R,Scherman D,Crouzet J,Lehn JM,Lehn P

更新日期：1999-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The kainate receptor (KAR), a subtype of glutamate receptor, mediates excitatory synaptic responses at a subset of glutamatergic synapses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the trafficking of its different subunits are poorly understood. Here we use the CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cell, which lacks KAR-mediat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sheng N,Shi YS,Nicoll RA

更新日期：2017-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The coding sequence for Anabaena 7120 glutamine synthetase [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.1.1] are shown to be contained within a 7.5-kilobase-pair (kbp) HindIII fragment that has been cloned by plaque hybridization. The hybridization probe for the cyanobacterial gene was a recombinant plasmid conta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fisher R,Tuli R,Haselkorn R

更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucocorticoids are commonly used antiinflammatory agents whose use is limited by side effects. We have developed a series of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligands that retain the strong antiinflammatory activity of conventional glucocorticoids with reduced side effects. We present a compound, LGD5552, that binds the r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miner JN,Ardecky B,Benbatoul K,Griffiths K,Larson CJ,Mais DE,Marschke K,Rosen J,Vajda E,Zhi L,Negro-Vilar A

更新日期：2007-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of carbon in Earth's mantle greatly exceeds its modest abundance of approximately 1,000-4,000 ppm. Carbon is a constituent of key terrestrial volatiles (CO, CO(2), CH(4)), it forms diamonds, and it may also contribute to the bulk electrical properties of the silicate Earth. In contrast to that of the ma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hayden LA,Watson EB

更新日期：2008-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Ammonium sulfate fractionation of crude extracts of E. coli yields a soluble enzyme fraction (about 25-fold purification) that catalyzes the conversion of phiX174 single-stranded DNA to duplex DNA. The reaction is rifampicin-resistant, requires single-stranded DNA, Mg++, deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and ATP, and is ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schuster H,Mikolajczyk M,Rohrschneider J,Geschke B

更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Commercial hydrogen production by electrocatalytic water splitting will benefit from the realization of more efficient and less expensive catalysts compared with noble metal catalysts, especially for the oxygen evolution reaction, which requires a current density of 500 mA/cm2 at an overpotential below 300 mV with lon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhou H,Yu F,Sun J,He R,Chen S,Chu CW,Ren Z

更新日期：2017-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Lampreys are one of the two surviving jawless vertebrate groups and one of a few vertebrate groups with the best exemplified metamorphosis during their life cycle, which consists of a long-lasting larval stage, a peculiar metamorphosis, and a relatively short adulthood with a markedly different anatomy. Although the f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang MM,Wu F,Miao D,Zhang J

更新日期：2014-10-28 00:00:00