Abstract:
:Over the last decade, much progress has been made towards identifying risk factors for schizophrenia. It is now thought that many genes of small effect contribute towards risk of developing schizophrenia and some of these probably confer susceptibility to environmental factors. Large population-based studies, using record linkage, have investigated environmental risk factors and found that urbanization is an important factor. Other population-based studies have followed up birth cohorts and found evidence for abnormal neurodevelopment in those who subsequently developed schizophrenia. Meta-analyses have clarified the role of obstetric and perinatal complications especially hypoxia. Low IQ has emerged as a risk factor and suggests that cognitive factors are important in the etiology of psychosis. Social risk factors are now being investigated with some evidence that discrimination and isolation are significant. The role of recreational drug use is still unclear. Finally, evidence suggests that there is a continuum of psychosis both within the disorders that present clinically, but also in the general population.
journal_name
Expert Rev Neurotherjournal_title
Expert review of neurotherapeuticsauthors
Boydell Jdoi
10.1586/14737175.1.2.183subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-11-01 00:00:00pages
183-91issue
2eissn
1473-7175issn
1744-8360journal_volume
1pub_type
杂志文章abstract::According to the corticoid receptor hypothesis of depression, hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system is one of the major pathophysiological factors for the development of depression and opens a broad range of new antidepressant treatment options that are related to direct interventions...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/ern.09.52
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive behavioral therapy has been found to be efficacious in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). However, reviews of the clinical significance has indicated that approximately 50% of patients with GAD return to a 'well' status following treatment. So how might the field advance? One way is to base...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.12.161
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review will update current views of the physiopathology and treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Fatigue is a common symptom in multiple sclerosis, being reported by about a third of the patients. For many of them it is the most disabling symptom, with negative consequences on working activity and daily li...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737175.2.6.867
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bipolar disorder is one of the most serious and prevalent psychiatric disorders. The aim of the present article is to review the efficiency of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for bipolar patients. Some studies show consistent evidence that cognitive therapy, concomitant to psycho-education and pharmacological treat...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.10.75
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Narcolepsy is a life-long neurodegenerative disorder that causes considerable impairment to quality of life. Until the 1970s, the treatment for one of the main symptoms, excessive daytime sleepiness, was restricted to stimulants, whereas the second core symptom, cataplexy, was treated with antidepressants, and the res...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.12.42
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this article is to provide an overview on neuromuscular blocking agents and a rational selection of the most appropriate agents, along with pharmacological and pharmacoeconomic considerations on neuromuscular blockers and their antagonists. Neuromuscular blocking agents are used during anesthesia to facilit...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.6.12.1833
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nutritional deficiencies are independent risk factors for adverse outcomes in patients with nervous system disease. Patients with nervous system disease can often become malnourished due to swallowing difficulties or unconsciousness. This malnourishment increases hospitalization duration; average total hospital cost; ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.957184
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic analysis is providing new information on the biological basis of epilepsy at a rapid pace; this article identifies factors acting as major barriers to use of these data for therapy development. Disease heterogeneity is a primary obstacle since so many genes can cause or predispose to epilepsy and the clinical ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2016.1115718
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Non vitamin-K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are direct and specific inhibitors of the coagulation factors IIa (dabigatran) and Xa (apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban) which share many pharmacokinetic properties. However, indications are lacking regarding the use of NOACs during thrombolysis, surgery and bleedin...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737175.2017.1268053
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fingolimod is the first oral agent approved in the USA for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Fingolimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator that binds to sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors on lymphocytes, resulting in a downregulation of the receptor and a reversible sequestration of l...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.10.193
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Triptanophobia is the excessive and inadequately justified concern about potential risks of triptans. We evaluated causes and consequences of nonuse of triptans in chronic migraine (CM) Methods: Case-control study. We included CM patients firstly referred to aheadache unit. Patients were cases or controls ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14737175.2021.1842733
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alterations have been demonstrated in membrane phospholipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Alterations in membrane phospholipid metabolite levels have been observed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy 4 years before onset of cognitive changes. Implications of phospholipid membrane changes in Alzheimer's disease...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737175.2.5.647
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The saga of harmful administration of levodopa (LD) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) resulted from outcomes of animal trials and cell culture studies. They were initiated after the clinical observation of onset of motor complications related to the short plasma half-life of the drug in PD patients. This di...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.8.6.957
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive dysfunction (CD) affects 40-65% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and can have a great functional impact. It can be detected in all the disease phenotypes from the early stages of the disease and tends to progress over time. Memory, complex attention, information processing speed and executive functions ar...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.8.10.1585
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing prevalence of chronic pain with its major societal impact and the escalating use of opioids in managing it, along with their misuse, abuse, associated fatalities and costs, are epidemics in modern medicine. Over the past two decades, multiple lessons have been learned addressing various issues of abuse....
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.13.33
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developing new treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke in the last twenty years has offered some important successes, but also several failures. Most trials of neuroprotective therapies have been uniformly negative to date. Recent research has reported how excitatory amino acids act as the major excitatory neur...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1101345
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Antipsychotics have long been the mainstay of treatment for agitation and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease. Despite their current use successive studies have shown that they only confer a modest benefit which must be balanced against their well-established serious side effects (extrapyramidal symptoms, str...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737175.2018.1476140
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral condition that impairs functioning throughout childhood and adolescence. Evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of ADHD recommend recognizing ADHD as a chronic condition. The chronic care model for child health emphasizes the need for pro...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.10.151
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a common genetic epilepsy syndrome usually presenting in adolescence and characterized by myoclonic jerks, predominately in the arms, associated with tonic-clonic seizures and less often generalized absences. Although the evidence base for treating JME is weak, most experts regard ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737175.2016.1179113
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucocorticoids exert a variety of immunomodulatory activities. Since changes in glucocorticoid homeostasis impact on susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, and synthetic glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, a detailed understanding of their mechanism of action is desirable. Experime...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.6.11.1657
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of patients who will develop metastatic spinal tumors is estimated to be between 5 and 10% of all cancer patients. As the therapy for systemic cancer improves, the number of patients developing symptomatic spinal tumors that require local therapy will increase. Over the last 10 years there has been a dramat...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.5.6.831
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron degeneration in the brain and spinal cord. Treatment development for ALS is complicated by complex underlying disease factors. Areas covered: Numerous tested drug compounds have shown no benefits in ALS p...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737175.2016.1207530
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of neuropathic pain is challenging, with medication being the first-line treatment. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an inexpensive, noninvasive, self-administered technique that is used as an adjunct to medication. Clinical experience suggests that TENS is beneficial providing it i...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.11.48
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is traditionally regarded as a monophasic demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system occurring in children after infection or vaccination. ADEM in children has a polysymptomatic presentation that includes encephalopathy, fever and meningeal signs. In adults, enceph...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1126510
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last two decades clinicians have become increasingly aware of the frequency, importance and functional impact of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. There is, however, a dearth of research in this area. In order to further progress in the field of neuropsychological diagnosis it is essential to validat...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737175.2.5.731
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sumatriptan 85 mg with naproxen sodium 500 mg, a combination tablet for the acute treatment of migraine, is approved in the USA. It is likely that triptan/NSAID combination benefits are a class effect, although the majority of data are on sumatriptan and naproxen sodium. The combination tablet demonstrated superior ef...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.8.9.1289
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of: Brower KJ, McCammon RJ, Wojnar M, Ilgen MA, Wojnar J, Valenstein M. Prescription sleeping pills, insomnia, and suicidality in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. J. Clin. Psychiatry DOI: 10.4088/JCP.09m05484gry (2010) (Epub ahead of print). Several studies have investigated the association betw...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/ern.11.9
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric disorder; the diagnosis probably encompasses a number of illnesses with similar clinical presentations, complicating both treatment and studies into the pathology of the disorder. The development of antipsychotic medications revolutionized treatment for the disorder. However,...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.9.1.73
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a complex and diverse condition which is often an under-recognised entity in the intensive care unit. When NCSE is identified the optimal treatment strategy is not always clear. Areas covered: This review is based on a literature review of the key literature in t...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737175.2017.1369880
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the potential uses of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) techniques for individuals with mood disorders. Mood disorders are among the most prevalent mental health issues today and there are many approaches towards their management. While many different types of medication are available, ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.11.77
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00