Comparative and functional morphology of wing coupling structures in Trichoptera: Annulipalpia.

Abstract:

:Several orders of morphologically four-winged insects have evolved mechanisms that enforce a union between the mesothoracic and metathoracic wings (forewings and hindwings) during the wing beat cycle. Such mechanisms result in a morphologically tetrapterous insect flying as if it were functionally dipterous, and these mechanisms have been described for several insect orders. The caddisfly suborders Annulipalpia and Integripalpia (Trichoptera) each have evolved a wing coupling apparatus, with at least three systems having evolved within the suborder Annulipalpia. The comparative and inferred functional morphology of the putative wing coupling mechanisms is described for the annulipalpian families Hydropsychidae (subfamilies Macronematinae and Hydropsychinae), Polycentropodidae and Ecnomidae, and a novel form-functional complex putatively involved with at-rest forewing-forewing coupling is described for Hydropsychidae: Smicrideinae. It is proposed that the morphology of the wing coupling apparatuses of Hydropsychinae and Macronematinae are apomorphies for those clades.

journal_name

J Morphol

journal_title

Journal of morphology

authors

Stocks IC

doi

10.1002/jmor.10788

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2010-02-01 00:00:00

pages

152-68

issue

2

eissn

0362-2525

issn

1097-4687

journal_volume

271

pub_type

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