Abstract：
:The primal need for nutrients is satisfied by mechanisms for sensing internal stores and detecting food; ATP is the most primitive signal. With increasing density of sensory neurons and glia (the primordial brain) and the emergence of autonomic neural activity throughout the endoderm, transmitters and other signaling molecules enable alimentation before the appearance of innate storage functions. Memory and, ultimately, cognition are prerequisites for processing and producing food to facilitate assimilation and safeguard the supply of nutrients. The gut-brain-gut axis via the vagus nerve is the autonomic neurohumoral pathway integrating these elements of energy homeostasis. Humans uniquely override obligate nutrient needs, eating in the absence of deprivation, resulting in pathological chronic overnutrition arising from dysautonomia. Obesity surgery circumvents powerful redundant mechanisms of alimentation and reduces excess stores of body fat from chronic overnutrition while preventing re-accumulation of fat. All bariatric operations, whether purely restrictive, maldigestive and malabsorptive, or combinations, rely on regulatory mechanisms related to autonomic nervous system function and the brain-gut axis. We review the functional anatomy and the importance of the vagus nerve for maintaining maladaptive chronic overnutrition and describe interventions to abrogate its effects. In aggregate, the preponderance of evidence supported by laboratory and clinical mechanistic studies interrupting abdominal bi-directional vagal transmission demonstrates that the majority of patients report less "hunger" and lose weight.
journal_name
World J Surgjournal_title
World journal of surgeryauthors
Kral JG,Paez W,Wolfe BMdoi
10.1007/s00268-009-0138-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-10-01 00:00:00pages
1995-2006issue
10eissn
0364-2313issn
1432-2323journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:A substantial number of people are suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The indication for surgical treatment is the failure of medical treatment in patients with objectively verified GERD. The use of PPIs has been noted to increase with the length of follow-up after fundoplication, raising...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-017-3924-8
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Jaundice in patients of advanced carcinoma of the gallbladder requires palliation for the distressing symptoms of pruritus and cholangitis. Intrahepatic segment III duct cholangiojejunostomy is a means for alleviating the obstruction with malignant porta block. The authors reviewed their experience with this procedure...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002689900319
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pheochromocytoma with synchronous ipsilateral adrenal cortical adenoma (PSCA) may present with mixed clinical, biochemical, and radiological features characteristic to each neoplasm subtype. METHODS:All patients with a pathological diagnosis of pheochromocytoma were evaluated for an ipsilateral cortical ade...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-017-4110-8
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Peritoneal adhesions are recognized as an important cause for patient morbidity, but complications related to adhesions occur relatively late after the original operation. Therefore preoperative consent may not adequately reflect the proportions of the problem. METHODS:A total of 200 patients admitted for i...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s00268-008-9917-x
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Surgical exposure of the recurrent laryngeal nerve decreases the incidence of nerve injuries during thyroid surgery. Intraoperative neuromonitoring was introduced to facilitate identification and protection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Between February 1996 and June 2002 a total of 288 patients underwent thyroid ...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-004-7226-6
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of the clinical indications for performing staging laparoscopy for locally advanced gastric cancer to detect peritoneal metastasis or positive cytology findings. METHODS:The study included 231 patients with T4 gastric cancer without hematogenous or clinica...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-011-1290-5
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute appendicitis is the most common reason for abdominal surgery in young adults and children. Open appendectomy is still the treatment often chosen because it is simple, safe, and effective. Our aim was to study whether cosmetic results of appendectomy wounds are better after using continuous absorbable i...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00268-013-2396-8
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Across Nepal, anesthesia at a district level is provided mostly by non-doctor anesthesia providers (anesthesia assistants-AAs). Nepal's Government recognized the need to sustain competence with continuous professional development and to upgrade 6-month trained working AAs to professional equivalence with the...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-017-4273-3
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Delayed access to surgical care for congenital conditions in low- and middle-income countries is associated with increased risk of death and life-long disabilities, although the actual burden of delayed access to care is unknown. Our goal was to quantify the burden of disease related to delays to surgical ca...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-019-05239-w
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess the validity and responsiveness of a new quality of life instrument, the Patient Generated Index (PGI), in patients with rectal cancer. Thirty-three patients with rectal cancer were administered the PGI, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Qu...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-002-6360-2
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nineteen consecutive patients receiving renal transplants underwent prospective evaluation of their calcium homeostasis for 1 year after transplantation to characterize indices of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) amelioration. All but one underwent dialysis, and six had vitamin D supplementation before grafting. The rapid fa...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002689900446
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Never events (NEs) are serious clinical incidents that cause potentially avoidable harm and impose a significant financial burden on healthcare systems. The purpose of this study was to identify common never events. METHODS:We analysed the NHS England NE data from 2012 to 2020 to identify common never event...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-020-05867-7
更新日期：2021-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The retained knife blade is an unusual and spectacular injury. The aim of this study was to review our experience with the management of such injuries. METHODS:A retrospective chart review of patients with retained knife blades treated at Groote Schuur Hospital Trauma Centre from January 1996 to December 20...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-010-0514-4
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the liver on cell-mediated immunity in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control group that did not have any procedure, a sham-operation group that underwent laparotomy, a lobectomy group that had left lateral lobectomy of the liver,...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-005-7728-x
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was first designed to investigate systematically the kinetics of surface expression of scavenger receptors (SRs) and CD14 on alveolar macrophages in vivo and in vitro and their relation with local pro- and antiinflammatory responses in endotoxemia. The expression of SR and CD14 in lungs was down- and up-reg...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-002-6548-5
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Breast cancer in young women is uncommon, but when it does occur it has been reported to have aggressive biological characteristics. The incidence of breast cancer peaks at age 40 in Hong Kong Chinese women, earlier than in Caucasians. This study is the first to report the tumor characteristics and managemen...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-008-9589-6
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Video-assisted thyroidectomy, although an increasingly used method to treat benign thyroid nodules, is rarely used to treat thyroid cancer. We performed gasless video-assisted total thyroidectomy for the treatment of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. The patients were two men and five women with ages ranging from 29...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-004-7446-9
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Awake tracheostomy (AT) is aimed at securing the airway of patients with upper airway obstruction when other means are not feasible or have failed. Reports on AT in the literature are scarce. The goal of this study was to review our experience with the indications, complications and outcome of AT. METHODS:A...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-018-4578-x
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Some patients complain of long-lasting voice symptoms after thyroid surgery without objective vocal fold pathology. We assessed the factors that may influence voice symptoms more than 12 months after thyroidectomy. METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of 68 patients from July 2010 to May 2012. The ...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-017-4438-0
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assessed the results of surgical treatment for Graves' disease in our hospital and examined the relationship between the values of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies and postoperative thyroid function. From 1983 to 1988, subtotal thyroidectomy was performed in 313 patients with Graves' di...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02067345
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Noninvasive diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma of the liver is an important step in the investigation of patients with focal hepatic lesions since biopsy may result in life-threatening hemorrhage. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of 99m-technetium red blood cell (99mTc-RBC) imaging with tomography, 50 patients with...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01658668
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) originates from calcitonin-producing cells of the thyroid. In 2009, we published our first report on the biological characteristics and prognosis of 118 MTC patients. Herein, we enrolled a larger number of patients with longer follow-up periods to further study the biologica...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-018-4738-z
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Most reconstructive surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa is provided by numerous noncoordinated individuals and organizations, in multiple short trips, or "surgical blitzes." Because many such groups do not train local surgeons, these communities have become dependent on unsustainable systems. By providing much-nee...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-009-0256-3
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of locally advanced breast cancer. It can be diagnosed based on a clinical or pathologic basis. We evaluated the usefulness of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans for diagnosing and staging IBC. We retrospectively reviewed t...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-003-6893-z
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) is performed as a function-preserving surgery for patients with early proximal gastric malignant tumors; however, whether LPG has advantages postoperatively compared with laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) is debatable, especially with regard to nutritional outcomes....
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-018-4625-7
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The utilization of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery is increasing. However, conversion to open surgery remains relatively high. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated (1) conversion rates in laparoscopic colorectal surgery; (2) the outcomes of converted cases compared with successful laparoscopic and open colorectal ope...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-015-2958-z
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Trauma is the third leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular and oncologic diseases. Predominant causes of trauma-related death (TD) are severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), hemorrhagic shock, and multiple organ failure. An analysis of TD is required in order to review the quality of trauma car...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-019-05347-7
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intraabdominal bleeding, the most life-threatening complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), most often is associated with failure of a pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis or with intraabdominal infection. We investigated whether placement of an omental flap around the splanchnic vessels in PD could reduce t...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-005-7900-3
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Parathyroid glands (PGs) can be particularly hard to distinguish from surrounding tissue and thus can be damaged or removed during thyroidectomy. Postoperative hypoparathyroidism is the most common complication after thyroidectomy. Very recently, it has been found that the parathyroid tissue shows near-infra...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-016-3571-5
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Surgical care is emerging as a crucial issue in global public health. Methodology is needed to assess the impact of surgical care from a public health perspective. METHODS:A consensus opinion of a group of surgeons, anesthesiologists, and public health experts was established regarding the methodology for e...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-009-0261-6
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
