Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Rates of diseases and injuries and the effects of their risk factors can have substantial subnational heterogeneity, especially in middle-income countries like Mexico. Subnational analysis of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors can improve characterization of the epidemiological transition and identify policy priorities. METHODS AND FINDINGS:We estimated deaths and loss of healthy life years (measured in disability-adjusted life years [DALYs]) in 2004 from a comprehensive list of diseases and injuries, and 16 major risk factors, by sex and age for Mexico and its states. Data sources included the vital statistics, national censuses, health examination surveys, and published epidemiological studies. Mortality statistics were adjusted for underreporting, misreporting of age at death, and for misclassification and incomparability of cause-of-death assignment. Nationally, noncommunicable diseases caused 75% of total deaths and 68% of total DALYs, with another 14% of deaths and 18% of DALYs caused by undernutrition and communicable, maternal, and perinatal diseases. The leading causes of death were ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, and road traffic injuries. High body mass index, high blood glucose, and alcohol use were the leading risk factors for disease burden, causing 5.1%, 5.0%, and 7.3% of total burden of disease, respectively. Mexico City had the lowest mortality rates (4.2 per 1,000) and the Southern region the highest (5.0 per 1,000); under-five mortality in the Southern region was nearly twice that of Mexico City. In the Southern region undernutrition and communicable, maternal, and perinatal diseases caused 23% of DALYs; in Chiapas, they caused 29% of DALYs. At the same time, the absolute rates of noncommunicable disease and injury burdens were highest in the Southern region (105 DALYs per 1,000 population versus 97 nationally for noncommunicable diseases; 22 versus 19 for injuries). CONCLUSIONS:Mexico is at an advanced stage in the epidemiologic transition, with the majority of the disease and injury burden from noncommunicable diseases. A unique characteristic of the epidemiological transition in Mexico is that overweight and obesity, high blood glucose, and alcohol use are responsible for larger burden of disease than other noncommunicable disease risks such as tobacco smoking. The Southern region is least advanced in the epidemiological transition and suffers from the largest burden of ill health in all disease and injury groups.
journal_name
PLoS Medjournal_title
PLoS medicineauthors
Stevens G,Dias RH,Thomas KJ,Rivera JA,Carvalho N,Barquera S,Hill K,Ezzati Mdoi
10.1371/journal.pmed.0050125subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-06-17 00:00:00pages
e125issue
6eissn
1549-1277issn
1549-1676pii
07-PLME-RA-2328journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PLOS MEDICINE文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:It is unclear whether an upper gastrointestinal bleed is an isolated gastrointestinal event or an indicator of a deterioration in a patient's overall health status. Therefore, we investigated the excess causes of death in individuals after a non-variceal bleed compared with deaths in a matched sample of the ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001437
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aaron Kesselheim and colleagues examine orphan-designated drugs approved between 2009 and 2015 in the United States. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002190
更新日期:2017-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::In an Editorial, Guest Editors Nicola Low and Nathalie Broutet discuss the Collection on sexually transmitted infections in the context of research priorities in the field. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002481
更新日期:2017-12-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is recommended for uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria in areas of emerging chloroquine resistance. We undertook a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis to compare the efficacies of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) and artemether-lumefan...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002928
更新日期:2019-10-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fibre is promoted as part of a healthy dietary pattern and in diabetes management. We have considered the role of high-fibre diets on mortality and increasing fibre intake on glycaemic control and other cardiometabolic risk factors of adults with prediabetes or diabetes. METHODS AND FINDINGS:We conducted a ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003053
更新日期:2020-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::Nathan Ford and Gottfried Hirnschall reflect on recent research by Jan Hontelez and colleagues published in this week's PLOS Medicine. The authors argue that the future HIV modeling efforts should focus on helping programs make choices about which interventions need to be prioritized in order to achieve the levels of ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001535
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bilharzia is one of the major parasitic infections affecting the public health and socioeconomic circumstances in (sub) tropical areas. Its causative agents are schistosomes. Since these worms remain in their host for decades, they have developed mechanisms to evade or resist the immune system. Like several ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030253
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Immunohistochemical markers are often used to classify breast cancer into subtypes that are biologically distinct and behave differently. The aim of this study was to estimate mortality for patients with the major subtypes of breast cancer as classified using five immunohistochemical markers, to investigate ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000279
更新日期:2010-05-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast cancer is a leading malignancy affecting the female population worldwide. Most morbidity is caused by metastases that remain incurable to date. TGF-β1 has been identified as a key driving force behind metastatic breast cancer, with promising therapeutic implications. METHODS AND FINDINGS:Employing im...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001871
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Is it ethical for scientists to conduct or to benefit from research in another country if that research would be unlawful, or not generally accepted, in their own country? ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040010
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this month's editorial, the PLOS Medicine Editors discuss the role of preprints in human health research and propose a 3-part framework for ensuring benefit. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 评论,社论
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002563
更新日期:2018-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::In an essay, Paul Bloem and Ikechukwu Ogbuanu discuss the public health implications of HPV vaccination. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002325
更新日期:2017-06-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Seven of 15 clinical trial participants treated with a nucleoside analogue (fialuridine [FIAU]) developed acute liver failure. Five treated participants died, and two required a liver transplant. Preclinical toxicology studies in mice, rats, dogs, and primates did not provide any indication that FIAU would b...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001628
更新日期:2014-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We simulated tobacco control and pharmacological strategies for preventing cardiovascular deaths in India, the country that is expected to experience more cardiovascular deaths than any other over the next decade. METHODS AND FINDINGS:A microsimulation model was developed to quantify the differential effect...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001480
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Assessing the mortality impact of the 2009 influenza A H1N1 virus (H1N1pdm09) is essential for optimizing public health responses to future pandemics. The World Health Organization reported 18,631 laboratory-confirmed pandemic deaths, but the total pandemic mortality burden was substantially higher. We estim...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001558
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It remains unclear when standard systematic reviews and meta-analyses that rely on published aggregate data (AD) can provide robust clinical conclusions. We aimed to compare the results from a large cohort of systematic reviews and meta-analyses based on individual participant data (IPD) with meta-analyses o...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003019
更新日期:2020-01-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to a nutritionally deficient environment during fetal life and early infancy may adversely alter the ontogeny of the immune system and affect an infant's ability to mount an optimal immune response to vaccination. We examined the effects of maternal nutritional supplementation during pregnancy on in...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002854
更新日期:2019-08-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rare diseases affect as many as 60 million people in the United States and Europe. However, most rare diseases lack effective therapies and are in critical need of clinical research. Our objective was to determine the frequency of noncompletion and nonpublication of trials studying rare diseases. METHODS AN...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002966
更新日期:2019-11-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The "fitness" of an infectious pathogen is defined as the ability of the pathogen to survive, reproduce, be transmitted, and cause disease. The fitness of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) relative to drug-susceptible tuberculosis is cited as one of the most important determinants of MDRTB spread and ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001843
更新日期:2015-06-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical trials of interventions designed to prevent severe falciparum malaria in children require a clear endpoint. The internationally accepted definition of severe malaria is sensitive, and appropriate for clinical purposes. However, this definition includes individuals with severe nonmalarial disease and...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040251
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children. T cell ALL (T-ALL) represents about 15% of pediatric ALL cases and is considered a high-risk disease. T-ALL is often associated with resistance to treatment, includi...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002200
更新日期:2016-12-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This paper examines the efforts of consultants affiliated with Philip Morris (PM), the world's leading transnational tobacco corporation, to influence scientific research and training in Thailand via the Chulabhorn Research Institute (CRI). A leading Southeast Asian institute for environmental health science...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050238
更新日期:2008-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Diarrhea morbidity and mortality remain important child health problems in low- and middle-income countries. The treatment of diarrhea and accurate measurement of treatment coverage are critical if child mortality is going to continue to decline. In this review, we examine diarrhea treatment coverage indicators collec...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001385
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To date, drug response genes have not proved as useful in clinical practice as was anticipated at the start of the genomic era. An exception is in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin (PegIFN/R). Viral clearance is achieved in 40%...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001092
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:TKM-130803, a small interfering RNA lipid nanoparticle product, has been developed for the treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD), but its efficacy and safety in humans has not been evaluated. METHODS AND FINDINGS:In this single-arm phase 2 trial, adults with laboratory-confirmed EVD received 0.3 mg/kg of T...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001997
更新日期:2016-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::Leo Sher and colleagues discuss recent research on interventions to prevent secondary suicide and discuss the additional research that is needed. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000271
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Stillbirth is strongly related to impaired fetal growth. However, the relationship between fetal growth and stillbirth is difficult to determine because of uncertainty in the timing of death and confounding characteristics affecting normal fetal growth. METHODS AND FINDINGS:We conducted a population-based c...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001633
更新日期:2014-04-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale requires treatment with primaquine or tafenoquine to clear dormant liver stages. Either drug can induce haemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, necessitating screening. The reference diagnostic method for G6PD activ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003084
更新日期:2020-05-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although it has long been appreciated that ovarian carcinoma subtypes (serous, clear cell, endometrioid, and mucinous) are associated with different natural histories, most ovarian carcinoma biomarker studies and current treatment protocols for women with this disease are not subtype specific. With the emerg...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050232
更新日期:2008-12-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The global tuberculosis epidemic results in nearly 2 million deaths and 9 million new cases of the disease a year. The vast majority of tuberculosis patients live in developing countries, where the diagnosis of tuberculosis relies on the identification of acid-fast bacilli on unprocessed sputum smears using ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040202
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00