Abstract:
:India's northward flight and collision with Asia was a major driver of global tectonics in the Cenozoic and, we argue, of atmospheric CO(2) concentration (pCO(2)) and thus global climate. Subduction of Tethyan oceanic crust with a carpet of carbonate-rich pelagic sediments deposited during transit beneath the high-productivity equatorial belt resulted in a component flux of CO(2) delivery to the atmosphere capable to maintain high pCO(2) levels and warm climate conditions until the decarbonation factory shut down with the collision of Greater India with Asia at the Early Eocene climatic optimum at approximately 50 Ma. At about this time, the India continent and the highly weatherable Deccan Traps drifted into the equatorial humid belt where uptake of CO(2) by efficient silicate weathering further perturbed the delicate equilibrium between CO(2) input to and removal from the atmosphere toward progressively lower pCO(2) levels, thus marking the onset of a cooling trend over the Middle and Late Eocene that some suggest triggered the rapid expansion of Antarctic ice sheets at around the Eocene-Oligocene boundary.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Kent DV,Muttoni Gdoi
10.1073/pnas.0805382105subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-10-21 00:00:00pages
16065-70issue
42eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0805382105journal_volume
105pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::The cytosolic concentration of free Ca2+ in bovine neutrophils was monitored by using the intracellular Ca2+ indicator quin2, 2-[[2-bis(acetylamino)-5-methylphenoxy]methyl-6-methoxy-8- bis(acetylamino)]quinoline. Neutrophils at rest have a cytosolic Ca2+ concentration of 85 +/- 5 nM, which in 2-4 min increases to 300-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.5.1416
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea in the United States. The two main virulence factors of C. difficile are the large toxins, TcdA and TcdB, which enter colonic epithelial cells and cause fluid secretion, inflammation, and cell death. Using a gene-trap insertional mutagenesis scre...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1500791112
更新日期:2015-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::The relation between changes in brain and plasma concentrations of neurosteroids and the function and structure of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors in the brain during pregnancy and after delivery was investigated in rats. In contrast with plasma, where all steroids increased in parallel, the kinetics ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.22.13284
更新日期:1998-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::It has often been suggested that the frequently observed Watson-Crick base-pair compensatory substitutions in RNA helical structures occur mainly through a slightly deleterious G.U intermediate state. We have scored base substitutions in a set of 82 related Drosophila species for the D1 and D2 variable domains of the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.22.10032
更新日期:1991-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion in the number of polyglutamine-encoding CAG repeats in the gene that encodes the huntingtin (htt) protein. A property of the mutant protein that is intimately involved in the development of the disease is the propensity of the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0408134101
更新日期:2004-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Stimulation by isoproterenol causes large increases in the activity of rat pineal N-acetyltransferase (arylamine acetyltransferase or acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.5) after a variable lag period. Lengthening periods of exposure to light cause rapid increases in the sensitivity of pineal N-acetyltr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.5.1661
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene amplification may be visualized within a chromosome as a homogeneously stained region (HSR) and HSRs have rarely been reported in human tumor cells with identification of the amplified gene. A parental line and seven clones derived from KB cells resistant to methotrexate (MTX) contain dihydrofolate reductase (DHF...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.3.807
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interplay of human actions and natural processes over varied spatial and temporal scales can result in abrupt transitions between contrasting land surface states. Understanding these transitions is a key goal of sustainability science because they can represent abrupt losses of natural capital. This paper recogniz...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1220161110
更新日期:2013-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::Commercial hydrogen production by electrocatalytic water splitting will benefit from the realization of more efficient and less expensive catalysts compared with noble metal catalysts, especially for the oxygen evolution reaction, which requires a current density of 500 mA/cm2 at an overpotential below 300 mV with lon...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1701562114
更新日期:2017-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPPII) is a eukaryotic protease acting downstream of the 26S proteasome; it removes tripeptides from the degradation products released by the proteasome. Structural studies in vitro have revealed the basic architecture of TPPII, a two-stranded linear polymer that assembles to form a spindle-s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1701367114
更新日期:2017-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::A cell line has been developed from the imaginal wing discs of the lepidopteran insect Trichoplusia ni (Hübner). The cells grow in suspension as fluid-filled, multicellular vesicles. The cell line has been designated IAL-TND1. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylam...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.8.2589
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Redistribution of specialized molecules in migrating cells develops asymmetry between two opposite cell poles, the leading edge and the uropod. We show that acquisition of a motile phenotype in T lymphocytes results in the asymmetric redistribution of ganglioside GM3- and GM1-enriched raft domains to the leading edge ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.171160298
更新日期:2001-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::The commitment of differentiating cells to a specialized fate is fundamental to the correct assembly of tissues within a multicellular organism. Because commitment is often irreversible, entry into and progression through this phase of development must be tightly regulated. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, the mult...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1610533113
更新日期:2016-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::Murine mucopolysaccharidosis type VII is a heritable disease caused by a spontaneous mutation, gus(mps), closely linked to the beta-glucuronidase structural gene on chromosome 5. Mice homozygous for the mutation have a > 200-fold decrease in beta-glucuronidase mRNA levels and virtually no enzyme activity detectable by...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.14.6567
更新日期:1993-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::The superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus contains a map that represents the visual field, whereas the underlying intermediate gray layer contains a vector map of the saccades that shift the direction of gaze. These two maps are aligned so that a particular region of the visual field is represented directl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.24.13299
更新日期:1997-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::The elongated three-helix bundle domains spectrin R16 and R17 fold some two to three orders of magnitude more slowly than their homologue R15. We have shown that this slow folding is due, at least in part, to roughness in the free-energy landscape of R16 and R17. We have proposed that this roughness is due to a frustr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1201793109
更新日期:2012-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation leukemia virus, isolated from radiation-induced lymphomas in C57BL/Ka mice and propagated in that strain, is thymotropic and leukemogenic in vivo but replicates poorly, if at all, in mouse and mink fibroblast cultures in vitro. Comparative studies indicate that this naturally occurring virus is distinct from...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.12.4675
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of the mRNA capping apparatus of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum illuminates an evolutionary connection to fungi rather than metazoans. We show that P. falciparum encodes separate RNA guanylyltransferase (Pgt1) and RNA triphosphatase (Prt1) enzymes and that the triphosphatase component is a member ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.061636198
更新日期:2001-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial adaptive immune system CRISPR-Cas9 has been appropriated as a versatile tool for editing genomes, controlling gene expression, and visualizing genetic loci. To analyze Cas9's ability to bind DNA rapidly and specifically, we generated multiple libraries of potential binding partners for measuring the kine...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1700557114
更新日期:2017-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used to label the rabbit intestinal brush border Na+-glucose carrier, identify the carrier protein on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and monitor the effect of ions and substrates on fluorescence quenching. Enriched brush border preparations were employe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.7.2223
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies to chromatin proteins of Novikoff hepatoma cells formed precipitin bands in the double-diffusion immunoprecipitation assay with chromatin proteins of Novikoff hepatoma, Walker 256 carcinosarcoma, and 18-day fetal rat liver. The antigen used for preparation of antiserum was the chromatin proteins initially e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.9.3258
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mutant (ML 308-22) was isolated from Escherichia coli ML 308, which had lost the normal capacity to accumulate lactose analogs despite an increase in the membrane carrier activity. The exit of thiomethylgalactoside was much faster than normal, accounting for the inability of the cell to maintain high intracellular c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.65.1.63
更新日期:1970-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Up-regulation of the folding machinery of the heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone protein is crucial for cancer progression. The two Hsp90 isoforms (α and β) play different roles in response to chemotherapy. To identify isoform-selective inhibitors of Hsp90(α/β)/cochaperone p23 interactions, we developed a dual-lu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1205459109
更新日期:2012-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Stressful events evoke long-term changes in behavioral responses; however, the underlying mechanisms in the brain are not well understood. Previous work has shown that epigenetic changes and immediate-early gene (IEG) induction in stress-activated dentate gyrus (DG) granule neurons play a crucial role in these behavio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1524857113
更新日期:2016-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::The neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin are evolutionarily conserved regulators of social perception and behavior. Evidence is building that they are critically involved in the development of social recognition skills within rodent species, primates, and humans. We investigated whether common polymorphisms in the g...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1302985111
更新日期:2014-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::Complementary DNA clones encoding the entire rat 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor were isolated, and the total 423-amino acid sequence was deduced. The amino acid sequence of the rat receptor is similar but not identical to the reported human receptor sequence. The cysteine-rich DNA-binding domain is completely conse...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.24.9499
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four macrocyclic cystine-knot peptides of 29-31 residues, kalata, circulin A and B (CirA and CirB), and cyclopsychotride, have been isolated from coffee plants but have undetermined physiological functions. These macrocycles and 10 of their analogs prepared by chemical synthesis were tested against nine strains of mic...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.8913
更新日期:1999-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::Zebrafish carrying heterozygous mutations for 17 different ribosomal protein (rp) genes are prone to developing malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), a tumor type that is seldom seen in laboratory strains of zebrafish. Interestingly, the same rare tumor type arises in zebrafish that are homozygous for a l...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0805036105
更新日期:2008-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Competing populations in shared spaces with nonrenewable resources do not necessarily wage a battle for dominance at the cost of extinction of the less-fit strain if there are fitness advantages to the presence of the other strain. We report on the use of nanofabricated habitat landscapes to study the population dynam...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0810792105
更新日期:2008-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::The photosystem II (PSII) subunit S (PsbS) plays a key role in nonphotochemical quenching, a photoprotective mechanism for dissipation of excess excitation energy in plants. The precise function of PsbS in nonphotochemical quenching is unknown. By reconstituting PsbS together with the major light-harvesting complex of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1205561110
更新日期:2013-04-02 00:00:00