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Plasmodium falciparum multiple infections, disease severity and host characteristics in malaria affected travellers returning from Africa.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of malaria is the result of complex interactions between parasites, host and environment. Several studies have assessed the role of genetic characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum infection in the clinical severity of malaria infection comparing different genotypic determinants in mild and severe cases. The genes encoding the polymorphic merozoite surface proteins 1 (msp-1) and 2 (msp-2) and the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) of malaria parasites have been extensively used as markers to investigate the genetic diversity and the population structure of P. falciparum. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological, clinical, host- and parasite-related determinant factor of the genetic diversity of P. falciparum infections in travellers returning to Italy. METHODS:Between 1998 and 2001, we have retrospectively studied 64 inpatients all returning from African malaria-endemic countries. Designation of severe malaria was determined by using the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. P. falciparum infections detected by species-specific PCR were genotyped at the msp-1 and msp-2 loci and clones were determined. PCR and enzyme-digestion methods were used to screen the mutation occurring at codon 108. RESULTS:Multiple P. falciparum genotypes were detected in 32 patients (50%). The number of genotypes was correlated to different host characteristics. No association was found between allelic number of msp-1 or msp-2 and season of travel, absence of antimalarial prophylaxis, length of stay or blood parasitemia. At multiple analysis adjusted for few confounding variables, two variables showed a significant association with multiplicity of P. falciparum genotypes: male gender (p=0.018) and severity of disease (p=0.044). CONCLUSION:In our study all but one patients with severe malaria had a infection with a multiplicity of P. falciparum clones. At multivariate analysis the male gender, and the occurrence of severe malaria were significantly more commonly detected in patients affected by imported malaria with multiple clones.

journal_name

Travel Med Infect Dis

journal_title

Travel medicine and infectious disease

authors

Nicastri E,Paglia MG,Severini C,Ghirga P,Bevilacqua N,Narciso P

doi

10.1016/j.tmaid.2008.01.001

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2008-07-01 00:00:00

pages

205-9

issue

eissn

1477-8939

issn

1873-0442

pii

S1477-8939(08)00002-1

journal_volume

pub_type

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Plasmodium falciparum multiple infections, disease severity and host characteristics in malaria affected travellers returning from Africa.