Photon extremity absorbed dose and kerma conversion coefficients for calibration geometries.

abstract：:One goal of this research was to reproduce the photon specific absorbed fraction calculations of Cristy and Eckerman using their gastrointestinal (GI) tract model. A second goal was to calculate photon specific absorbed fraction values for their GI tract model using electron tracking techniques. A final goal was to ca...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Poston JW Jr,Kodimer KA,Bolch WE,Poston JW Sr

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of occupational limits (ELs) in the outdoor laser environment requires an understanding of the radiometric methods required to evaluate field exposures with respect to the ELs. The limiting aperture required to adequately specify the EL must always be kept in mind. Since all exposure limits are defined...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Sliney DH

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper provides information on the effects of distance and attenuation in lead sheet and gypsum board of the 0.511 MeV photon produced by positron annihilation. Exposure rates are projected external to an adult injected with 185 MBq (5 mCi) of 18F in a fluorodeoxyglucose solution and for the same activity in a sma...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Courtney JC,Mendez P,Hidalgo-Salvatierra O,Bujenovic S

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the assessment of risk, several factors affect predictions: selection of reactive agent, selection of tumor incidence data, modeling of dose, scaling across species, adjustment for differences in duration and frequency of exposure, and selection of the most suitable risk extrapolation model. If the endpoints, expos...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Beliles RP,Parker JC

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Improved lung models provide a more accurate assessment of dose from inhalation exposures and, therefore, more accurate dose-response relationships for risk evaluation and exposure limitation. Epidemiological data for externally irradiated persons indicate that the numbers of excess respiratory tract carcinomas differ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Masse R,Cross FT

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes an investigation into the distribution of radiation doses to workers, undertaken at the request of ICRP Committee 4. Three main questions are considered. Firstly, the distribution of annual doses to workers is described. Doses are generally well below the ICRP dose limits and most are below 15 mSv...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Johnston PD,Brenot J,Kendall GM

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The U.S. Department of Energy initiated the Radiation Exposure Review Project to provide a critical reexamination of radiation doses to people resulting from testing nuclear devices at the Nevada Test Site. One part of this effort focused on the dose resulting from the ingestion of contaminated food. The PATHWAY radio...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kirchner TB,Whicker FW,Anspaugh LR,Ng YC

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanic workers are exposed to exhaust fumes when controlling vehicle engines in motion inside repair shops. To assess radiation doses due to radon short-lived progeny from the inhalation of exhaust fumes by mechanic workers, concentrations of these radionuclides were measured in petrol (gasoline) and gas-oil exhaust...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Misdaq MA,Chaouqi A,Ouguidi J,Touti R,Mortassim A

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As a continuation of previous research on worst case transportation accidents involving radioactive material (Dodd and Humphries 1988a), and protective action guidance for radioactive material transportation accidents (Dodd and Humphries 1988b), this paper describes the risks from such accidents in Oregon. Radioactive...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Humphries LL,Dodd B

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A model system was developed previously for disposal of solid laboratory waste that is both radioactive and heat sensitive, e.g., HIV. A double polypropylene bag with charcoal vent filter and absorbent was designed to meet requirements for both steam sterilization and disposal as solid radioactive waste. Earlier work ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Stinson MC,Green BL,Marquardt CJ,Ducatman AM

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A general method for solving first-order compartmental models (recycling and nonrecycling) with any number of radioactive progeny is described and a heuristic proof of the method is provided. The method can be applied to any system where the progeny are assumed to behave isokinetically with the parent, as is the case ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Birchall A,James AC

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Smoke from a wildfire in northern New Mexico that moved along the border of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) was monitored for ²³⁹Pu in the event that the fire might cross into LANL property containing locations with low, but greater than background, levels of ²³⁹Pu and other alpha-emitting radionuclides. Thr...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Whicker JJ,Baltz D,Eisele WF,Hart OF,McNaughton MW,Green AA

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The radiological consequences of using fly ash as a component of cement are discussed. Measurements of the activity concentrations of the fly ash and cement are reported together with measurements of emanation coefficients and exhalation rates. The radon-exhalation rate was found to be significantly lower in concrete ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Stranden E

更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depleted uranium was first used on a large scale as a major component of munitions and armaments employed by the U.S. armed forces during the Gulf War in 1991. In response to concern that exposure to depleted uranium may have been a cause of health problems suffered by returning veterans of that war, an already existi...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： McDiarmid MA,Engelhardt SM,Oliver M

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data on nuclear medicine thyroid examinations performed in Manitoba (population 1 million) from 1981-1985 were collected, with more detailed demographic data obtained on 1,100 consecutive patients between June 1987 and January 1988. An average of 2,081 patients were examined per year, 81% female and 19% male, represen...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Huda W,Gordon K,Greenberg ID

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coyote fecal samples were collected near a radioactive waste leaching pond and a solid radioactive waste disposal facility and analyzed for radioactivity. Elevated concentrations of 137Cs, 90Sr and 238Pu in the samples from the liquid radioactive waste leaching area were attributed to coyotes ingesting contaminated po...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Arthur WJ 3rd,Markham OD

更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:On 29 December 1970, the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 established the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). This article on OSHA, Title 29, Part 1910.1096 Ionizing Radiation standard was written to increase awareness of the employer, the workforce, state and federal governments, and those...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Lewis RK

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The revised standard for sampling effluent air from stacks and ducts of the nuclear industry places limits on the non-uniformity of velocity and contaminant profiles at the sampling location; namely, the coefficients of variation must not exceed 20% over an area that encompasses at least the center 2/3 of the cross se...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： McFarland AR,Gupta R,Anand NK

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple passive sampler for 222Rn with up to 24-hr integration times can be constructed by using a diffusion barrier to regulate the effective sampling rate of an ambient temperature activated carbon bed. The diffusion element serves to make sampler performance relatively independent of the properties of the type of ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Prichard HM,Mariën K

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scientific data are reviewed to evaluate the risks of radioiodine uptake and to compare those risks with the benefits and risks of low milligram doses of stable potassium iodide (KI). The limit of 25 rad to the thyroid due to radioiodine uptake is adopted as the "break-even" point above which 130-mg KI doses should be...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Meck RA,Chen MS,Kenny PJ

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the steps that has been taken to expedite the radiation dose reconstruction process is the development of "site profiles." These reports, one of which has been prepared for each of the major U.S. Department of Energy nuclear sites, include detailed assessments of the dose rates at a given site due to on-site ex...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Rollins EM

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for medical x-ray procedures are being implemented currently in the Netherlands. By order of the Dutch Healthcare Inspectorate, a survey has been conducted among 20 Dutch hospitals to investigate the level of implementation of the Dutch DRLs in current radiological practice. It turns...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Bijwaard H,Valk D,de Waard-Schalkx I

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of laboratory animal retinal exposure to green monochromatic laser radiation show an increasing stability of tissue with increasing pulse duration up to 10(-1) s. This mechanism of biological response of the eye to light damage is fundamental to living systems. It does not manifest itself in animals under deep...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Zheltov G,Glazkov V,Podol'tzef A,Linnik L,Privalov A

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experience gained from involvement in a number of emergency response activities since September 2001 in Texas indicated that the likely roles of statewide medical reserve corps units typically included aspects such as crowd control, registration and tracking, and information management. The need for training specifica...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Emery RJ,Sprau DD,Morecook RC,Herbold J

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delayed gamma spectrum is the fingerprint of uranium materials in arms control verification technology. The decay chain is simplified into basic state linear chain and excitation state linear chain to calculate and analyze the delayed gamma spectra of fission products. Formulas of the changing rule for nuclide number ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Guo H,Tian C,Wang X,Lv N,Ma M,Wei Y

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The radioactive gas 41Ar has been produced at high concentration by neutron activation near the reactor core in the Kyoto University Research Reactor. A pipe line for an exhaust stream, so-called sweep gas, was fabricated at the construction of the reactor in 1964 in order to exhale 41Ar from the facilities above to t...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Fukui M

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diagnostic radiology dosimeters should comply with International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61674 standard in order to perform measurements with sufficient accuracy and reliability. The calibration of a dosimeter is performed under, and pertains to, reference conditions. However, in most cases, dosimeters are u...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hourdakis CJ,Boziari A,Manetou A

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Institutional radiation safety programs routinely use wipe test sampling and liquid scintillation counting analysis to indicate the presence of removable radioactive contamination. Significant volumes of liquid waste can be generated by such surveillance activities, and the subsequent disposal of these materials can s...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Emery RJ

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two-cell mouse embryos were exposed in vitro to tributyl phosphate, x rays, or a combination of both. In-vitro development of the embryos was followed microscopically (cleavage to four- and eight-cell embryos, formation of morulae and blastocysts, and hatching of blastocysts). Effects on proliferation were estimated b...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Müller WU,Streffer C,Markoski L

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Röntgen's description of his discovery of x rays was convincing and comprehensive. The response of the scientific community and public was immediate and intense. In contrast, the discovery of radioactivity was a muddled affair that excited little interest. While it would prove far more revolutionary than that of x ray...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Frame PW

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00