Modern origin of numerous alternatively spliced human introns from tandem arrays.

abstract：:In a study of autonomic reflexes it was found that some produce a generalized, bilaterally uniform response whereas others have an asymmetric or laterality of action. Recordings from vertebral nerve fibers (mainly vasoconstrictors to forelimb muscles), right and left cardiac sympathetics, and renal nerves show that ba...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kollai M,Koizumi K,Brooks CM

更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rates of reassociation of DNA from a monkey cell line (Vero), from SV40 pseudovirus (consisting of Vero DNA and virus protein coat), and from mature SV40 were measured. The results show that the host DNA in the pseudovirus contains repeated and unique sequences in the same proportions as normal host DNA; hence, no...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grady L,Axelrod D,Trilling D

更新日期：1970-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Signaling in the nervous system requires matching of neurotransmitter receptors with cognate neurotransmitters at synapses. The vertebrate neuromuscular junction is the best studied cholinergic synapse, but the mechanisms by which acetylcholine is matched with acetylcholine receptors are not fully understood. Because ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Borodinsky LN,Spitzer NC

更新日期：2007-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabolic, infectious, and tumor cell-intrinsic noxae can all evoke the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in tumor cells, which is critical for tumor cell growth and cancer progression. Evidence exists that the ER stress response can drive a proinflammatory program in tumor cells and macrophages but, to our k...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mahadevan NR,Rodvold J,Sepulveda H,Rossi S,Drew AF,Zanetti M

更新日期：2011-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Thioredoxin (Trx) is an intracellular redox protein with extracellular cytokine-like and chemokine-like activities. We show here that, although plasma Trx levels are unrelated to survival of HIV-infected individuals with CD4 cell counts above 200/microl blood, survival is significantly impaired (P = 0.003) when plasma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakamura H,De Rosa SC,Yodoi J,Holmgren A,Ghezzi P,Herzenberg LA,Herzenberg LA

更新日期：2001-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:As countries pursue sustainable development across sectors as diverse as health, agriculture, and infrastructure, sectoral policies interact, generating synergies that alter their effectiveness. Identifying those synergies ex ante facilitates the harmonization of policies and provides an important lever to achieve the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pedercini M,Arquitt S,Collste D,Herren H

更新日期：2019-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Human breast cancers contain an RNA related to that of mouse mammary tumor virus. In 79% of the breast malignancies examined, this type of RNA is a 70S-component encapsulated with RNA-instructed DNA polymerase in a particle possessing the density characteristics of RNA tumor viruses. Further, the DNA synthesized by th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Axel R,Gulati SC,Spiegelman S

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preaxial polydactyly (PPD) is a common limb malformation in human. A number of polydactylous mouse mutants indicate that misexpression of Shh is a common requirement for generating extra digits. Here we identify a translocation breakpoint in a PPD patient and a transgenic insertion site in the polydactylous mouse muta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lettice LA,Horikoshi T,Heaney SJ,van Baren MJ,van der Linde HC,Breedveld GJ,Joosse M,Akarsu N,Oostra BA,Endo N,Shibata M,Suzuki M,Takahashi E,Shinka T,Nakahori Y,Ayusawa D,Nakabayashi K,Scherer SW,Heutink P,Hill RE

更新日期：2002-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The genetic basis for virulence in influenza virus is largely unknown. To explore the mutational basis for increased virulence in the lung, the H3N2 prototype clinical isolate, A/HK/1/68, was adapted to the mouse. Genomic sequencing provided the first demonstration, to our knowledge, that a group of 11 mutations can c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brown EG,Liu H,Kit LC,Baird S,Nesrallah M

更新日期：2001-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Actin filaments and integrin-based focal adhesions (FAs) form integrated systems that mediate dynamic cell interactions with their environment or other cells during migration, the immune response, and tissue morphogenesis. How adhesion-associated actin structures obtain their functional specificity is unclear. Here we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skau CT,Plotnikov SV,Doyle AD,Waterman CM

更新日期：2015-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Let Lambda=SL(2)(Z) be the modular group and let c(n)(Lambda) be the number of congruence subgroups of Lambda of index at most n. We prove that lim(n--> infinity )(log c(n)(Lambda)/((log n)(2)/log log n))=(3-2(sqrt)2)/4. The proof is based on the Bombieri-Vinogradov "Riemann hypothesis on the average" and on the solut...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldfeld D,Lubotzky A,Nikolov N,Pyber L

更新日期：2004-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi exists in nature in an enzootic cycle that involves the arthropod vector Ixodes scapularis and mammalian reservoirs. To disseminate within and between these hosts, spirochetes must migrate through complex, polymeric environments such as the basement membrane of the tick...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harman MW,Dunham-Ems SM,Caimano MJ,Belperron AA,Bockenstedt LK,Fu HC,Radolf JD,Wolgemuth CW

更新日期：2012-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:By commandeering cellular translation initiation factors, or destroying those dispensable for viral mRNA translation, viruses often suppress host protein synthesis. In contrast, cellular protein synthesis proceeds in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected cells, forcing viral and cellular mRNAs to compete for limiting ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McKinney C,Perez C,Mohr I

更新日期：2012-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Combined intracellular and microfluorometric recording techniques were used to evaluate whether the inhibition by cholinergic or adrenergic transmitters of the Ca2(+)-activated potassium current (IAHP) in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells was mediated by an alteration of depolarization-induced change in cytosolic free C...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Knöpfel T,Vranesic I,Gähwiler BH,Brown DA

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ultraviolet photosensitivity of the single-stranded forms of poly(A) and poly(dA) is compared. In contrast to poly(A), poly(dA) is rather sensitive to ultraviolet irradiation. Relatively low doses of ultraviolet light lead to characteristic changes of the ultraviolet and circular dichroism spectra of poly(dA), suggest...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pörschke D

更新日期：1973-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A model of protein-ligand binding kinetics, in which slow solvent dynamics results from hydrophobic drying transitions, is investigated. Molecular dynamics simulations show that solvent in the receptor pocket can fluctuate between wet and dry states with lifetimes in each state that are long enough for the extraction ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mondal J,Morrone JA,Berne BJ

更新日期：2013-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) is a member of the beta-defensin family of antibiotic peptides found in the tracheal mucosa of the cow. TAP gene expression in the bovine airway is inducible by lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory mediators, suggesting that it functions to protect the upper airway from infection. L...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yarus S,Rosen JM,Cole AM,Diamond G

更新日期：1996-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Within the mammalian testis, specialized tight junctions between somatic Sertoli cells create basal and apical polarity within the cells, restrict movement of molecules between cells, and separate the seminiferous epithelium into basal and adluminal compartments. These tight junctions form the basis of the blood-testi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meng J,Holdcraft RW,Shima JE,Griswold MD,Braun RE

更新日期：2005-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Mouse granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells were stimulated to divide by the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The two daughter cells were separated; one daughter was transferred to medium containing a high concentration of GM-CSF, the other to medium containing a low concentration. Daughter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Metcalf D

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) recently emerged as an essential player in the inflammatory response to bacterial infections. C/EBPδ levels increase rapidly after a proinflammatory stimulus, and increasing C/EBPδ levels seem to be indispensable for amplification of the inflammatory response. Here we aimed to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duitman J,Schouten M,Groot AP,Borensztajn KS,Daalhuisen JB,Florquin S,van der Poll T,Spek CA

更新日期：2012-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Polyadenylylated RNA synthesized after heat shock was isolated from polysomes of cultured cells of Drosophila melanogaster and used as template to prepare cDNA. An excess of poly(A)-RNA from heat-shocked cells hybridized to 80% of the cDNA, whereas cytoplasmic poly(A)-RNA from cells grown at 25 degrees could drive onl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Biessmann H,Levy B,McCarthy BJ

更新日期：1978-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The alternative splicing of mRNA is a critical process in higher eukaryotes that generates substantial proteomic diversity. Many of the proteins that are essential to this process contain arginine/serine-rich (RS) domains. ZRANB2 is a widely-expressed and highly-conserved RS-domain protein that can regulate alternativ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loughlin FE,Mansfield RE,Vaz PM,McGrath AP,Setiyaputra S,Gamsjaeger R,Chen ES,Morris BJ,Guss JM,Mackay JP

更新日期：2009-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:A crucial step in recent theories of human origins is the emergence of strong pair-bonding between males and females accompanied by a dramatic reduction in the male-to-male conflict over mating and an increased investment in offspring. How such a transition from promiscuity to pair-bonding could be achieved is puzzlin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gavrilets S

更新日期：2012-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple studies have established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Notably, miR-155 is one of the most overexpressed miRNAs in several solid and hematological malignancies. Ectopic miR-155 expression in mice B cells (Eμ-miR-155 transgenic mice) has been shown to induce ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sandhu SK,Volinia S,Costinean S,Galasso M,Neinast R,Santhanam R,Parthun MR,Perrotti D,Marcucci G,Garzon R,Croce CM

更新日期：2012-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Explanation of a process of development must ultimately be couched in the terms of the genomic regulatory code. Specification of an embryonic cell lineage is driven by a network of interactions among genes encoding transcription factors. Here, we present the gene regulatory network (GRN) that directs the specification...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oliveri P,Tu Q,Davidson EH

更新日期：2008-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Efficient apoptotic cell clearance and induction of immunologic tolerance is a critical mechanism preventing autoimmunity and associated pathology. Our laboratory has reported that apoptotic cells induce tolerance by a mechanism dependent on the tryptophan catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in sp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ravishankar B,Liu H,Shinde R,Chaudhary K,Xiao W,Bradley J,Koritzinsky M,Madaio MP,McGaha TL

更新日期：2015-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription and processing of mitochondrial 21S rRNA in a petite strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been examined by electron microscopic analysis of R-loop hybrids and by hybridization of labeled mitochondrial DNA probes to RNA transferred to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper. We have shown the presence of a large...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Merten S,Synenki RM,Locker J,Christianson T,Rabinowitz M

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4 can physically associate with the CD3-T-cell receptor complex as visualized in cocapping experiments. This association occurs when the T-cell receptor is cross-linked by certain anti-variable region antibodies that appear to induce a conformational change in the receptor such that it associate with CD4. Similar as...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rojo JM,Saizawa K,Janeway CA Jr

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Defining bacterial species remains a challenging problem even for the model bacterium Escherichia coli and has major practical consequences for reliable diagnosis of infectious disease agents and regulations for transport and possession of organisms of economic importance. E. coli traditionally is thought to live with...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luo C,Walk ST,Gordon DM,Feldgarden M,Tiedje JM,Konstantinidis KT

更新日期：2011-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the factors required for the antiviral activity of the synthetic nucleoside, ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), is the ability of the molecule to adopt the substrate conformation specified by the enzyme for which it is a competitive inhibitor, inosine 5'-phosphate dehydrogenase (IM...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miles DL,Miles DW,Redington P,Eyring H

更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00