Abstract:
:A study of the synthesis of oligothymidylates via phosphotriester intermediates on a polystyrene support is described. The sequence involves condensation of a phenyl nucleoside-3' -phosphorochloridate with the 5'-hydroxyl group of the carrier bound oligonucleotide derivative in the presence of 1-methylimidazole. Conditions for preparation of the phenyl nucleo-side phosphorochloridate as well as for the condensation on the support are discussed. d-TpTpTpT was obtained in 31% overall yield from carrier bound thymidine in one series of experiments, and d-TpTpTpTpT was obtained in 9% yield in another. The cycle for addition of one nucleotide unit can be completed in about six hours.
journal_name
Nucleic Acids Resjournal_title
Nucleic acids researchauthors
Pless RC,Letsinger RLdoi
10.1093/nar/2.6.773subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1975-06-01 00:00:00pages
773-86issue
6eissn
0305-1048issn
1362-4962journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Metabolite-responsive RNA pseudoknots derived from prokaryotic riboswitches have been shown to stimulate -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF), suggesting -1 PRF as a promising gene expression platform to extend riboswitch applications in higher eukaryotes. However, its general application has been hampered by d...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkw718
更新日期:2016-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::In an extensive analysis, using a range of restriction endonucleases, HinfI and TaqI were found to differentiate satellites I, II and III & IV. Satellite I is resistant to digestion by TaqI, but is cleaved by HinfI to yield three major fragments of approximate size 770, 850 and 950bp, associated in a single length of ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/10.2.547
更新日期:1982-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Three Z-DNA-binding proteins of Mr 31, 33 and 58 kD were isolated from mature bull testis. They were obtained in a native state suitable for binding studies. These are the first examples of Z-DNA-binding proteins from a mammalian tissue. Purification involved tissue extraction with 0.35 M NaCl, cation exchange chromat...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/15.23.9691
更新日期:1987-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting is employed in the expression of a number of viral and cellular genes. In this process, the ribosome slips backwards by a single nucleotide and continues translation of an overlapping reading frame, generating a fusion protein. Frameshifting signals comprise a heptanucleotide slip...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gks629
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many eukaryotic mRNAs one or more short 'upstream' open reading frames, uORFs, precede the initiator of the main coding sequence. Upstream ORFs are functionally diverse as illustrated by their variety of features in polyamine pathway biosynthetic mRNAs. Their propensity to act as sensors for regulatory circuits and...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/nar/gkp1037
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new procedure for the purification of B. subtilis RNA polymerase, based on mild lysis of cells, low speed centrifugation, gel filtration, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and affinity chromatography on DNA-cellulose, yields three forms of enzyme referred here as enzyme A, B and C. As revealed by SDS gel electrophoresis,...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/4.3.603
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase catalyzes the first committed step in fatty acid synthesis. Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase is composed of biotin carboxylase, carboxyltransferase and biotin carboxyl carrier protein functions. The accA and accD genes that code for the alpha- and beta-subunits, respectively, are not in a...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkp1079
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many RNP proteins contain one or more copies of the RNA recognition motif (RRM) and are thought to be involved in cellular RNA metabolism. We have previously characterized in Xenopus a nervous system specific gene, nrp1, that is more similar to the hnRNP A/B proteins than to other known proteins (K. Richter, P. J. Goo...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/21.4.999
更新日期:1993-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::To facilitate transcript mapping and to investigate alterations in genomic structure and gene expression in a defined genomic target, we developed a novel microarray-based method to detect transcriptional activity of the human chromosome 4q22-24 region. Loss of heterozygosity of human 4q22-24 is frequently observed in...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gnh025
更新日期:2004-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Crossostoma lacustre, a freshwater loach from mountain stream of Taiwan, has been cloned and sequenced. This fish mt genome, consisting of 16558 base-pairs, encodes genes for 13 proteins, two rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs, in addition to a regulatory sequence for replication and transcr...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/20.18.4853
更新日期:1992-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Impaired DNA damage repair, especially deficient transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair, leads to segmental progeroid syndromes in human patients as well as in rodent models. Furthermore, DNA double-strand break signalling has been pinpointed as a key inducer of cellular senescence. Several recent findings s...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/nar/gkm1065
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are helical-repeat proteins that offer a promising scaffold for the engineering of proteins to bind specified RNAs. PPR tracts bind RNA in a modular 1-repeat, 1-nucleotide fashion. An amino acid code specifying the bound nucleotide has been elucidated. However, this code does no...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkx1288
更新日期:2018-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::Using sedimentation and cryo electron tomography techniques, the conformations of eukaryotic polyribosomes formed in a long-term cell-free translation system were analyzed over all the active system lifetime (20-30 translation rounds during 6-8 h in wheat germ extract at 25°C). Three distinct types of the conformation...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gku1270
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many genetic manipulations are limited by difficulty in obtaining adequate levels of protein expression. Bioinformatic and experimental studies have identified nucleotide sequence features that may increase expression, however it is difficult to assess the relative influence of these features. Zebrafish embryos are ra...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkv035
更新日期:2015-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1) and bacteriophage λ capsids undergo considerable structural changes during self-assembly and DNA packaging. The initial steps of viral capsid self-assembly require weak, non-covalent interactions between the capsid subunits to ensure free energy minimization and error-free assembly....
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gku634
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA molecules fold into characteristic secondary structures for their diverse functional activities such as post-translational regulation of gene expression. Searching homologs of a pre-defined RNA structural motif, which may be a known functional element or a putative RNA structural motif, can provide useful informat...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkl231
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a cell-free chromatin assembly system derived from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which efficiently packages DNA into minichromosomes in a reaction dependent on exogenous core histones and an ATP-regenerating system. Both supercoiled and relaxed plasmid DNA serve as templates for nucleosomal loading i...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gnh107
更新日期:2004-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleosomes are the most abundant protein-DNA complexes in eukaryotes that provide compaction of genomic DNA and are implicated in regulation of transcription, DNA replication and repair. The details of DNA positioning on the nucleosome and the DNA conformation can provide key regulatory signals. Hydroxyl-radical foot...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkx616
更新日期:2017-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes evolved from bacterial ribosomes by reduction of ribosomal RNAs, increase of ribosomal protein content, and loss of guanine nucleotides. Guanine is the base most sensitive to oxidative damage. By systematically comparing high-quality, small ribosomal subunit RNA sequence alignments an...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gky762
更新日期:2018-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of CLB2 is important both for completion of the normal vegetative cell cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and for departure from the vegetative cell cycle upon nitrogen deprivation. Cell cycle-regulated transcription of CLB2 in the G2/M phase is known to be brought about by a set of proteins including Mcm1p,...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkg638
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The universal L-shaped tertiary structure of tRNAs is maintained with the help of nucleotide modifications within the D- and T-loops, and these modifications are most extensive within hyperthermophilic species. The obligate-commensal Nanoarchaeum equitans and its phylogenetically-distinct host Ignicoccus hospitalis gr...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa411
更新日期:2020-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative real-time PCR has revolutionized many aspects of genetic research, biomedical diagnostics and pathogen detection. Nevertheless, the full potential of this technology has yet to be realized, primarily due to the limitations of the threshold-based methodologies that are currently used for quantitative analy...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gnh177
更新日期:2004-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints serve as surveillance mechanisms to maintain genomic stability, and are regulated by ATM/ATR-mediated signaling pathways that are conserved from yeast to humans. Trypanosoma brucei, an early divergent microbial eukaryote, lacks key components of the conventional DNA damage-ind...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkz476
更新日期:2019-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::This study unveils Mycobacterium smegmatis DinB2 as the founder of a clade of Y-family DNA polymerase that is naturally adept at incorporating ribonucleotides by virtue of a leucine in lieu of a canonical aromatic steric gate. DinB2 efficiently scavenges limiting dNTP and rNTP substrates in the presence of manganese. ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gku752
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of differential expression analyses provide scientists with hundreds to thousands of differentially expressed genes that need to be interpreted in light of the biology of the specific system under study. This requires mapping the genes to functional classifications that can be, for example, the KEGG pathwa...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkt516
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::FASTQ has emerged as a common file format for sharing sequencing read data combining both the sequence and an associated per base quality score, despite lacking any formal definition to date, and existing in at least three incompatible variants. This article defines the FASTQ format, covering the original Sanger stand...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/nar/gkp1137
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular RNA labeling strategies based on bioorthogonal chemical reactions are much less developed in comparison to glycan, protein and DNA due to its inherent instability and lack of effective methods to introduce bioorthogonal reactive functionalities (e.g. azide) into RNA. Here we report the development of a simple...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkv903
更新日期:2016-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::I show that the recognition sequences of Type II restriction systems are correlated with the G + C content of the host bacterial DNA. Almost all restriction systems with G + C rich tetranucleotide recognition sequences are found in species with A + T rich genomes, whereas G + C rich hexanucleotide and octanucleotide r...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/16.5.2283
更新日期:1988-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Starting from a crude E. coli extract, two activities which specifically protect highly repetitive bacterial DNA sequences (called PU for Palindromic Unit or REP for Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic sequence) against a digestion with Exonuclease III have been purified. We show that one of these activities is due to t...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/18.13.3941
更新日期:1990-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 (HNF-4), a liver-enriched orphan receptor of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is required for the expression of a wide variety of liver-specific genes including apoAI. To explore the possibility that site A of the apoAI gene enhancer might also be the target for HNF-4 without the interfere...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/22.25.5665
更新日期:1994-12-25 00:00:00