Abstract:
:A generic drug product (test product) is bioequivalent to an innovator product (reference product) when their bioavailabilities in the same molar dose are similar. Bioavailability is expressed by pharmacokinetic parameters such as the area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the time of maximum plasma concentration (tmax). The assessment of bioequivalence is carried out by in vivo bioequivalence studies. This paper examines and appraises design issues for performing a bioequivalence study: the use of crossover, parallel, replicated, and add-on designs; and the determination of sample size. In addition, it presents the valid statistical approaches for proving bioequivalence: average bioequivalence on transformed and untransformed data; parametric and non-parametric analyses; moment based individual bioequivalence; direct curve comparison metrics.
journal_name
Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinetjournal_title
European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokineticsauthors
Zintzaras Edoi
10.1007/BF03226406keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
41-6issue
1-2eissn
0378-7966issn
2107-0180journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract::COR3224 is a new 2-amino-2 oxazoline derivative with antidepressant properties. The distribution, excretion and metabolism of radiochemically labelled 14C-COR3224 has been investigated in the rat after intravenous injection. The compound was widely distributed and rapidly excreted. Hydroxylation and sulphate conjugati...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::10 healthy lactating women were treated orally with the anthelmintic praziquantel (Biltricide), and the resulting timedependent concentrations of the unchanged substance in plasma and milk were determined simultaneously. 5 of the women ("1st trial") received the single dose of 50 mg/kg; the other 5 women ("2nd trial")...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03189426
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The disposition kinetics of the N-oxide of picobenzide were studied after administration to rabbits at a bolus dose of 30 mg/kg of picobenzide intravenously. The biotransformation process fits a first-order kinetic process, and the metabolite shows good access capacity to the peripheral compartment. The N-oxide of pic...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03190837
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzo[alpha]pyrene (B[a]P) is a product derived from incomplete combustion of organic material and is considered responsible for chemically-induced cancer in humans. In the present study, the levels of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03189998
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors upon which the first order rate constant depends in order to assess the impact on the body-drug concentration when it changes throughout a treatment. A reasoning for linking the first order rate constants with several factors in a multiplicative way was proposed ...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03190573
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of flumecinol (Zixoryn) a new hepatic enzyme inducer has been studied in four beagle dogs and six healthy volunteers. The beagle dogs and the volunteers received the drug orally in a dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight and of 100 mg single dose respectively. Flumecinol was extracted from plasma with d...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03188725
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this work was to study the influence of labelling on caffeine metabolism according to the incubation mode. It has been observed that labelling induces an isotopic effect on metabolisation speed: apparent half-lives are systematically increased. Moreover, isotopic effects are in agreement with those previous...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03189795
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Doxorubicin plays an essential role in the treatment of paediatric cancers. Defining genotypes with a higher risk for developing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity could help to reduce cardiotoxicity. METHODS:Data originated from a phase II study assessing the pharmacokinetics of doxorubici...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13318-019-00592-6
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes an approach permitting the determination of compartmental concentration and drug kinetics in the case of chronobiological variations of elimination rate. ...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03190035
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a single dose, randomized, cross-over study, with one week of wash-out period, the relative bioavailability of Dopegyt tablets containing 250 mg alpha-methyldopa (AMD) and Presinol film tablets with identical active ingredient content was examined in 24 healthy volunteers. Since technologically two completely diffe...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03190372
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Chalcone constitutes one of the most used molecular frameworks in medicinal chemistry and its derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. Low absolute bioavailability, poor distribution, intensive metabolism and elimination of chalcones are the main problems in designing new...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13318-016-0320-y
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intermittent inhalation exposure of adult male rats to dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, perchloroethylene or to a combination of trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane for 5 days, for 6 h daily, induced significantly different accumulations of solvent molecules in the body. Adipose tissu...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF03189473
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the effect of a commercial preparation of stevioside and a synthetic compound, sodium salt of monketocholic acid (MKC), administered per os (p.o.) and also adminstered via an osmotic pump, on glycemia in normoglycemic and diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced with alloxan, 100 mg/kg, i.p. ...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03191014
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic clearance of 3H-gitoxin was studied in the rabbit using an isolated perfused liver technique with an emulsion of a perfluorocarbon. The liposoluble material in the perfusion medium was extracted with dichloromethane, and gitoxin was assayed in the extract by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokine...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03189704
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Experimental determination of a drug's oral bioavailability in humans is cost and time consuming; therefore, is usually performed on preclinical animals. It is believed that animal data are predictive of human data; however, there are some doubts regarding the reliability of this concept. The aim of this stu...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13318-020-00636-2
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many drugs administered per os, high variability in the concentration-time (C-T) values from first sampling to the phase of distribution may cause difficulty in pharmacokinetic analysis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to propose a method of transformation of C-T data, which would allow significantly reducing...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13318-013-0145-x
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A multicompartmental pharmacokinetic model is presented, which based upon data from a previous study, describes the effects of ethanol (60 mM) on the metabolism of codeine (10 microM) in isolated rat hepatocytes. According to this model, about one third of codeine metabolized was transformed to morphine (13%) and norc...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03189852
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The profile of urinary metabolites of 3H-arbaprostil was characterized in the male dog after intravenous administration. The major metabolites were purified and their structures deduced by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) studies after conversion to the methyl ester-methoxime-trimethylsilyl ether derivativ...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03191312
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Ginseng is usually consumed as a dietary supplement for health care in the normal state or prescribed as a herbal medicine in pathologic conditions. Although metabolic studies of ginseng are commonly performed on healthy organisms, the metabolic characteristics in pathologic organisms remain un...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13318-020-00645-1
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mathematical models that can predict the kinetics of compounds have been increasingly adopted for drug development and risk assessment. Data for these models may be generated from in vitro experimental systems containing enzymes contributing to metabolic clearance, such as subcellular tissue fractions including micros...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13318-020-00666-w
更新日期:2020-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::A simple and sensitive HPLC method has been developed and validated for the determination of tyrosol galactoside (TG) in rat plasma. After one-step protein precipitation with methanol, plasma samples were separated on an Ultimate AQ-C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) using acetonitrile-water (7:93, v/v) as mobile phase ...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13318-010-0015-8
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Lidocaine 5% medicated plaster is the first lidocaine containing product for chronic use. As no previous investigations have been conducted to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of long-term exposure to lidocaine 5% medicated plasters, further insights into the evaluation of the pharmaco...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s13318-017-0400-7
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacokinetic gender-dependent differences in cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism, especially CYP3A4, and their clinical implications are increasingly apparent. CYP3A4 seems to be the most important CYP isoform in both bioactivation and N-dechloroethylation of the alkylating prodrug ifosfamide, but informations...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03190396
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of phenobarbital pretreatment on liver concentration of digitoxin and its metabolites was studied in guinea-pigs after i.p. administration of the cardiac glycoside. During the first hour an increase in liver uptake was observed in pretreated animals. The differences detected in the hepatic subcellular di...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03189562
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apomorphine was administered subcutaneously and intranasally to 7 patients suffering from Parkinsonism with 'on-off' problems. This comparative pharmacokinetic study showed that the two routes of administration are comparable with respect to absorption kinetics. Apomorphine is rapidly absorbed when administered intran...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03192285
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the response of cortisol, insulin and lipid parameters [serum Lipoprotein Lipase activity, choleseryl-ester transfer protein, triglycerides, total Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein, Free Fatty Acids] during the perioperative period in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic ...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03190596
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dissolution kinetics of two solid and oral formulations of bezafibrate have been studied. These preparations are available in the Spanish market. Both of them are tablets, one conventional-release (A) and the other slow-release formulation (C). Dissolution studies have been performed using the system proposed by t...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microcomputers have been used in pharmacokinetics for several years, but their use in the area of formulation is a new application. By using appropriate data on the drug, the dosage form required and its mechanism of absorption and clearance, microcomputers can systematize and speed-up formulation, simplify manufactur...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF03189611
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of the nootropic drug oxiracetam was studied in 6 elderly female patients (age range 69-96 years) in good physical condition. After a single oral dose (800 mg), serum oxiracetam levels reached a peak (25 +/- 6 micrograms/ml) within 1-3 h and declined thereafter with a half-life of 3 to 6 h. Eighty-four pe...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03189889
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::SC-46264 is an antagonist of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor. Distribution and excretion of [14C]-SC-46264 were studied after single and repeated daily oral administrations to the Cynomolgus monkey at a 1.5 mg/kg dose. After a single oral administration, more than 95% of the administered dose was recovered within 48 h...
journal_title:European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03188812
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00