Abstract:
PURPOSE:To characterize multilamellar bodies (MLBs), determine their distribution along the optic axis and predict their potential Mie scattering within human age-related nuclear cataracts. Previous studies restricted to the equatorial plane have shown that MLBs are rare spherical objects that are 1-4 microm in diameter and covered by multiple layers of thin lipid-rich membranes. METHODS:Eight human aged transparent lenses were obtained from eye bank donors and eight human age-related nuclear cataracts were obtained immediately after extracapsular extraction. Each sample was Vibratome sectioned fresh into 200 microm thick sections that were fixed and embedded for light or electron microscopy. Light micrograph montages of the optic axis containing the juvenile, fetal and embryonic nuclei were examined. Mie scattering for random coated spherical particles was calculated based on assumed and measured particle parameters. RESULTS:Cells along the optic axis of the cataract contained approximately 7.5 times more MLBs as similar regions of the aged transparent lens, although these MLBs occurred with extremely low frequency. Cells of the aged transparent lens contained 1.3 MLBs mm(-2), while those of the cataract contained 9.6 MLBs mm(-2), which are equivalent to calculated densities of 5.6 x 10(2) and 4.1 x 10(3)mm(-3), respectively. While some MLBs were located within the cytoplasm near cell membranes, others were found away from membranes. The MLBs are distinct from circular profiles resulting from finger-like projections between adjacent cells. MLBs displayed varying geometries and cytoplasmic textures, although predominately spherical with interiors similar to adjacent fiber cell cytoplasm. These results are in agreement with previous theoretical analysis of light scattering from human lenses and with previous morphological studies examining the equatorial plane of the lens. Potential Mie scattering of spherical particles with the average properties of the observed MLBs and assumed refractive index properties was calculated to be forward scattering of as much as 20% of the incident light. CONCLUSIONS:The observed low frequency and absence of clustering of MLBs in the equatorial plane and along the optic axis suggests that MLBs are most likely uniformly distributed throughout the embryonic, fetal and juvenile nuclei of age-related cataracts. Because of their size, distribution, textured cytoplasm and calculated Mie scattering, MLBs probably cause local fluctuations in refractive index in human lens nuclei and, therefore, are potential sources of low-angle, forward light scattering that could impair image formation.
journal_name
Exp Eye Resjournal_title
Experimental eye researchauthors
Gilliland KO,Freel CD,Johnsen S,Craig Fowler W,Costello MJdoi
10.1016/j.exer.2004.05.017keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-10-01 00:00:00pages
563-76issue
4eissn
0014-4835issn
1096-0007pii
S0014-4835(04)00195-2journal_volume
79pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Preretinal pH was measured in the avascular region of 19 rabbit retinas during alternating cycles of light and dark, using a miniature, needle-type pH electrode. In 14 experiments with the rabbits breathing room air, cyclic changes in pH, decreasing in the dark and increasing in the light, were observed. The transitio...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(91)90106-o
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The autonomic innervation in the anterior chamber (AC) structures might play an efferent role in neural intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation, the center of which is thought to be located in the hypothalamus. In this study, we identified the efferent pathway from the hypothalamus to the autonomic innervation in the AC...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108367
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Certain mutations in optineurin (gene OPTN) are associated with primary open angle glaucoma. Optineurin is ubiquitously expressed but it shows high level of expression in certain cells and tissues including retinal ganglion cells. It interacts with many proteins, often acting as an adaptor to link two or more proteins...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2015.08.020
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type I and type II isoenzymes of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase were identified by anion exchange chromatography and immunoblotting in human retina at various stages of development. The type I form was typical of the early fetal stage during which proliferation and migration were the primary cellular processes. I...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(89)90059-6
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a variety of tissues including gastrointestinal mucosa, rebamipide (REB) provides cytoprotection, prevents inflammation, and promotes wound healing. Clinically, REB ophthalmic dispersions are used to treat diabetic keratopathy. In this study, we investigated the optimal particle size of REB to promote corneal wound...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2016.07.003
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is characterized by intraocular formation of fibroglial vascularized tissue by active vasoproliferative mechanisms. Using immunocytochemistry, we have studied changes in the distribution pattern of fibronectin (FN), laminin (LN), vitronectin (VN) and their receptors in the newl...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(05)80079-x
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a result of longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA), longer wavelengths are blurred when shorter wavelengths are in focus, and vice versa. As a result, LCA affects the color and temporal aspects of the retinal image with hyperopic defocus. In this experiment, we investigated how the sensitivity to temporal color co...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108331
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have suggested that antioxidants retard the process of cataractogenesis by scavenging free oxygen radicals. The present study sought to assess the efficacy of the antioxidant acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) in preventing selenite-induced cataractogenesis in an experimental setting. The first, in vitro phase...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2006.07.009
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early-onset Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) has been associated with nonsynonymous mutations in collagen VIII α2 (COL8A2), a key extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in Descemet's membrane (DM). Two knock-in strains of mice have been generated to each express a mutant COL8A2 protein (Col8a2L450W/L450W and Col...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.021
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Basement membranes isolated from the entire neural retinae of normal cows consist of a heterogeneous mixture of polypeptides resolvable as two major populations, one collagenous and the other non-collagenous. The non-collagenous population consists of disulfide-bonded aggregates of which the major fraction is soluble ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(83)90010-6
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that corneal endothelial cells contain mRNA and protein of various growth factors. However, the role of these endogenous growth factors in corneal endothelial wound healing is not fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the role of endogenous factors and several growth facto...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2000.0918
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine, produced from the decomposition of adenosine triphosphate, is believed to provide protective effects during ischemia. On the other hand, adenosine metabolites may serve as precursors for oxygen free radical formation. The time course of formation of adenosine and its purine metabolites was studied during re...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1997.0391
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinal neovascularization (NV) due to retinal ischemia is one of the major causes of vision reduction in patients with different types of retinal diseases although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy can partially reduce the size of the retinal NV. We recently reported that periostin plays an ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2016.10.012
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::All aqueous humor draining through the conventional outflow pathway must cross the endothelium of Schlemm's canal (SC), likely by passing through micron-sized transendothelial pores. SC pores are non-uniformly distributed along the inner wall endothelium, but it is unclear how the distribution of pores relates to the ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2014.11.008
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myocilin is a 55-57kDa secreted glycoprotein and member of the olfactomedin family, which is mutated in some forms of primary open-angle glaucoma. To assess the effects of elevated amounts of myocilin on aqueous humor outflow dynamics in an in vivo system, transgenic betaB1-crystallin-MYOC mice have been developed tha...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2008.06.006
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulation of specific deposits and extracellular molecules under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been previously observed in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and may play a role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Even though age is the major determinant for developing AMD, clinical studies have re...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2009.02.020
更新日期:2009-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) constitutes a monolayer of cuboidal cells that interact apically with the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) and outer segments of the photoreceptor cells and basally with the subjacent Bruch's membrane. This highly polarized structure is maintained by the cytoskeleton of individual c...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2013.09.015
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormal migration and proliferation of endothelial cells (EC) drive neovascular retinopathies. While anti-VEGF treatment slows progression, pathology is often supported by decrease in intraocular pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis. A surface helical 34-mer peptide of PED...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2019.107798
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a natural biomaterial and has excellent biochemical and physical properties with a history of proven biocompatibility in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recent reports of fibrin-based matrices have offered new opportunities to apply PRF as a supplement for in vi...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2018.04.013
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mounting evidence suggests neuroinflammation is a key process in glaucoma, yet the precise roles are not known. Understanding these complex processes, which may also be a key in other common neurodegenerations such as Alzheimer's disease, will lead to targeted therapeutics for a disease that affects as many as 80 mill...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2017.02.014
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::miRNA-7a plays critical roles in various biological aspects in health and disease. We aimed to reveal roles of miR-7a in mouse retinal development by loss- and gain-of-function analyses of miR-7a. Plasmids encoding miR-7a or miR-7a-decoy (anti-sense miR-7a) were introduced into mouse retina at P0, and the retina was c...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2015.06.022
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-translational modifications and/or structural changes induced by modifications are likely causes of the decrease in crystallin solubility associated with aging and the development of cataract. Characterization of human lens crystallins by mass spectrometry has demonstrated that betaB2-crystallin undergoes less mo...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2001.1023
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lack of an optimal in vitro model of human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells is a major limitation in studying normal functions and gene regulations in HCE. Moreover, availability of a multi-layered HCE culture can reduce the usage of animals in the toxicity testing of consumer products. We have developed tetracycline-re...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(03)00175-1
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of the EGF family of growth factors and EGF receptor subtypes (ErbB1-4) present in lacrimal gland and determine the effects of these growth factors on different functions of rat lacrimal gland. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression in the lacrimal gland o...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2004.10.006
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) are involved in tumour invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, and have been implicated as progression markers in uveal melanoma, although their topographical expression has not been fully described. In this study we compared the distribution and sp...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2008.03.010
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to hyposmotic solution causes release of ATP from lens cells via hemichannels. Because hemichannel opening feasibly could swamp the cells with calcium, we carried out studies to measure the magnitude of the increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration caused by hemichannel opening. In studies on porcine lens...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.012
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments (OS) by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a receptor mediated process. A key component of this process is the receptor tyrosine kinase, Mer. RPE cells from the RCS rat, which lacks a functional mer gene, and do not express Mer protein, are able to bind OS, but are...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(03)00158-1
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much controversy has arisen on the nature and sources of stem cells in the adult human retina. Whilst ciliary epithelium has been thought to constitute a source of neural stem cells, a population of Müller glia in the neural retina has also been shown to exhibit neurogenic characteristics. This study aimed to compare ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2011.09.015
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of acute exposure to various intensities of white light on visual behavior and retinal structure was evaluated in the T4R RHO dog, a naturally-occurring model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa due to a mutation in the Rhodopsin gene. A total of 14 dogs (ages: 4-5.5 months) were used in this study: ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2016.04.006
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule which has recently been localized in a variety of cell types. It mediates cell attachment to extracellular matrix components and also binds to the actin cytoskeleton within the cell. In this study, the presence and distribution of CD44 in the mouse retina...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1994.1026
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00