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Incidence and risk factors associated with pressure ulcers among patients with HIV infection.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:To assess the incidence of and risk factors for pressure ulcers among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. DESIGN:Multicenter trial that included 1258 consecutive patients infected with HIV-1 who had 1815 admissions to 16 acute care infectious disease units in Italy. METHODS:Data were collected for demographic, clinical, immunologic, and virologic parameters. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, and the Student t test was used for continuous variables. Univariate analysis was performed to examine possible risk factors for pressure ulcers by computing odds ratios; a multiple logistic regression model was used to obtain adjusted estimates of odds ratios while accounting for all possible risk factors. RESULTS:The incidence of pressure ulcers was 2.31 per 100 admissions, 3.33 per 100 patients, and 1.06 per 1000 patient days. All stages of pressure ulcers were represented in the sample: 7 Stage I (15.9%), 24 Stage II (54.5%), 8 Stage III (18.2%), and 5 Stage IV (11.4%). Multivariate analyses showed that being female, length of hospitalization, and clinical markers of HIV infection were independently associated with pressure ulcers. Mortality rates were 50% among patients with pressure ulcers and 7.2% among patients without pressure ulcers (P <.0001), with an attributable mortality rate of 42.8% and an odds ratio of 12.96 (95% confidence interval 6.99-24.22). CONCLUSIONS:A higher incidence of pressure ulcers was found in patients infected with HIV-1 when compared with noninfected patients. Because a longer hospitalization may increase the risk of developing a pressure ulcer, practitioners should be aware of the clinical conditions that may prolong a patient's hospital stay. Aggressive preventive strategies should be implemented to decrease the complications associated with pressure ulcers among patients infected with HIV-1.

journal_name

Adv Skin Wound Care

journal_title

Advances in skin & wound care

authors

Nicastri E,Viale P,Lyder CH,Cristini F,Martini L,Preziosi G,Dodi F,Irato L,Pan A,Petrosillo N,Gruppo HIV ed Infezioni Ospedaliere.

doi

10.1097/00129334-200406000-00011

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-06-01 00:00:00

pages

226-31

issue

5 Pt 1

eissn

1527-7941

issn

1538-8654

pii

00129334-200406000-00011

journal_volume

pub_type

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Incidence and risk factors associated with pressure ulcers among patients with HIV infection.