Hyperhomocysteinemia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcoholic liver injury.

Abstract:

:Deficiencies in vitamins or other factors (B6, B12, folic acid, betaine) and genetic disorders for the metabolism of the non-protein amino acid-homocysteine (Hcy) lead to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). HHcy is an integral component of several disorders including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, diabetes and alcoholic liver disease. HHcy unleashes mediators of inflammation such as NFkappaB, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8, increases production of intracellular superoxide anion causing oxidative stress and reducing intracellular level of nitric oxide (NO), and induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which can explain many processes of Hcy-promoted cell injury such as apoptosis, fat accumulation, and inflammation. Animal models have played an important role in determining the biological effects of HHcy. ER stress may also be involved in other liver diseases such as alpha (1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT) deficiency and hepatitis C and/or B virus infection. Future research should evaluate the possible potentiative effects of alcohol and hepatic virus infection on ER stress-induced liver injury, study potentially beneficial effects of lowering Hcy and preventing ER stress in alcoholic humans, and examine polymorphism of Hcy metabolizing enzymes as potential risk-factors for the development of HHcy and liver disease.

journal_name

World J Gastroenterol

authors

Ji C,Kaplowitz N

doi

10.3748/wjg.v10.i12.1699

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-06-15 00:00:00

pages

1699-708

issue

12

eissn

1007-9327

issn

2219-2840

journal_volume

10

pub_type

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