Abstract：
:Wright's method of estimating the number of genes contributing to the difference in a quantitative character between two populations involves observing the means and variances of the two parental populations and their hybrid populations. Although simple, Wright's method provides seriously biased estimates, largely due to linkage and unequal effects of alleles. A method is suggested to evaluate the bias of Wright's estimate, which relies on estimation of the mean recombination frequency between a pair of loci and a composite parameter of variability of allelic effects and frequencies among loci. Assuming that the loci are uniformly distributed in the genome, the mean recombination frequency can be calculated for some organisms. Theoretical analysis and an analysis of the Drosophila data on distributions of effects of P element inserts on bristle numbers indicate that the value of the composite parameter is likely to be about three or larger for many quantitative characters. There are, however, some serious problems with the current method, such as the irregular behavior of the statistic and large sampling variances of estimates. Because of that, the method is generally not recommended for use unless several favorable conditions are met. These conditions are: the two parental populations are many phenotypic standard deviations apart, linkage is not tight, and the sample size is very large. An example is given on the fruit weight of tomato from a cross with parental populations differing in means by more than 14 phenotypic standard deviations. It is estimated that the number of loci which account for 95% of the genic variance in the F2 population is 16, with a 95% confidence interval of 7-28, and the effect of the leading locus is 13% of the parental difference, with 95% confidence interval 8.5-25.7%.
journal_name
Geneticsjournal_title
Geneticsauthors
Zeng ZBkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-08-01 00:00:00pages
987-1001issue
4eissn
0016-6731issn
1943-2631journal_volume
131pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
GENETICS文献大全abstract：:The existence of temporally stable frequency clines for In(2L)t in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster suggests a role for selection in the maintenance of this polymorphism. We have collected nucleotide polymorphism data from the proximal breakpoint junction regions of In(2L)t to infer its evolutionary hist...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hybrid incompatibility can result from gene misregulation produced by divergence in trans-acting regulatory factors and their cis-regulatory targets. However, change in trans-acting factors may be constrained by pleiotropy, which would in turn limit the evolution of incompatibility. We employed a mechanistically expli...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.114.171397
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We show that major chromosomal rearrangements can occur upon T-DNA transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. In the ACL4 line, two T-DNA insertion loci were found; one is a tandem T-DNA insert in a head-to-head orientation, and the other is a truncated insert with only the left part of the T-region. The four flanking DN...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rates of molecular evolution at some loci are more irregular than described by simple Poisson processes. Three situations under which molecular evolution would not follow simple Poisson processes are reevaluated from the viewpoint of the neutrality hypothesis: concomitant or multiple substitutions in a gene, fluctuati...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have analyzed donor and target sites of the mobile element Activator (Ac) that are altered as a result of somatic transposition from the P locus in maize. Previous genetic analysis has indicated that the two mitotic daughter lineages which result from Ac transposition from P differ in their Ac constitution at the P...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Boundaries (insulators) in the Drosophila bithorax complex (BX-C) delimit autonomous regulatory domains that orchestrate the parasegment (PS)-specific expression of the BX-C homeotic genes. The Fab-7 boundary separates the iab-6 and iab-7 regulatory domains, which control Abd-B expression in PS11 and PS12, respectivel...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.118.301259
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mitochondrial genome of Neurospora is usually found in a single covalently closed circular 62-kbp DNA molecule. We report here that the mitochondrial genome of a phenotypic revertant of a stopper mutant (stp-ruv) is contained primarily in two separate, nonoverlapping, autonomously replicating circular chromosomes....
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A point connecting a pair of homologous regions of DNA duplexes moves along the homology in a reaction intermediate of the homologous recombination. Formulating this movement as a random walk, we were previously successful at explaining the dependence of the recombination frequency on the homology length. Recently, th...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clf1p is an essential, highly conserved protein in S. cerevisiae that has been implicated in pre-mRNA splicing. Clf1p's ortholog in Drosophila, Crn, is required for normal cell proliferation. Cells depleted of Clf1p arrest primarily with large buds, a single nucleus, a 2C DNA content, and a short, intact mitotic spind...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present report is a study of 60 intragenic suppressors located in the A or E group of the b2 spore-color locus of Ascobolus immersus. The frameshift nature of the suppressors was shown by 19 combinations of plus and minus suppressor mutations. The location of the mutation sites on the genetic map of group A was de...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A previously employed method that uses the composition of noncoding DNA as the basis of a test for selection between synonymous codons in plastid genes is reevaluated. The test requires the assumption that in the absence of selective differences between synonymous codons the composition of silent sites in coding seque...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent investigations of evolution in heterogeneous environments have begun to accommodate genetic and environmental complexity typical of natural populations. Theoretical studies demonstrate that evolution of polygenic characters depends heavily on the genetic interdependence of the expression of traits in the differ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genes expressed in testes are critical to male reproductive success, affecting spermatogenesis, sperm competition, and sperm-egg interaction. Comparing the evolution of testis proteins at different taxonomic levels can reveal which genes and functional classes are targets of natural and sexual selection and whether th...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.107.085902
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of fitness effects of new mutations (DFE) is important for addressing several questions in genetics, including the nature of quantitative variation and the evolutionary fate of small populations. Properties of the DFE can be inferred by comparing the distributions of the frequencies of segregating nuc...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.107.080663
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Detecting and quantifying the differences in individual genomes (i.e., genotyping), plays a fundamental role in most modern bioinformatics pipelines. Many scientists now use reduced representation next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches for genotyping. Genotyping diploid individuals using NGS is a well-studied fie...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.118.301468
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A subset of cancers rely on telomerase-independent mechanisms to maintain their chromosome ends. The predominant "alternative lengthening of telomeres" pathway appears dependent on homology-directed repair (HDR) to maintain telomeric DNA. However, the molecular changes needed for cells to productively engage in telome...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.119.302606
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Associative overdominance, the fitness difference between heterozygotes and homozygotes at a neutral locus, is classically described using two categories of models: linkage disequilibrium in small populations or identity disequilibrium in infinite, partially selfing populations. In both cases, only equilibrium situati...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PGM plays a central role in the glycolytic pathway at the branch point leading to glycogen metabolism and is highly polymorphic in allozyme studies of many species. We have characterized the nucleotide diversity across the Pgm gene in Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans to investigate the role that protein polymor...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transmission ratio distortion (TRD) is the departure from the expected genotypic frequencies under Mendelian inheritance. This departure can be due to multiple physiological mechanisms during gametogenesis, fertilization, fetal and embryonic development, and early neonatal life. Although a few TRD loci have been repor...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.111.135988
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Florida teosinte from Honduras and Guanajuato teosinte have most of their knobs internally located and a common inversion in the short arm of chromosome 8. Teosintes from northern Guatemala, Huixta and Monajil, have all their knobs terminally located and do not have any inversions. Therefore, Florida teosinte from Hon...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four genes encoding the major egg yolk polypeptides of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata, vitellogenins 1 and 2 (VG1 and VG2), were cloned, characterized and partially sequenced. The genes are located on the same region of chromosome 5 and are organized in pairs, each encoding the two polypeptides on oppo...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knowledge of the rate and fitness effects of mutations is essential for understanding the process of evolution. Mutations are inherently difficult to study because they are rare and are frequently eliminated by natural selection. In the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, mutations can accumulate in the germline genome w...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.113.153536
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zymograms were analyzed of a number of Triticum aestivum derivatives which incorporated a segment of the Aegilops umbellulata chromosome bearing resistance to leaf rust. Evidence has been presented which suggests that genes involved in the production of two peroxidases and a single peptidase are located on the short a...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1972-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The larval cuticle protein (Lcp) cluster in Drosophila melanogaster contains four functional genes and a closely related pseudogene. A 630-bp fragment including the larval cuticle pseudogene locus (Lcp psi) was nucleotide sequenced in 10 strains of D. melanogaster and a 458-bp Lcp psi fragment from D. simulans was als...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Initial events in double-strand break repair by homologous recombination in vivo involve homology searching, 3' strand invasion, and new DNA synthesis. While studies in yeast have contributed much to our knowledge of these processes, in comparison, little is known of the early events in the integrated mammalian system...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.110.115196
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parameters of continuous distributions of effects and rates of spontaneous mutation for relative viability in Drosophila are estimated by maximum likelihood from data of two published experiments on accumulation of mutations on protected second chromosomes. A model of equal mutant effects gives a poor fit to the data ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genic heterozygosity and variation were studied in the permanent translocation heterozygotes Oenothera biennis I, Oe. biennis II, Oe. biennis III, Oe. strigosa, Oe. parviflora I, Oe. parviflora II, and in the related bivalent formers Oe. argillicola and Oe. hookeri. From variation at 20 enzyme loci, we find that trans...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In meiosis, multiple different DNA sequence motifs help to position homologous recombination at hotspots in the genome. How do the seemingly disparate cis-acting regulatory modules each promote locally the activity of the basal recombination machinery? We defined molecular mechanisms of action for five different hotsp...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.119.302679
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recombination frequency as influenced by five independent recessive ds genes was measured on three segments of different chromosomes of rice, Oryza sativa L. Each ds gene in the homozygous condition resulted in an almost equally reduced recombination frequency in the three segments. When the mean reduction in reco...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycomb group response elements (PREs) play an essential role in gene regulation by the Polycomb group (PcG) repressor proteins in Drosophila. PREs are required for the recruitment and maintenance of repression by the PcG proteins. PREs are made up of binding sites for multiple DNA-binding proteins, but it is still u...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.113.153247
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
