Abstract：
:Modern contraception is considered to be one the major advances of the 20th century. Yet, as the next century begins, it is estimated that there is still a largely unmet need for contraception, with millions of couples worldwide who express a wish to limit the number of their children but do not use or are not satisfied with their contraceptive method. While the reasons are numerous, it is clear that there is a need for improved and new methods which are easier to use, under the user's control, with fewer side-effects and responding to the needs of different groups of users, including men. To respond to this need, current contraceptive research and development efforts focus on five main areas: emergency post-coital methods, user-controlled long-acting methods, dual protection methods against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, methods for men, and methods with fewer side-effects including some that are more targeted to specific reproductive biological events. A number of leads are presented which are at various stages of development. Concluding remarks stress the numerous challenges of contraceptive development, not the least of which is the vision required of what the needs of future generations will be, since it takes 10-15 years to bring a new contraceptive to the market. More fundamentally, overall progress towards reducing the unmet need for contraception will depend on the status of women, specifically their decision-making power, and access to education and income.
journal_name
Reprod Biomed Onlinejournal_title
Reproductive biomedicine onlineauthors
D'Arcangues Cdoi
10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61962-1keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
34-41issue
1eissn
1472-6483issn
1472-6491pii
S1472-6483(10)61962-1journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In this prospective randomized study, women with idiopathic karyotypically normal premature ovarian failure (POF) were treated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and gonadotrophins with and without the addition of corticosteroids in an attempt to restore ovarian function. The study comprised 58 women ...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60711-0
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Bertarelli Foundation aims to promote understanding of infertility. Two international conferences in 1999 and 2002 have highlighted the importance of multiple gestations, which have been recognized as a major problem associated with assisted reproductive technologies and ovulation induction therapies. For this rea...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62242-0
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The advent of recombinant gonadotrophins brought significant changes in fertility therapy. Treatment options with recombinant gonadotrophins add more to knowledge on folliculogenesis and ovarian steroidogenesis. Over a decade, recombinant LH (rLH) has been used for clinical trials, and the amount of peripheral LH that...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61123-6
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) are occurring worldwide. New clinics specializing in this approach to the control of disease genes or imbalanced chromosome numbers in human preimplantation embryos continue to increase. One exception is Japan, where the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology ...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62138-4
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our understanding of the composition of the microbial communities that inhabit the human body, known as the 'microbiome', is aided by the development of non-culture-dependent DNA sequencing. It is increasingly apparent that the balance of microbial species greatly affects the health of the host. Disturbances in the co...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.04.005
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study describes and compares the possible effects of vitrification on the ultrastructural morphology of 20 human mature oocytes vitrified using two different supports, cryoleaf (n = 10) and cryoloop (n = 10). Fresh human mature oocytes (n = 15) were used as controls. Fresh and vitrified-warmed oocytes appeared ro...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60280-5
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis International Society (PGDIS) was organized in October 2002, with the purpose of encouraging and co-ordinating research, education and training in this multidisciplinary field, requiring a close collaboration of obstetricians, fertility specialists, embryologists and human genetic...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 指南,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60567-6
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In medicine the changes in therapies are the evidence of the progress in knowledge. But many examples concerning the treatment of early spontaneous abortion, late abortion, menopause, contraception and infertility show that gynaecologists and obstetricians change their treatments just as fashion designers change their...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60903-0
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early pregnancy loss (EPL) significantly reduces the initial success rate of assisted reproduction treatments and increases the psychological burden on the patient. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between embryo quality and EPL in IVF. A retrospective study of 1471 women undergoing IVF ...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60637-2
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and recurrent miscarriage (RM) has been long established, but the relative importance of this condition as a cause of RM is far from clear. Previous studies on the prevalence of PCOS in RM have been hampered by a lack of objective and universally accepted criter...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.06.003
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article attempts to capture the dynamics of return reproductive tourism to the Middle East, based on ethnographic research undertaken at four different Middle Eastern locales (Egypt, Lebanon, United Arab Emirates and Arab America). Across the Middle Eastern diaspora, which is now vast, due to the disruptions of w...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.08.006
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：RESEARCH QUESTION:Does anogenital distance (AGD) differ in newborn infants conceived through assisted reproduction technology (ART) compared with those conceived naturally? DESIGN:This case-control study looked at anthropometric and anogenital measurements in 247 male and 200 female newborns born after ART (n = 121) o...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.04.019
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to devise an evidence-based scoring system for prioritizing mosaic aneuploid embryos for transfer. A retrospective analysis was performed of all sequential cytogenetic and molecular results on chorionic villi samples (n = 72,472) and products of conception (n = 3806) analysed at a single cent...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.01.005
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous disease that involves menstrual dysfunction and reproductive difficulty, as well as metabolic problems. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of myo-inositol (MYO) and d-chiro-inositol (DCI) on improving oocyte or embryo quality and pregna...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.07.005
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are substances present in the environment that can interfere with normal hormonal balance and thus exert potentially adverse health effects on the human organism. Male reproductive system development and function may be susceptible to the effects of such environmental toxicants. Bispheno...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.02.005
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 40-year-old patient underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection and assisted hatching, and a single embryo was transferred. Ultrasonography demonstrated a single gestational sac containing monochorionic tri-amniotic pregnancy. Several factors that have been implicated in the aetiology of monozygotic triple pregnancie...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61270-9
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Somatic cloning by nuclear transfer returns a differentiated cell to a totipotent stage, a process termed nuclear reprogramming. During this de-differentiation process, genes inactivated during tissue differentiation are re-activated in a temporal and spatial special manner. It is believed that tissue differentiation ...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61095-4
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The outcomes of 1028 assisted reproductive technology cycles were studied retrospectively, considering two different periods of embryo transfer. In the first period, 262 cycles in women < 36 years old were studied, in which three embryos were transferred, followed by 157 cycles in women > or = 36 years, in which four ...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61300-4
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：RESEARCH QUESTION:How many spermatozoa and slides need to be counted to make a reliable assessment of sperm vitality? Currently, various authorities recommend assessing human sperm vitality on counts of at least 200 cells, but on one or two slides. DESIGN:This was an observational study on duplicate eosin-nigrosin sta...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.03.002
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolution of preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) for aneuploidy to blastocyst biopsy and more sensitive 24-chromosome screening techniques has resulted in a new diagnostic category of PGS results: those classified as mosaic. This diagnosis presents significant challenges for clinicians in developing policies r...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.01.003
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：RESEARCH QUESTION:Are maternal concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on a fixed day after embryo transfer associated with duration of pregnancy? DESIGN:A follow-up study of 1917 singleton pregnancies after IVF was performed. Embryos were cultured for 2 days and maternal HCG concentration quantified on d...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.04.048
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect that gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists exert on endometrial receptivity has not yet been elucidated. GnRH antagonists might directly affect oocytes, the embryo and/or the endometrium. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effect of GnRH antagonists on the endometrium in oocyte...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60266-0
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is usually used to establish a non-affected pregnancy for those couples facing a genetic risk of having an affected child. However, an invasive test is still recommended to all PGD patients due to the risk of misdiagnosis. The discovery of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma ...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.09.005
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Artificial oocyte activation using Ca(2+)ionophores or similar compounds is a widely applied technique in IVF laboratories. This is all the more interesting as most of the agents aiming for intracellular Ca(2+) increase do not result in physiological Ca(2+) oscillations but much rather cause a single Ca(2+) transient....
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.12.004
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Time-lapse technique provides opportunities to observe the dynamic process of human early development. Previous studies have suggested several abnormal division patterns were associated with decreased developmental potential, but no systematic results are currently available. In this study, seven abnormal division pat...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.02.008
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This retrospective study investigated whether mid-luteal serum progesterone concentrations are associated with live birth rates in women with WHO group II anovulatory infertility undergoing ovulation induction. Data were from women (n=335) stimulated with gonadotrophins using a low-dose step-up protocol, of which wome...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.01.006
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When infertile women undergoing IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) have more than 20 mature oocytes retrieved, at least 15 oocytes are inseminated by their husband's spermatozoa. The extra oocytes are cryopreserved by vitrification. If the patients became pregnant and have healthy live births, the patients...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.11.002
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A culture system has been developed for pieces of whole endometrium, comprising many different cell types. The system maintains the integrity of all compartments important for tissue function and allows functional studies of the human endometrium. Endometrial biopsy strips were collected from fertile women. The strips...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61759-2
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of gonadotrophin antagonist (GnRH-ant) versus GnRH agonist (GnRHa) as coadjuvant therapy for ovarian stimulation in poor ovarian responders in IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Search strategies included on-line surveys of databases such as MEDLINE ,...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60651-7
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rescue ICSI can induce a high rate of 3 pronuclei (PN) formation from double insemination in eggs already fertilized by IVF but lacking signs of normal pronuclear formation. This study was performed to determine whether the number of 3PN embryos could be reduced by using the polarization microscope for rescue intracyt...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.10.019
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
