A phylogenetic analysis of myosin heavy chain type II sequences corroborates that Acoela and Nemertodermatida are basal bilaterians.

abstract：:Global agricultural emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) have increased by around 20% over the last 100 y, but regulation of these emissions and their impact on bacterial cellular metabolism are poorly understood. Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate in soils to inert di-nitrogen gas (N2) via N2O and t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sullivan MJ,Gates AJ,Appia-Ayme C,Rowley G,Richardson DJ

更新日期：2013-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The results of previous preclinical and clinical studies have identified angiogenin (ANG) as a potentially important target for anticancer therapy. Here we report the design and implementation of a high-throughput screening assay to identify small molecules that bind to the ribonucleolytic active site of ANG, which is...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kao RY,Jenkins JL,Olson KA,Key ME,Fett JW,Shapiro R

更新日期：2002-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocytic protein trafficking is directed by sorting signals on cargo molecules that are recognized by cytosolic adaptor proteins. However, the steps necessary to segregate the variety of cargoes during endocytosis remain poorly defined. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we demonstrate that multiple plasma membrane endocy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mayers JR,Wang L,Pramanik J,Johnson A,Sarkeshik A,Wang Y,Saengsawang W,Yates JR 3rd,Audhya A

更新日期：2013-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:MurG is an essential glycosyltransferase that forms the glycosidic linkage between N-acetyl muramyl pentapeptide and N-acetyl glucosamine in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall. This enzyme is a member of a major superfamily of NDP-glycosyltransferases for which no x-ray structures containing intact substrates...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hu Y,Chen L,Ha S,Gross B,Falcone B,Walker D,Mokhtarzadeh M,Walker S

更新日期：2003-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:We compared private and social decision making to investigate the neural underpinnings of the effect of social comparison on risky choices. We measured brain activity using functional MRI while participants chose between two lotteries: in the private condition, they observed the outcome of the unchosen lottery, and in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bault N,Joffily M,Rustichini A,Coricelli G

更新日期：2011-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Grain growth under shear annealing is crucial for controlling the properties of polycrystalline materials. However, their microscopic kinetics are not well understood because individual atomic trajectories are difficult to track. Here, we study grain growth with single-particle kinetics in colloidal polycrystals using...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li W,Peng Y,Zhang Y,Still T,Yodh AG,Han Y

更新日期：2020-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The endometrial epithelium of the uterus regenerates periodically. The cellular source of newly regenerated endometrial epithelia during a mouse estrous cycle or a human menstrual cycle is presently unknown. Here, I have used single-cell lineage tracing in the whole mouse uterus to demonstrate that epithelial stem cel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jin S

更新日期：2019-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The exceptional sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) lacks satisfactory definition. M. tuberculosis is a natural mutant in oxyR, a central regulator of peroxide stress response. The ahpC gene, which encodes a critical subunit of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, is one of the tar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Dhandayuthapani S,Deretic V

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Tyrosine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.2), the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis, was localized by electron microscopy within noradrenergic neurons of the nucleus locus coeruleus of the rat brain with a specific antibody to tyrosine hydroxylase labeled by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase im...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pickel VM,Joh TH,Reis DJ

更新日期：1975-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The c-fos protooncogene is transcriptionally activated by a wide variety of agents including serum, growth factors, and phorbol esters. This induction is rapid and transient and is mediated through a number of identified promoter elements. Growth hormone (GH) is also known to induce transcription of c-fos in a variety...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meyer DJ,Stephenson EW,Johnson L,Cochran BH,Schwartz J

更新日期：1993-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Development of pharyngeal muscle in nematodes and cardiac muscle in vertebrates and insects involves the related homeobox genes ceh-22, nkx2.5, and tinman, respectively. To determine whether the nematode and vertebrate genes perform similar functions, we examined activity of the zebrafish nkx2.5 gene in transgenic Cae...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haun C,Alexander J,Stainier DY,Okkema PG

更新日期：1998-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The population genetic consequences of nearest-neighbor pollination in an outcrossing plant species were investigated through computer simulations. The genetic system consisted of two alleles at a single locus in a self-incompatible plant that mates by random pollen transfer from a neighboring individual. Beginning wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turner ME,Stephens JC,Anderson WW

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A method to identify 5-methylcytosine (m5Cyt) in DNA immobilized on nitrocellulose paper by using antibody against m5Cyt raised in rabbits is described. Immobilized restriction fragments of DNA are incubated first with purified antibody against m5Cyt and then with goat anti-rabbit IgG labeled with 125I. Restriction fr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sano H,Royer HD,Sager R

更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concentration of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 (chylomicrons) and apo B-100 (very low density lipoproteins) was measured in blood plasma of healthy young men after an ordinary meal containing one-third of daily energy and fat. Plasma obtained in the postabsorptive state and at...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schneeman BO,Kotite L,Todd KM,Havel RJ

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microinjection of progesterone dissolved in paraffin oil induces the reinitiation of meiotic maturation in the Xenopus oocyte; 50% maturation is obtained when 50 nl of a 50 microM solution is microinjected into the oocyte. The kinetics of the response to microinjected progesterone are similar to the kinetics of respon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tso J,Thibier C,Mulner O,Ozon R

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances indicate that, in various chronic inflammatory disorders, the activation of the immune system is triggered locally rather than in lymphoid organs. In this study, we have evaluated whether the humoral alloimmune response involved in chronic rejection is elicited within the graft. We used the rat aortic ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thaunat O,Field AC,Dai J,Louedec L,Patey N,Bloch MF,Mandet C,Belair MF,Bruneval P,Meilhac O,Bellon B,Joly E,Michel JB,Nicoletti A

更新日期：2005-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:In rod photoreceptors, several phototransduction components display light-dependent translocation between cellular compartments. Notably, the G protein transducin translocates from rod outer segments to inner segments/spherules in bright light, but the functional consequences of translocation remain unclear. We genera...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Majumder A,Pahlberg J,Boyd KK,Kerov V,Kolandaivelu S,Ramamurthy V,Sampath AP,Artemyev NO

更新日期：2013-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Hox5 genes (Hoxa5, Hoxb5, Hoxc5) are exclusively expressed in the lung mesenchyme during embryogenesis, and the most severe phenotypes result from constitutive loss of function of all three genes. Because Hox5 triple null mutants exhibit perinatal lethality, the contribution of this paralogous group to postembryonic l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hrycaj SM,Marty-Santos L,Cebrian C,Rasky AJ,Ptaschinski C,Lukacs NW,Wellik DM

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe two collaborations in which psychologists and economists provided essential support on foundational projects in major research programs. One project involved eliciting adolescents' expectations regarding significant future life events affecting their psychological and economic development. The second proje...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bruine de Bruin W,Fischhoff B

更新日期：2017-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase consists of two subunits--a catalytic subunit and an accessory subunit, UL42, that increases processivity. Mutations affecting the extreme C terminus of the catalytic subunit specifically disrupt subunit interactions and ablate virus replication, suggesting that new antiviral dr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Digard P,Williams KP,Hensley P,Brooks IS,Dahl CE,Coen DM

更新日期：1995-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Clonal deletion provides an important mechanism for the elimination of autoreactive T cells. Deletion is accomplished by programmed cell death directed by interaction of the T-cell receptor (TCR) of the developing thymocyte with major histocompatibility complex elements in the thymic environment. In this report we pre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Russell JH,White CL,Loh DY,Meleedy-Rey P

更新日期：1991-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A single dose of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea given to sexually immature female Buf/N rats produces a high incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas. A large percentage of these tumors contain the Ha-ras oncogene, activated by a G----A transition at the second nucleotide of codon 12. Copenhagen rats, on the other hand, are compl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lu SJ,Archer MC

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrated hepadnaviral DNA in livers and tumors of chronic hepatitis B patients has been reported for many years. In this study, we investigated whether hepatitis B virus DNA integration occurs preferentially at sites of cell DNA damage. A single I-SceI homing endonuclease recognition site was introduced into the DNA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bill CA,Summers J

更新日期：2004-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Tandem gene duplication is an important mutational process in evolutionary adaptation and human disease. Hypothetically, two tandem gene copies should produce twice the output of a single gene, but this expectation has not been rigorously investigated. Here, we show that tandem duplication often results in more than d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loehlin DW,Carroll SB

更新日期：2016-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) proteins are Ca(2+)-regulated transcription factors that control gene expression in many cell types. NFAT proteins are heavily phosphorylated and reside in the cytoplasm of resting cells; when cells are stimulated by a rise in intracellular Ca(2+), NFAT proteins are dephospho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sharma S,Findlay GM,Bandukwala HS,Oberdoerffer S,Baust B,Li Z,Schmidt V,Hogan PG,Sacks DB,Rao A

更新日期：2011-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) is involved in physiological and pathological events including inflammation, cancer, AIDS, and cardiac hypertrophy. The balance between its active and inactive form is tightly controlled to ensure cellular integrity. We report that the transcriptional repressor C...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cherrier T,Le Douce V,Eilebrecht S,Riclet R,Marban C,Dequiedt F,Goumon Y,Paillart JC,Mericskay M,Parlakian A,Bausero P,Abbas W,Herbein G,Kurdistani SK,Grana X,Van Driessche B,Schwartz C,Candolfi E,Benecke AG,Van Lin

更新日期：2013-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is important in reproduction, although the mechanism of central hypogonadism in humans remains unclear. Because the GnRH neuron originates from the olfactory placode and migrates to the hypothalamus during development, central hypogonadism in humans could be caused by failure in n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Radovick S,Wray S,Lee E,Nicols DK,Nakayama Y,Weintraub BD,Westphal H,Cutler GB Jr,Wondisford FE

更新日期：1991-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that in neutrophils deprived of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, apoptosis is preceded by acidification and that the protection against apoptosis conferred on neutrophils by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is dependent upon delay of this acidification. To test the hypothesis that a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gottlieb RA,Nordberg J,Skowronski E,Babior BM

更新日期：1996-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The Drosophila kep1 gene encodes an RNA binding protein related to the murine QUAKING apoptotic inducer. We have previously shown that kep1 can induce apoptosis when transfected into different cell lines. To better define the role of Kep1 in apoptosis, we generated kep1 null flies. These flies were viable, but females...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Di Fruscio M,Styhler S,Wikholm E,Boulanger MC,Lasko P,Richard S

更新日期：2003-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) of herpes simplex virus 1, a multifunctional ring finger protein, enhances the expression of genes introduced into cells by infection or transfection, interacts with numerous cellular and viral proteins, and is associated with the degradation of several cellular proteins. Sequences encod...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hagglund R,Van Sant C,Lopez P,Roizman B

更新日期：2002-01-22 00:00:00