Abstract:
:Dual-probe microdialysis was used to study interstitial diffusion in the rat brain. A radiolabelled tracer, (3H]mannitol, was continuously infused at different concentrations via a probe acutely implanted into the striatum of an anaesthetized male rat or into a dilute agar gel. Samples were collected by a second probe placed 1 mm away from the first, and the recovered [3H]mannitol was measured by liquid scintillation counting. In the striatum, the delivery of [3H]mannitol was counteracted by its removal from the extracellular space by passive uptake into cells and clearance into the microcirculation, causing the diffusion profile to approach quasi steady-state levels within 2 h. Diffusion data from brain and agar were analysed using a mathematical model. The apparent (effective) diffusion coefficient for [3H]mannitol was D* = 2.9 x 10(-6) cm2/s, the effective volume fraction alpha* = 0.30 and the clearance rate constant kappa= 2.3 x 10(-5)/s. A tortuosity, lambda = 1.81, and penetration distance r = 4.2 mm, were calculated. We conclude that, using dual-probe microdialysis, parameters reflecting geometric and dynamic tissue properties may be obtained using appropriate mathematical analysis. Quantitative dual-probe microdialysis will be valuable in characterizing interstitial diffusion and the clearance processes underpinning volume transmission in the brain.
journal_name
J Neurochemjournal_title
Journal of neurochemistryauthors
Höistad M,Chen KC,Nicholson C,Fuxe K,Kehr Jdoi
10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00791.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-04-01 00:00:00pages
80-93issue
1eissn
0022-3042issn
1471-4159journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章abstract::For more than three decades, the venom of the black widow spider and its principal active components, latrotoxins, have been used to induce release of neurotransmitters and hormones and to study the mechanisms of exocytosis. Given the complex nature of alpha--latrotoxin (alpha-LTX) actions, this research has been cont...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
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abstract::In this study we examined the functional expression of the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (EMT) in normal human astrocytes (NHA). RT-PCR with EMT-specific primers demonstrated the presence of EMT mRNA in NHA. The RT-PCR products were subjected to restriction-site analysis using three different enzymes (HinfI, Sac...
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doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01566.x
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abstract::Cavernous angiomas are vascular malformations that cause neurodegeneration and symptoms including epileptiform seizures, headache, and motor deficits. Following neurosurgical removal of the angiomas, patients mostly recover well and become seizure-free. This study reports on the levels of certain amino acids in angiom...
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abstract::Lewy body disease (LBD) development is enhanced by mutations in the GBA gene coding for glucocerebrosidase (GCase). The mechanism of this association is thought to involve an abnormal lysosomal system and we therefore sought to evaluate if lysosomal changes contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic LBD. Analysis of...
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
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doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71010142.x
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abstract::Rats with unilateral lesions of the locus coeruleus were used to study the role of norepinephrine (NE) signal input in the down-regulation by antidepressants of the noradrenergic cyclic AMP-generating system in the cortex. Chronic administration of both desipramine (blockade of NE reuptake) and iprindole (no blockade ...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb04739.x
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13611.x
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP formation in cultured neural cells prepared from embryonic chick retina. Both methoxyindoles exhibited similar potency and efficacy, with EC50 values of 0.8 nM for melatonin and 7.2 nM for 5-methoxytryptamine. Inhibition of cyclic AMP formatio...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64041892.x
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The turnover rate of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the rat striatum was estimated by measuring its accumulation after inhibition of GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) with gabaculine. Intrastriatal injections of 100 micrograms gabaculine induced a rapid and complete inhibition of GABA-T. GABA accumulation was linear with ...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb09720.x
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is necessary for hippocampal long-term potentiation. Synaptically released zinc also contributes to long-term potentiation, especially in the hippocampal CA3 region. Using cortical cultures, we examined whether zinc increased the concentration and/or activity of tPA. Two hours after ...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07322.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71020875.x
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66052011.x
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolism of [2-13C]glycine in astroglia-rich primary cultures obtained from brains of neonatal Wistar rats was investigated using 13C NMR spectroscopy. After a 24-h incubation of the cells in a medium containing glucose, glutamate, cysteine, and [2-13C]glycine, cell extracts and incubation media were analyzed fo...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020835.x
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytokines and catecholamines are known to constitute a significant portion of the regulatory neuroimmune networks involved in maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). Although we have already reported an increase in norepinephrine (NE) turnover within the locus coeruleus (LC) at 2 and 4 h after the...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb05845.x
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb13593.x
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abstract::We report the isolation of cDNA clones encoding the somatic form of the E1 alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of rat. The deduced amino acid sequence has 99.5, 98, and 97% identity, respectively, with the orthologous proteins of mouse, human, and pig and 98.5% identity with a rat E1 alpha sequence rep...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62051682.x
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::CYP46A1 is a neuron-specific cytochrome P450 that plays a pivotal role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in the CNS. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying human CYP46A1 expression are still poorly understood, partly because of the lack of a cellular model that expresses high levels of CYP46A1. Our previous...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00