Self-organized complexity in economics and finance.

abstract：:Decision-making in a natural environment depends on a hierarchy of interacting decision processes. A high-level strategy guides ongoing choices, and the outcomes of those choices determine whether or not the strategy should change. When the right decision strategy is uncertain, as in most natural settings, feedback be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Purcell BA,Kiani R

更新日期：2016-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The retrotransposons that maintain telomeres in Drosophila melanogaster have unique features that are shared across all Drosophila species but are not found in other retrotransposons. Comparative analysis of these features provides insight into their importance for telomere maintenance in Drosophila. Gag proteins enco...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Casacuberta E,Marín FA,Pardue ML

更新日期：2007-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular stimuli regulate neuronal differentiation and subtype specification during brain development, although the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate these processes remain largely unclear. We now show that the PDK1-Akt pathway regulates differentiation of telencephalic neural precursor cells (NPCs). ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oishi K,Watatani K,Itoh Y,Okano H,Guillemot F,Nakajima K,Gotoh Y

更新日期：2009-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex social behavior in Microtus voles and other mammals has been postulated to be under the direct genetic control of a single locus: the arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (avpr1a) gene. Using a phylogenetic approach, we show that a repetitive element in the promoter region of avpr1a, which reportedly causes social...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fink S,Excoffier L,Heckel G

更新日期：2006-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:We demonstrate remote detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with a microchip sensor consisting of a microfluidic channel and a microfabricated vapor cell (the heart of an atomic magnetometer). Detection occurs at zero magnetic field, which allows operation of the magnetometer in the spin-exchange relaxation-fr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ledbetter MP,Savukov IM,Budker D,Shah V,Knappe S,Kitching J,Michalak DJ,Xu S,Pines A

更新日期：2008-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome c maturation in Escherichia coli requires the ccm operon, which encodes eight membrane proteins (CcmABCDEFGH). CcmE is a periplasmic heme chaperone that binds heme covalently and transfers it onto apocytochrome c in the presence of CcmF, CcmG, and CcmH. In this work we addressed the functions of the ccmABCD...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schulz H,Fabianek RA,Pellicioli EC,Hennecke H,Thöny-Meyer L

更新日期：1999-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody raised against the purified human erythrocyte glucose transporter specifically precipitated four proteins from normal and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo cells: a major protein of Mr 41,000 and minor proteins of Mr 68,000, 73,000, and 82,000. The Mr 41,000 and 82,000 proteins were found only in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Salter DW,Baldwin SA,Lienhard GE,Weber MJ

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Colloidal and sol-gel procedures have been used to prepare heterogeneous catalysts consisting of platinum metal particles with narrow size distributions and well defined shapes dispersed on high-surface-area silica supports. The overall procedure was developed in three stages. First, tetrahedral and cubic colloidal me...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee I,Morales R,Albiter MA,Zaera F

更新日期：2008-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:A single anterior-animal blastomere, which includes the presumptive neural region in the eight-cell embryo of the Halocynthia, a protochordate, when dissociated, cleavage-arrested with cytochalasin B, and cultured in isolation, differentiated exclusively to epidermal type judging from membrane excitability and immunor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okado H,Takahashi K

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent single-molecule experiments reveal that mechanical tension on DNA can control both the speed and direction of the DNA polymerase motor. We present a theoretical description of this tension-induced "tuning" and "switching." The internal conformational states of the enzyme motor are represented as nodes, and the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goel A,Astumian RD,Herschbach D

更新日期：2003-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of long-term cultured and monoclonal T cell populations to provide antigen-specific help was assessed in a system of Ir gene-controlled in vitro antibody responses to soluble antigens. T-cell colonies and monoclonal T-cell lines were generated which proliferated specifically in response to poly(LTyr,Glu)-p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hodes RJ,Kimoto M,Hathcock KS,Fathman CG,Singer A

更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the absence of lasers approaching trapped ion clock transitions in sharpness we propose to replace the 12.49 m laser field exciting the D3/2-D5/2 transition of the single Ba+ ion A in D3/2 with the near-field of a close by identical ion B in the excited D5/2 state. We tune the frequency of the near-field by the dif...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dehmelt H,Zhao X,Yu N,Nagourney W

更新日期：1996-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:An algorithm for protein engineering, termed recursive ensemble mutagenesis, has been developed to produce diverse populations of phenotypically related mutants whose members differ in amino acid sequence. This method uses a feedback mechanism to control successive rounds of combinatorial cassette mutagenesis. Startin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arkin AP,Youvan DC

更新日期：1992-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:NK cells are promising effectors for tumor adoptive immunotherapy, particularly when considering the targeting of MHC class I low or negative tumors. Yet, NK cells cannot respond to many tumors, which is particularly the case for nonhematopoietic tumors such as carcinomas or melanoma even when these cells lose MHC cla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kruschinski A,Moosmann A,Poschke I,Norell H,Chmielewski M,Seliger B,Kiessling R,Blankenstein T,Abken H,Charo J

更新日期：2008-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:2fTGH is a human cell line containing the selectable marker guanine phosphoribosyltransferase regulated by alpha interferon (IFN-alpha). Two IFN-alpha-unresponsive mutants were isolated previously at a low frequency (ca. 10(-8)) by selecting mutagenized 2fTGH cells in selective medium containing 6-thioguanine and IFN-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McKendry R,John J,Flavell D,Müller M,Kerr IM,Stark GR

更新日期：1991-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent, diacylglycerol-activated enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) in rabbit eyelid conditioning was examined. PKC was partially purified from the CA1 region of hippocampal slices from naive, pseudoconditioned, and conditioned rabbits 24 hr after the rabbits were well conditioned. Crud...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bank B,DeWeer A,Kuzirian AM,Rasmussen H,Alkon DL

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cellular actions of nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) may be mediated by changes in protein phosphorylation. The tyrosine phosphorylation of two predominant proteins of molecular mass 40 and 42 kDa is seen in PC-12 cells treated with NGF or EGF, correlating with activation of a previously...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miyasaka T,Sternberg DW,Miyasaka J,Sherline P,Saltiel AR

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The crystal structure of a recombinant alphaEC domain from human fibrinogen-420 has been determined at a resolution of 2.1 A. The protein, which corresponds to the carboxyl domain of the alphaE chain, was expressed in and purified from Pichia pastoris cells. Felicitously, during crystallization an amino-terminal segme...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spraggon G,Applegate D,Everse SJ,Zhang JZ,Veerapandian L,Redman C,Doolittle RF,Grieninger G

更新日期：1998-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Soon after the initiation of sporulation, Bacillus subtilis divides asymmetrically to produce sister cells that have very different developmental fates. Recently, it has been proposed that the differential gene expression which begins soon after this division is due to cell-specific activation of the transcription fac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lewis PJ,Partridge SR,Errington J

更新日期：1994-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:This article presents an agent-based computational model of civil violence. Two variants of the civil violence model are presented. In the first a central authority seeks to suppress decentralized rebellion. In the second a central authority seeks to suppress communal violence between two warring ethnic groups. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Epstein JM

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The human gut is home to trillions of microbes, thousands of bacterial phylotypes, as well as hydrogen-consuming methanogenic archaea. Studies in gnotobiotic mice indicate that Methanobrevibacter smithii, the dominant archaeon in the human gut ecosystem, affects the specificity and efficiency of bacterial digestion of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Samuel BS,Hansen EE,Manchester JK,Coutinho PM,Henrissat B,Fulton R,Latreille P,Kim K,Wilson RK,Gordon JI

更新日期：2007-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta plays a pivotal role in regulation of progression of cancer through effects on tumor microenvironment as well as on cancer cells. TGF-beta inhibitors have recently been shown to prevent the growth and metastasis of certain cancers. However, there may be adverse effects caused by T...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kano MR,Bae Y,Iwata C,Morishita Y,Yashiro M,Oka M,Fujii T,Komuro A,Kiyono K,Kaminishi M,Hirakawa K,Ouchi Y,Nishiyama N,Kataoka K,Miyazono K

更新日期：2007-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Soft corals of the family Xeniidae exhibit a unique, rhythmic pulsation of their tentacles (Movie S1), first noted by Lamarck nearly 200 y ago. However, the adaptive benefit of this perpetual, energetically costly motion is poorly understood. Using in situ underwater particle image velocimetry, we found that the pulsa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kremien M,Shavit U,Mass T,Genin A

更新日期：2013-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Biomimetic nanopores based on membrane-spanning single-walled carbon nanotubes have been designed to include selectivity filters based on combinations of anionic and cationic groups mimicking those present in bacterial porins and in voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. The ion permeation and selectivity properti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： García-Fandiño R,Sansom MS

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We previously reported that KIF3A and KIF3B form a heterodimer that functions as a microtubule-based fast anterograde translocator of membranous organelles. We have also shown that this KIF3A/3B forms a complex with other associated polypeptides, named kinesin superfamily-associated protein 3 (KAP3). In the present st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamazaki H,Nakata T,Okada Y,Hirokawa N

更新日期：1996-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:For the polypentapeptide of elastin, (L-Val-L-Pro-Gly-L-Val-Gly)n, and appropriate analogs when suitably cross-linked, it has been previously demonstrated that development of elastomeric force at fixed length and length changes at fixed load occur as the result of an inverse temperature transition, with the temperatur...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Urry DW,Haynes B,Zhang H,Harris RD,Prasad KU

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Type 1A diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder the risk of which is increased by specific HLA DR/DQ alleles [e.g., DRB1*03-DQB1*0201 (DR3) or DRB1*04-DQB1*0302 (DR4)]. The genotype associated with the highest risk for T1D is the DR3/4-DQ8 (DQ8 is DQA1*0301, DQB1*0302) heterozygous genotype. We determined HLA-DR and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aly TA,Ide A,Jahromi MM,Barker JM,Fernando MS,Babu SR,Yu L,Miao D,Erlich HA,Fain PR,Barriga KJ,Norris JM,Rewers MJ,Eisenbarth GS

更新日期：2006-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Misfolded proteins are eliminated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by retrotranslocation into the cytosol, a pathway hijacked by certain viruses to destroy MHC class I heavy chains. The translocation of polypeptides across the ER membrane requires their polyubiquitination and subsequent extraction from the membrane...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ye Y,Shibata Y,Kikkert M,van Voorden S,Wiertz E,Rapoport TA

更新日期：2005-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the minimum extent of DNA sequence required for the attachment site of bacteriophage lambda to function in integrative recombination. A DNA fragment carrying the phage attachment site (attP) of bacteriophage lambda was trimmed, recloned, and tested for recombination proficiency. In order to recomb...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mizuuchi M,Mizuuchi K

更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the human glucocerebrosidase gene cause Gaucher disease. A cDNA clone containing the entire human glucocerebrosidase coding region from normal cells has been isolated using lambda gt11 expression libraries. The complete nucleotide sequence, a restriction map, and a hydropathy profile are presented. Hybrid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sorge J,West C,Westwood B,Beutler E

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00