Magnetic resonance techniques in the evaluation of the fetal and neonatal brain.

abstract：:Antiseizure medications and dietary therapies have associated effects on the endocrine system. We provided an overview of the relationship between epilepsy treatment and bone health in children with epilepsy. Additionally, we discussed the effects of epilepsy treatment on other endocrine systems including thyroid func...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： McNamara NA,Romanowski EMF,Olson DP,Shellhaas RA

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebral/cortical visual impairment (CVI) is characterized by higher order visual dysfunction caused by injury to the retrogeniculate visual pathways and brain structures which subserve visual processing. CVI has become the leading cause of significant vision loss in children in developed countries, but continues to b...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Kran BS,Lawrence L,Mayer DL,Heidary G

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pediatric epileptic encephalopathies represent a clinically challenging and often devastating group of disorders that affect children at different stages of infancy and childhood. With the advances in genetic testing and neuroimaging, the etiologies of these epileptic syndromes are now better defined. The various ence...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Shbarou R,Mikati MA

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Newborn screening has evolved from a single test for a single metabolite to a test that detects more than 90 metabolites on a single blood spot. In the past decade, the panel of newborn-screening disorders has rapidly expanded and will continue to grow as more is discovered about the human genome. It continues to be a...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Copeland S

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Imaging of the brachial plexus and peripheral nerves is challenging in the pediatric patient. Magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice as it is not invasive and demonstrates proximal and distal lesions. This may be used to detect nerve root avulsions, nerve ruptures, pseudo-meningoceles, brachial plexus sc...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Birchansky S,Altman N

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Childhood narcolepsy is frequently under-diagnosed. Hypersomnolence may not always be accompanied by cataplexy, sleep paralysis, or hypnagogic hallucinations in the early stages. Pathophysiologic considerations revolve around an altered central nervous system catecholamine-acetylcholine balance. Both idiopathic and sy...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Kotagal S

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The organization of language-relevant brain systems was examined in normally developing and language-impaired children. Atypical patterns of brain activity were observed in subsets of children with specific language impairment (SLI) for both sensory (auditory and visual) and language processing. However, it was not th...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Mills DL,Neville HJ

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scoliosis, common in preadolescent females is a finding which warrants investigation in any other age group or if the clinical or neuroimaging features are atypical even in the preadolescent female. The cause of scoliosis are numerous but include several important conditions some of which are treatable and some of whi...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Barnes PD

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Velocardiofacial syndrome, also called Shprintzen syndrome or DiGeorge sequence, is one of the most common genetic disorders in humans. Caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 22, it manifests in a remarkable variety of symptoms in multiple systems. The most frequent anomalies involve palatal function, facial features...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Hay BN

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) defines a wide spectrum of clinical entities characterized by iron accumulation in specific regions of the brain, predominantly in the basal ganglia. We evaluated the presence of FA2H and C19orf12 mutations in a cohort of 46 Italian patients with early onset NBIA, ...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Panteghini C,Zorzi G,Venco P,Dusi S,Reale C,Brunetti D,Chiapparini L,Zibordi F,Siegel B,Garavaglia B,Simonati A,Bertini E,Nardocci N,Tiranti V

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This neuropathologic case study illustrates the discovery of metachronous hemorrhagic infarcts insinuating round mass-like lesions by magnetic resonance imaging in the setting of childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system (cPACNS) raising diagnostic awareness of this unusual presentation in a clinical an...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Katsetos CD,Poletto E,Kasmire KE,Walleigh D,Kumar I,Pascasio JM,Legido A,Goldsmith DP

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Migraine is the most frequent type of headache in children. In the 1980s, scientists first hypothesized a connection between migraine and mitochondrial (mt) disorders. More recent studies have suggested that at least some subtypes of migraine may be related to a mt defect. Different types of evidence support a relatio...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Yorns WR Jr,Hardison HH

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmunity is being increasingly recognized as a cause of neurologic presentations both inside and outside the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Pediatric autoimmune neurologic diseases likely to be seen in the ICU include autoimmune encephalitidies such as N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis, central...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Benson LA,Olson H,Gorman MP

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epilepsy in children is mostly diagnosed and treated in an ambulatory office setting. This article reviews the literature and offers opinions about the best practice from the time of diagnosis through to remission and beyond. The diagnosis and assignment of an epilepsy syndrome may be difficult, and even experts disag...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Camfield P,Camfield C

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review, we discuss the important pathological lesions observed in temporal lobectomies and neocortical resections performed for medically refractory seizures in children. A higher percentage of pediatric cases appear to be "lesional" with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and abnorm...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Jay V,Becker LE

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An estimated 10% to 40% of children with epilepsy have treatment-resistant epilepsy. Persistent seizures have negative psychosocial, behavioral, cognitive, and financial consequences and are associated with an increased mortality rate. Accurate syndromic and etiologic diagnoses are of vital importance because they may...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Skjei KL,Dlugos DJ

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It was not too long ago that being struck violently in the head or "getting your bell rung" was often brushed off as nothing to worry about. These days the pendulum has swung and there is growing appreciation that this mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), often called concussion, must be taken seriously and is now on t...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Kerrigan JM,Giza CC

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recurrent headaches in children are most often migraines and are based in a genetic predisposition with a low headache threshold. As with any pain experience, there is a large emotional component associated with an attack of migraines that grows in amplitude as the headaches become more frequent and resistant to medic...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Farmer K,Dunn D,Scott E

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ultimate goal of treating status epilepticus is to provide the best opportunity for a good outcome. This review discusses the current literature on the outcome after status epilepticus in children, including the risk of recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. The outcome seems most dependent on etiology, with age an...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Ostrowsky K,Arzimanoglou A

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Childhood stoke is increasingly recognized, but studies remain largely descriptive. Important differences from adult stroke include the following: (1) frequently delayed or missed diagnosis, (2) heterogenous and overlapping risk factors, and (3) developmental differences in the cerebrovascular, neurologic, and coagula...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： deVeber G,Roach ES,Riela AR,Wiznitzer M

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital virus passed from mother to fetus in the United States, and the most common acquired cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Neuroimaging in patients with symptomatic congenital CMV demonstrates abnormalities frequently, but many providers are unaware of the extent of t...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Moresco BL,Svoboda MD,Ng YT

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxDs) are involuntary, intermittent movement disorders manifested by dystonia, chorea, athetosis, ballismus or any combination of these hyperkinetic disorders. Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), one of the four main types of PxD, involves sudden attacks of dyskinesias induced by volun...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Lotze T,Jankovic J

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical presentation of patients with epileptic encephalopathies can be heterogenous. When attempting to classify a patient's epilepsy syndrome, challenges can arise due to the phenotypic overlap of various epilepsies as well as the different presentations of mutations within the same gene. Genetic testing can be...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Fine AL,Wong-Kisiel LC,Wirrell EC

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nature of sleep-related breathing problems varies with age. Ventilatory function may be compromised at the level of the brainstem, the autonomic nerves, or the upper airway musculature. These disorders are state-dependent, being impacted by both rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement sleep, and also by the ...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Kotagal S

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebral palsy (CP) registers appear to be appropriate tools for answering questions regarding the prevalence and characteristics of this common childhood disability. Registers are population databases issuing from multiple sources, relying on a clear definition and inclusion and exclusion criteria of CP, and requirin...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Cans C,Surman G,McManus V,Coghlan D,Hensey O,Johnson A

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A seven year-old male presented to his pediatrician with choreiform movements and a recent history of sore throat. He was diagnosed with Sydenham's chorea based on clinical criteria and laboratory evidence. Worsening symptoms prompted a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain which demonstrated evidence of Moyam...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Cardenas JF,Chapman K

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The heterogeneous childhood limb-girdle muscular dystrophies have originally been defined as a group of autosomal recessive and dominant diseases with progressive weakness and wasting of shoulder and pelvic-girdle muscles. Over the last 12 years, the underlying genetic defects for many of the diseases have been identi...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Straub V,Bushby K

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although no single neurological manifestation is specific of mitochondrial encephalopathies, several neurological syndromes are clearly suggestive of the diagnosis. Muscle biopsy for histochemicals, biochemical, and mitochondrial DNA studies is frequently necessary to establish diagnosis of mitochondrial encephalopath...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Maertens P

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The occurrence of seizures in the sleep state is observed in nearly one third of patients. This is caused by an intimate relationship between the physiological state of sleep and the pathological process underlying epileptic seizures. Both sleep and sleep deprivation influence the frequency of epileptiform discharges ...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Kotagal P,Yardi N

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infants with congenital infections are at high risk for developmental disabilities. Because of this increased-risk status, they require comprehensive, longitudinal follow-up that should begin in the neonatal period with sensory, developmental, and neuromotor assessments as well as neuroradiological imaging. Reassessme...

journal_title：Seminars in pediatric neurology

authors： Williamson WD

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00