Abstract:
:The aim of the present study was to formulate a simple chemically defined medium for the in vitro growth of rat two-cell embryos to blastocysts. Embryos from day 2 pregnant rats were retrieved and placed in paraffin oil-covered droplets of "rat two-cell embryo culture medium" (R2ECM) containing combinations of various serum supplements, glucose, L-glutamine, and cultured up to 96 h in a CO(2) incubator. Embryos cultured in the basic medium (R2ECM), as well as those supplemented either with fetal bovine serum (FBS) or male rat serum (MRS) did not develop beyond the two- to four-cell stage. In R2ECM with 0.3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 7.5 mM glucose, 44% of embryos reached the blastocyst stage by 96 h in culture, and the blastulation rate increased to about 83% when 1 mM of L-glutamine was added. To evaluate the effects of varying doses of glucose, two-cell embryos were cultured in R2ECM supplemented with 0.3% BSA, 1 mM L-glutamine, and 2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 mM of glucose. The percentage of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage for 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mM glucose was 64.6%, 65.3%, and 82.9%, respectively. The present study showed that the modified medium (R2ECM) is a simple chemically defined medium that is capable of supporting in vitro growth of rat two-cell embryos to blastocysts in high proportion (greater than 80%) without the need for change of medium within 96 h of culture.
journal_name
J Pharmacol Toxicol Methodsjournal_title
Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methodsauthors
Goh VH,Adiga SK,Tain CF,Tong TY,Ng SCdoi
10.1016/s1056-8719(00)00084-8keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-05-01 00:00:00pages
171-5issue
3eissn
1056-8719issn
1873-488Xpii
S1056-8719(00)00084-8journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In this article we review the value and utility of the minipig as an animal model in regulatory toxicity testing. Our review is based on detailed consideration of the comparative biology of the minipig, and of the practical features of toxicity testing in the minipig. The minipig presents a favourable profile as a non...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2010.05.009
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) represent a major target of insecticides, belonging to the neonicotinoid family. However, the pharmacological profile of native nAChRs is poorly documented, mainly because of a lack of knowledge of their subunit stoichiometry, their tissue distribution and ...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2015.09.004
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Drug-induced QT interval prolongation has been one of the critical issues for developing new chemical entities and pharmaceutical companies need to evaluate the risk early in the development stage. At such stage, guinea pigs are appropriate due to their small size requiring only small amounts of test drugs...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2006.11.002
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to optimize carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat with respect to dose, route of injection, and time course. METHODS:Male Wistar albino rats, 4 to 6 weeks old and weighing 130-180 g were used. Hepatotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the activity of serum en...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S1056-8719(03)00019-4
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Heart rate affects coronary flow, but the mechanism is complex. The relationship between rhythm and flow is unclear, especially in experimental settings used for determining drug actions. The present study examined whether ventricular irregularity influences coronary flow independently of heart rate. METH...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2015.10.001
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In vitro metabolism models such as liver microsomes represent an important tool for the development of novel radioligands. Comparability and physiological relevance of in vitro metabolism data critically depend on the careful evaluation and optimization of assay protocols. We therefore investigated the inf...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2018.11.005
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Drug-induced cardiovascular effects identified in conscious cynomolgus monkeys equipped with tethers and prepared for radiotelemetry were compared with results from anesthetized non-human primate (cynomolgus and rhesus) models. METHODS:Remifentanil (4.0 microg/kg, bolus), esmolol (2.0 mg/kg, bolus) and do...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2008.05.004
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Investigations of the coupling between contraction and relaxation (contraction-relaxation [CRC] process) in isometric conditions are essential in determining whether pharmacologic interventions or cardiac diseases specifically modify isometric relaxation (intrinsic lusitropic effect) or change it in proportion with th...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1056-8719(99)00044-1
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many xenobiotics cause hepatobiliary toxicity and cholestasis in the rat. Initial assessment of hepatobiliary damage in rats can be accomplished by measuring serum concentrations of bile acids and bilirubin, serum activities of liver-associated enzymes such as 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltrans...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/1056-8719(94)90024-8
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guinea pigs were sensitized with ovalbumin (i.p.) 14 days before use. In vivo airway hyperreactivity induced by ovalbumin inhalation was determined by challenging with aerosolized spasmogen (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT] methacholine, the thromboxane-mimetic, U-46619, or adenosine) 24 hr before (7 days with adenosine) an...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/1056-8719(95)00093-3
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemodynamic and biochemical changes were studied on 36 white ELCO-rabbits, seven adult older than 150 days, seven immatures between 21 and 27 days, and seven neonatals between 7 and 14 days. Five supplementary hearts of each age group served for preischemic biochemical values. Protection during 60 min of global ischem...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/1056-8719(93)90016-8
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article describes the application of a Microplate Filtration System (MFS) to a binding assay, with the results being compared to those obtained with a conventional 24-Well Filtration Manifold (24WFM). The data reported here characterize the PAF receptor on rabbit platelet membranes using [3H]apafant. The results ...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/1056-8719(96)00074-3
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparison is made of four rat aortic preparations, that is, single ring, spiral strip, zig-zag strip, and multiple-ring, on the basis of the responses to norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh). The single ring preparation was suitable under isometric, but not under isotonic conditions, because of the small iso...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/1056-8719(96)00023-8
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two methods of measuring body temperature were compared in common marmosets. Subcutaneous temperatures were measured remotely via previously implanted subcutaneous microchips (Plexx BV, IPTT-100) prior to measurement of rectal temperature using a conventional rectal probe. Marmosets were treated with saline or the bra...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1056-8719(98)00030-6
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Challenge of guinea-pig tracheal epithelium with hyperosmolar solution alters ion transport and evokes the release of epithelium-derived relaxing factor (EpDRF). Cultured tracheal epithelial cells (CE) offer the potential to examine biochemical pathways related to EpDRF release, but whether the bioelectric...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2006.04.005
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An HPLC method is described using conductimetric detection for the quantitative determination of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of conscious rabbits. This method enabled the four cations to be estimated with rapidity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The mean mil...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/1056-8719(93)90057-l
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Multiple cardiac ion channels are prone to block by pharmaceutical compounds, and this can have large implications for cardiac safety. The effect of a compound on individual ion currents can now be measured in automated patch clamp screening assays. In-silico action potential models are proposed as one way...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2015.05.002
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Measurement of tail skin temperature (T(sk)) of the rat can provide important information on mechanisms pertaining to physiology, pharmacology, and toxicology. T(sk) is largely under control of peripheral vascular tone, which is also sensitive to most experimental manipulations such as handling and restrai...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1056-8719(02)00219-8
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a simple fluorometric method for the continuous monitoring of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell viability in suspensions of hepatocytes exposed in vitro to cytotoxic agents. Suspensions of freshly isolated hepatocytes (10(6) cells/mL) preloaded with rhodamine 123 (Rh 123, 100 mumol/L) are transferred...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/1056-8719(95)00131-x
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Majority of the work for establishing nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced migraine models in animals was done in rats, though recently some studies in mice were also reported. Different special formulations of NTG were investigated in various studies; however, NTG treated groups were often compared to simple salin...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2015.09.006
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Laboratory investigations into cholestatic liver disease and the effects of cholemia on organ function are long-standing subjects of scientific enquiry. A widely-used strategy to investigate these topics relies on animal-based research using experimental animal models. Targeted inactivation of the spgp gen...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2004.06.002
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:IonWorks automated patch clamp systems are being widely used for ion channel drug discovery, but the perforated patch mode of these systems makes it difficult to obtain a steady intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). This difficulty prevents obtaining high-quality data regarding Ca(2+)-activated...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2012.10.005
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a need for short-term, reliable and reproducible animal model of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in small animals like mice. This study was aimed to establish the 9 exposures of cerulein-induced CP in mice. Repeated intraperitoneal cerulein injections were performed at 6 consecutive doses (50 μg/kg)/day, 3 days a w...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2019.01.002
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many circumstances, rapid information is required about the effects of drugs on neurotransmitter release in brain, and a common method used is measurement of radiolabelled release from superfused brain slices or synaptosomes in vitro. However, the method requires expensive equipment and is not readily adapted to th...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1056-8719(97)00010-5
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) catalyze the oxidation of a diverse array of xenobiotic compounds. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a specific immunological probe to human hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase (HLFMO3). An oligopetide corresponding to amino acid residues 257-270 of HLFMO3 was...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1056-8719(97)00012-9
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A tissue preparation is described which makes it possible to examine the effect of drugs on the nerves that control both longitudinal and circular muscles of the small intestine. The preparation consists of a segment of rat ileum set up to measure the tension developed in the longitudinal muscle and intraluminal press...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1056-8719(96)00110-4
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The properties of the ternary complex model (TCM) of drug action at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were examined, using theoretical computer simulations, with regard to the predicted effects of the presence of a fixed concentration of one agonist on the competition binding profile of another. Subsequently, the bi...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1056-8719(00)00078-2
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Induction of acute myocardial infarction in the rat is an established model for studying effects of therapeutic interventions. Images of sections of the rat left ventricle, stained with nitroblue tetrazolium, were digitized and several parameters estimated by dedicated software on an image analyzer (IBAS 2.0). The met...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/1056-8719(95)00019-e
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The pharmacological assessment of the factors for gastric protection of a test substance should involve experimental models that can determine the involvement of cytoprotective factors, as well as their influence on the secretion of hydrochloric acid. The original protocol of pylorus ligation in rats propo...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2012.09.002
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Opioid withdrawal syndrome is a critical component of opioid abuse and consists of a wide array of symptoms including increases in pain sensitivity (hyperalgesia). A reliable preclinical model of hyperalgesia during opioid withdrawal is needed to evaluate possible interventions to alleviate withdrawal. The...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2013.02.003
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00