Abstract：
:The recycling of synaptic vesicles in nerve terminals involves multiple steps, underlies all aspects of synaptic transmission, and is a key to understanding the basis of synaptic plasticity. The development of styryl dyes as fluorescent molecules that label recycling synaptic vesicles has revolutionized the way in which synaptic vesicle recycling can be investigated, by allowing an examination of processes in neurons that have long been inaccessible. In this review, we evaluate the major aspects of synaptic vesicle recycling that have been revealed and advanced by studies with styryl dyes, focussing upon synaptic vesicle fusion, retrieval, and trafficking. The greatest impact of styryl dyes has been to allow the routine visualization of endocytosis in central nerve terminals for the first time. This has revealed the kinetics of endocytosis, its underlying sequential steps, and its regulation by Ca2+. In studies of exocytosis, styryl dyes have helped distinguish between different modes of vesicle fusion, provided direct support for the quantal nature of exocytosis and endocytosis, and revealed how the probability of exocytosis varies enormously from one nerve terminal to another. Synaptic vesicle labelling with styryl dyes has helped our understanding of vesicle trafficking by allowing better understanding of different synaptic vesicle pools within the nerve terminal, vesicle intermixing, and vesicle clustering at release sites. Finally, the dyes are now being used in innovative ways to reveal further insights into synaptic plasticity.
journal_name
J Neurochemjournal_title
Journal of neurochemistryauthors
Cousin MA,Robinson PJdoi
10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0732227.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-12-01 00:00:00pages
2227-39issue
6eissn
0022-3042issn
1471-4159journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) plays a major role in the aging adult brain plasticity. Conversely, chronic excess of glucocorticoids (GC) elicits some deleterious effects in the hippocampus. We questioned here the involvement of RA and GC in the expression of target proteins in hippocampal neurons. We investi...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12192
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In cerebellum, 13 different GABA(A) receptor subunits are expressed. The number of different receptor subtypes formed in this tissue, their subunit composition and their quantitative importance so far has not been determined. In the present study, immunodepletion by immunoaffinity chromatography, as well as immunoprec...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02135.x
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 17-kDa endogenous brain protein glia maturation factor (GMF) was transfected into C6 rat glioma cells using a replication-defective human adenovirus vector. The cells overexpressed GMF but did not secrete the protein into the medium. Transfection with GMF led to the activation of the transcription factor nuclear f...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.740596.x
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A clone of murine neuroblastoma (N1E-115) was shown to have functional receptors for the nonapeptide bradykinin. These receptors mediated a large, rapid (about 1 min to peak) and calcium-dependent increase in cyclic GMP. The median effective concentration (EC50) averaged 1.4 nM. In addition, this event was inhibited b...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb06104.x
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A specific and sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for measurement of normetanephrine (NMN) in different rat brain regions is presented. The results show that hypothalamus contains the highest concentrations of the norepinephrine metabolite. An increase of NMN concentrations has been detected in ani...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb06334.x
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that serotonergic neurotransmission modulates a wide variety of experimentally induced seizures. Generally, agents that elevate extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels, such as 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin reuptake blockers, inhibit both focal and generalized seiz...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04277.x
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the cloning, genome mapping, functional expression, pharmacology and anatomical distribution of three melanocortin (MC) receptors from zebrafish (z). Phylogenetic analysis showed with high bootstrap support that these genes represent one MC4 receptor and two MC5 receptors. Chromosomal mapping showed conserve...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00934.x
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hibernation is a seasonal phenomenon characterized by a drop in metabolic rate and body temperature. Adenosine A1 receptor agonists promote hibernation in different mammalian species, and the understanding of the mechanism inducing hibernation will inform clinical strategies to manipulate metabolic demand that are fun...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.14814
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The protein kinase C γ (PKCγ) undergoes multistep activation and participates in various cellular processes in Purkinje cells. Perturbations in its phosphorylation state, conformation or localization can disrupt kinase signalling, such as in spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA14) that is caused by missense mutations i...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12491
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The protein kinases and protein phosphatases that act on tyrosine hydroxylase in vivo have not been established. Bovine adrenal chromaffin cells were permeabilized with digitonin and incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP, in the presence or absence of 10 microM Ca2+, 1 microM cyclic AMP, 1 microM phorbol dibutyrate, or variou...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69062387.x
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme synthesizing acetylcholine, is known to be activated by brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We found that the specific removal of the carbohydrate polysialic acid (PSA) significantly increased BDNF-induced ChAT-activity in embryonic septal neurons. Using a p75 neurotr...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04110.x
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrical stimulation of an ascending path of the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine system was used to elicit release of norepinephrine at noradrenergic terminal fields of the rat thalamus. Overflow into the extracellular fluid space was measured by fast in vivo chronoamperometry. At pretreated carbon fibers, the electro...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03170.x
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A cDNA clone, pCP9, has been isolated from a common carp liver cDNA library by immunoscreening with polyclonal antiserum raised against purified bighead carp alpha 1-antitrypsin. This clone is 1,396 bp in length and has an open reading frame encoding a protein of 410 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequenc...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64041721.x
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A contribution of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) to etiology of Parkinson´s disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is currently undisputed, while the impact of the closely related β-Synuclein (β-Syn) on these disorders remains enigmatic. β-Syn has long been considered to be an attenuator of the neurotoxic effects of α-...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.15134
更新日期：2020-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The distributions of glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15), gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.24) were determined in monkey retina. The decarboxylase was almost restricted to the inner plexiform layer. The transaminase was also highest in this layer,...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb02782.x
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The endocytotic uptake and intracellular decay of horseradish peroxidase isoenzymes C and A by cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells were analyzed quantitatively by a direct spectrophotometric assay. At concentrations below 1 mg/ml, the rate of uptake of the isoenzyme C was more than three times as much as the isoenzyme ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb02420.x
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adenosine uptake by cerebral smooth muscle cells is a carrier-mediated process. The Km value for adenosine uptake is 10.0 microM and the Vmax is 0.95 nmol/min-mg cell protein. This uptake system is inhibited by the adenosine analog 2-chloroadenosine at low adenosine concentrations. These results prove the existence of...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb09037.x
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Imprinting in chicks is a form of juvenile learning that has been used to study the basic cellular mechanisms of learning and memory. The forebrain area mediorostral neostriatum/hyperstriatum ventrale (MNH) is a center for acoustic imprinting. Electrophysiological and pharmacological behavioral studies in the MNH have...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66031167.x
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The potential anxiolytic effects of a novel positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subgroup 2 (mGluR₂) were investigated using a self-referencing recording technique with enzyme-based microelectrode arrays (MEAs) that reliably measures tonic and phasic changes in extracellular gluta...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07784.x
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the effect of cocaine on the brain histamine neuron system, histamine levels and histamine N-methyltransferase activity in the rat brain were measured after the administration of cocaine. Moreover, we examined the effect of L-histidine on cocaine-induced wheel-running behavior. The administration of cocaine...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69020875.x
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In invertebrates, the phenolamines, tyramine and octopamine, mediate many functional roles usually associated with the catecholamines, noradrenaline and adrenaline, in vertebrates. The α- and β-adrenergic classes of insect octopamine receptor are better activated by octopamine than tyramine. Similarly, the Tyramine 1 ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12158
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work from our laboratory points to plasma free tryptophan being a useful predictor of brain tryptophan concentration in many circumstances. Other work, in particular various studies on the acute effects of food intake, has emphasized the roles of plasma total tryptophan and of plasma large neutral amino acids...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb08797.x
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) reaction involves the transfer of the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA to choline, in which an active site histidine is believed to act as a general acid/base catalyst. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the enzyme from Drosophila, pig, rat, and Caernohabditis elegans re...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03561.x
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) has both soluble (S-COMT) and membrane-bound (MB-COMT) isoforms. A specific COMT antibody was used in immunohistochemical and confocal co-localization studies to explore the distribution of COMT in general in normal mice and MB-COMT in particular, in an S-COMT deficient mouse line. ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06723.x
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cultures of chromaffin cells isolated from the bovine adrenal medulla have been extremely useful for investigating secretory mechanisms, but such cultures used up to the present time represent mixed populations of adrenergic and noradrenergic cells. This report describes how, with slight modifications to standard proc...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb03761.x
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:White matter infarct induces demyelination and brain dysfunction. We previously reported that transplantation of brain microvascular endothelial cells improved the behavioral outcome and promoted remyelination by increasing the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the rat model of white matter infarct. In this...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.14949
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (7-36) amide functions as a novel neuropeptide prompted us to study the gene expression of its receptor in rat brain. Northern blot analysis showed transcripts of similar size in RINm5F cells, hypothalamus, and brain-stem. First-strand cDNA was prepared by using RNA from h...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66030920.x
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cDNA for Tyr-Loc, a G protein-coupled receptor that clearly shows homology to a number of mammalian and fruit fly receptors for biogenic amines, was cloned from the nervous system of Locusta migratoria. Functional expression of the cloned cDNA was obtained in cultured insect cells, i.e., in Spodoptera SF9 cells us...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64062387.x
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is accumulated in lipoproteins, especially high-density lipoprotein (HDL), in plasma. However, it remains uncharacterized how extracellular S1P is produced in the CNS. The treatment of rat astrocytes with retinoic acid and dibutyryl cAMP, which induce apolipoprotein E (apoE) synthesis and...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04958.x
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tubulin tyrosine ligase catalyzes the reversible addition of tyrosine to the C-terminus of tubulin alpha chains. By using ligase and carboxypeptidase A in conjunction, we have previously shown that brain cytoplasmic tubulin exists in three forms: 15-40% already has C-terminal tyrosine, another 10-30% can accept additi...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb03708.x
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
