Abstract：
:The choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) reaction involves the transfer of the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA to choline, in which an active site histidine is believed to act as a general acid/base catalyst. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the enzyme from Drosophila, pig, rat, and Caernohabditis elegans revealed three conserved histidines: Drosophila His268, His393, and His426. Each of these histidines was replaced by a leucine and a glutamine, and the kinetic properties of each of the recombinant mutant enzymes were determined. The mutations yielded active His268Leu-ChAT, His268Gln-ChAT, and His393Gln-ChAT and inactive His393Leu-ChAT, His426Leu-ChAT, and His426Gln-ChAT. The kinetic constants Km(CoA), Km(acetylcholine), and Vmax were essentially the same for all of the active mutants. When the integrity of the CoASAc binding site was investigated in the inactive mutants, the data suggested that the binding site in His393Leu-ChAT is disrupted but conserved in His426Leu-ChAT and His426Gln-ChAT. These results suggest that His426 is an essential catalytic residue and could serve as an acid/base catalyst.
journal_name
J Neurochemjournal_title
Journal of neurochemistryauthors
Carbini LA,Hersh LBdoi
10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03561.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-07-01 00:00:00pages
247-53issue
1eissn
0022-3042issn
1471-4159journal_volume
61pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The immediate acyl chain donor for fatty acid esterification of proteolipid protein (PLP) was identified in an in vitro system. Rat brain total membranes, after removal of crude nuclear and mitochondrial fractions, were incubated with radioactive acyl donors, extracted with chloroform/methanol, and analyzed by sodium ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13013.x
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the binding of the adenosine agonist radioligands [3N]N6-cyclohexyladenosine ([3H]CHA) and [3H]5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine ([3H]NECA) to membranes prepared from postmortem human pineal glands. The results showed that the A-1-specific ligand CHA did not bind to membranes. By contrast, [3H]NECA, a no...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb03141.x
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Choroid plexi from the lateral ventricles of rabbits, cats, and dogfish (Mustelus canis) were used to characterize the prostaglandin (PG) uptake process and to establish its kinetic parameters and substrate specificity. The apparent Kt for PGF2 alpha transport by the rabbit choroid plexus was 20 microM; the Jmax was 2...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb08490.x
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the ability of KW-6002, an adenosine A2a antagonist, to modulate the dyskinetic effects of L-DOPA in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. In animals rendered dyskinetic by a previous course of L-DOPA treatment, KW-6002 did not elicit any abnormal involuntary movements on its own, but failed to reduce the ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01632.x
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our previous studies have implicated perlecan, a specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in the pathogenesis of fibrillar beta-amyloid protein (A beta) accumulation and persistence in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. In the present investigation, we determined if perlecan mRNA was present in rodent and human brain tissu...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031132.x
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PCR was used to isolate identical partial cDNA clones encoding a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor subunit from rat nodose and superior cervical ganglia. The amino acid sequence predicted from these clones, extending from the putative transmembrane domain I to the stop codon, demonstrated a 93% homology with the 5-HT3 receptor...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65020475.x
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of a novel nonpeptide NK1 tachykinin receptor antagonist, SR 140333, on the functional consequences of NK1 receptor activation in a human astrocytoma cell line, U373MG, were investigated. Radioligand binding conducted with 125I-Bolton-Hunter substance P revealed a competitive inhibition by SR 140333 and it...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62041399.x
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A protein that binds to membranes in a calcium-dependent manner between calcium concentrations of 10(-5) and 10(-6) M has been isolated in large amounts (20 mg/kg tissue) from the entirely cholinergic electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. The protein bound reversibly to membrane fractions in a calcium-specific and satu...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb07965.x
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine whether the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) are involved in the signal transduction mechanism of the opioid receptor, the delta-, mu-, and kappa-opioid receptors were stably expressed from cDNA in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Activation of the delta-, mu-, and kap...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031309.x
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tomosyn is a cytoplasmic protein that was shown to bind to Syntaxin1 and SNAP-25 through an R-SNARE domain, forming a complex that is almost identical in structure to the neuronal SNARE complex. Tomosyn inhibits exocytosis in various cell types and these effects were attributed to direct competition between tomosyn's ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04791.x
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we examined the molecular and functional characterization of choline uptake into cultured rat cortical astrocytes. Choline uptake into astrocytes showed little dependence on extracellular Na+. Na+-independent choline uptake was saturable and mediated by a single transport system, with an apparent Michae...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03299.x
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) at Thr286 generates Ca2+-independent activity. As an initial step toward understanding CaMKII inactivation, protein phosphatase classes (PP1, PP2A, PP2B, or PP2C) responsible for dephosphorylation of Thr286 in rat forebrain subcellular fractio...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68052119.x
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical and experimental data indicate that spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits pathological T-cell responses. Implicit in these data, but poorly understood, is that B lymphocytes (B cells) also contribute to the delayed pathophysiology of spinal trauma. Here, for the first time, we show that experimental spinal contusi...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04147.x
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synaptosomes and mitochondria were isolated from the brains of warm-adapted, hibernating, and cold-acclimated golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Lipid extracts of these subcellular fractions were prepared and assayed for plasmenylethanolamine (ethanolamine plasmalogen) and cholesterol levels. The ganglioside comp...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb08098.x
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The suitability of isolated central nerve myelin preparations for probe labelling studies was assessed and the accessibility of galactosyl ceramides in myelin to galactose oxidase and sodium periodate was determined. Isolated myelin preparations present a uniform external membrane surface to added probes because lamel...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb07098.x
更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolism and blood-brain transport of choline (Ch) were investigated in perfused canine brain under control conditions and for 60 min after inhibition of brain cholinesterases by the organophosphorus (OP) compounds soman (pinacolylmethylphosphonofluoridate). Ch and acetylcholine (ACh) in blood and brain samples ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02993.x
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of a series of glycosylated beta-galactosidases to a fraction rich in synaptic membrane of bovine brain was examined. beta-galactosidase modified with p-aminophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (beta-D-Gal beta-gal) was found the most effective in binding to synaptic membrane, followed by that modified with be...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13018.x
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin regulates energy balance by suppressing appetite and increasing energy expenditure through actions in the hypothalamus. Recently we demonstrated that the effects of leptin are, at least in part, mediated by the release of interleukin (IL)-1beta in the brain. Microglia constitute the major source of IL-1beta in ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04559.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Highly purified human serum cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8, also known as pseudocholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) had peptidase activity toward substance P. Digestion of substance P was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography, which separated three product peptides. The cleavages occurred sequentially....
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb04707.x
更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the loss of functional fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Loss of FMRP results in an elevated basal protein expression profile of FMRP targeted mRNAs, a loss of local metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-regulated protein synthesis, exaggerated long-term depression an...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12453
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have reported that the nuclear isoforms of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM KII) are involved in the expression of the exon IV-containing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA. We document here the cis-elements and transcription factors responsive to CaM KII in the activation of the promoter...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01096.x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that could induce significant toxic effects in the human nervous system. However, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been entirely elucidated. Reactive astrogliosis has implicated in various neurological diseases via the product...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12696
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ligand binding to the cannabinoid receptor of brain membranes has been characterized using [3H]CP 55,940 and the Multiscreen Filtration System. Binding of [3H]CP 55,940 is saturable and reaches equilibrium by 45 min at room temperature. At a concentration of 10 micrograms of membrane protein/well, the KD for [3H]CP 55...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64020677.x
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) released from the activated microglia upon neurotropic virus infection may exacerbate the neuronal damage. Here, we identified let-7a and let-7b (let-7a/b) as one of the essential miRNAs over-expressed upon Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) infection and released in the culture supernatant of the JE...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.14645
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lead poisoning can cause a wide range of symptoms with particularly severe clinical effects on the CNS. Lead can increase spontaneous neurotransmitter release but decrease evoked neurotransmitter release. These effects may be caused by an interaction of lead with specific molecular targets involved in neurotransmitter...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00168.x
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative fatal disease. The only drug recognized to increase the survival time is riluzole(RLZ). In animal models, minocycline (MNC) delayed the onset of the disease and increased the survival time (in combination with RLZ). The objective of our work was to study the interac...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04772.x
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored plasma membrane protein whose conformational altered forms (PrP(sc)) are known to cause neurodegenerative diseases in mammals. In order to investigate the intracellular traffic of mammalian PrP(c) in living cells, we have generated a ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00529.x
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuropeptide S (NPS) is known to produce anxiolytic-like effects and facilitate extinction of conditioned fear. Catecholaminergic neurotransmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been suggested to be crucially involved in these brain functions. In the current study, we investigated the effect of NPS on the...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06947.x
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular adenosine in the brain, which modulates various physiological and pathological processes, fluctuates in a complicated manner that reflects the circadian cycle, neuronal activity, metabolism, and disease states. The dynamics of extracellular adenosine in the brain are not fully understood, largely because...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.13888
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) subunit determines many of the functional properties of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate subtype of glutamate receptor. The roles of untranslated regions (UTRs) in mRNA stability, transport, or translation are increasingly recognized. The 3' end of the GluR2 tra...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05992.x
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
