Abstract：
:The startle reflex is evoked by strong acoustic or tactile stimuli, or by electrical stimulation of acoustic or tactile pathways. To dissociate the contributions of acoustic and tactile pathways, stimulating electrodes were placed in adjacent cochlear and trigeminal nuclei. The currents needed to evoke startle-like responses were an order of magnitude lower in ventral trigeminal sites (12-80 microA for a 0.1-ms pulse) than in cochlear nucleus sites (150-800 microA). At low threshold sites in both areas, brief acoustic stimuli were followed 0-4 ms later by a single electrical pulse and the current required to evoke startle was measured at several interstimulus intervals. Summation between the acoustic and electrical stimuli for startle was strong in both cochlear and trigeminal sites. Collision effects were found in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus when the electrical stimulus followed the ipsilateral acoustic stimulus by 2.0 ms, suggesting that acoustic startle is mediated by axons in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. Collision effects were found at 4.0 ms if the electrical stimulus was presented in the contralateral pontine reticular formation, suggesting that acoustic signals mediating startle mainly cross to the pontine reticular formation. Collision effects were not found in medial or posterior sites in the cochlear nucleus, or trigeminal sites, suggesting that the neurons that mediate startle in these sites do not mediate acoustic startle. Therefore, acoustic startle is mediated through high threshold cochlear nucleus sites, while low threshold sites are non-acoustic, probably as a result of trigeminal or vestibular stimulation.
journal_name
Neurosciencejournal_title
Neuroscienceauthors
Scott BW,Frankland PW,Li L,Yeomans JSdoi
10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00708-8keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-01-01 00:00:00pages
1565-74issue
4eissn
0306-4522issn
1873-7544pii
S0306-4522(98)00708-8journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROSCIENCE文献大全abstract：:Urocortin, a novel 40 amino acid neuropeptide, is a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor family. With 45% homology to corticotropin-releasing factor, urocortin binds with similar affinity to the corticotropin-releasing factor- and corticotropin-releasing factor-2 receptors and may play a role in modulating man...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00732-5
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis that attention deficits induced by the hypofunction of N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) might be associated with increased glutamate release and changes in the phosphorylation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein on serine 133 (p-S(13...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.060
更新日期：2011-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Involvement of both the serotonergic and the endogenous opioid systems in the onset of depressive behavior has been suggested. Previously we showed that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) facilitates beta-endorphin release in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Herein, the microdialysis method was used to assess in vivo the ef...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00612-1
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of smilagenin (SMI) (PYM50028), a sapogenin compound originally identified from Chinese medicinal herb, on dopamine neurons and locomotor ability in aged rats. Experiments were carried out on young and aged Sprague-Dawley rats, which were daily administered with either ...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.028
更新日期：2013-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Most functional imaging studies of memory retrieval investigate memory for standardized laboratory stimuli. However, naturally acquired autobiographical memories differ from memories of standardized stimuli in important ways. Neuroimaging studies of natural memories may reveal distinctive patterns of brain activation ...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00108-7
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is increasing evidence that a subset of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons uses glutamate as a co-transmitter and expresses vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) 2, one of the three vesicular glutamate transporters. In the present study, double in situ hybridization was used to examine tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) an...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.032
更新日期：2008-09-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common, disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that is associated with deficits in motor initiation and inhibition. Understanding of underlying neurobiological mechanisms has been limited by difficulties in eliciting and objectively characterizing such gait phenomena in the clinical ...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.019
更新日期：2016-11-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of retinal degenerative diseases in which the final pathological feature is photoreceptor cell apoptosis. Currently, the pathogenesis of RP remains poorly understood and therapeutics are ineffective. 17β-Oestradiol (βE2) is universally acknowledged as a neuroprotectiv...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.010
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prominent form of dementia in elderly, is a yet incurable degenerative neurological illness characterized by memory loss. Here, we used an AD rat model to investigate the in vivo efficacy of caprospinol, a disease-modifying steroid developed on the concept that reduced synthesis of 2...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.10.033
更新日期：2010-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examines the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on the human cerebellum using operational criteria for case selection [Caine D. et al. (1997) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 62, 51-60] and unbiased stereological techniques. We describe, for the first time, structural changes in different functional zones...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4522(98)90664-9
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Models of the saccadic system differ in several respects including the signals fed back to their comparators, as well as the location and identity of the units that could serve as comparators. Some models place the comparator in the superior colliculus while others assign this role to the reticular formation. To test ...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.07.016
更新日期：2006-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different training types and secondary to test gender differences on the training-related cortical plasticity induced by three different tongue-training paradigms: (1) therapeutic tongue exercises (TTE), (2) playing computer games with the tongue using the...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.040
更新日期：2013-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Seipin is a widely expressed protein but with highest levels found in the brain and testes. Seipin function is not yet completely understood, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of BSCL2 transcripts in the central nervous system (CNS) of humans and investigate the effect of their overexpress...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.004
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injecting 0.5-1.0 microgram of cholera toxin into rat hippocampus induces a chronic epileptic focus which generates interictal discharges and brief epileptic seizures intermittently over the following seven to 10 days. Here we examined the electrophysiological properties of hippocampal slices prepared from these rats ...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4522(93)90453-m
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using in vitro receptor autoradiographic techniques we have analysed the pre- and postnatal development of neurotensin receptors in the rat brain. Receptors were labeled with [3H] or [125I]neurotensin in mounted tissue sections from animals of ages gestational day 14 until the postnatal day 21 as well as young adult a...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4522(88)90028-0
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have suggested that peptides such as substance P and thyrotropin-releasing hormone coexist with serotonin in the same varicosities in the ventral horn and intermediate gray of the spinal cord in rat. However, coexistence of these peptides with serotonin is rare in fibers in the superficial dorsal horn...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4522(92)90212-k
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have shown oxidative damage resulting from amyloid Abeta exposure to cultured cells and in murine models. A target of oxidation is 14-3-3 which comprises a group of proteins involved in kinase activation and chaperone activity. The present study shows glycoxidative damage, as revealed with mono and bi...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,收录出版
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.03.013
更新日期：2007-06-08 00:00:00
abstract：:There are two different proposals regarding the role of the cerebellar flocculus in the adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex: that the flocculus is the site for both the induction and retention of the adaptation, or that the flocculus plays an important role in the induction, but the vestibular nuclei to which th...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00991-0
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogen is likely involved in the gender specific differences in coping with stress. Activation of catecholamine (CA) biosynthetic enzyme gene expression in central and peripheral CA systems plays a key role in response to stress and in regulation of the cardiovascular system. Here we examined whether estradiol can m...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.12.040
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well established that syntaxin 1A, synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) and synaptotagmin either alone or in combination, modulate the kinetic properties of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels Ca(v)1.2 (Lc-channel) Ca(v)2.2 (N-type) and Ca(v)2.1 (P/Q-type). The interaction interface was found to reside ...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.07.027
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously reported that repeated central administration of sub-anxiogenic doses of the corticotropin releasing factor 1 (CRF(1)) agonist Cortagine, termed "priming," elicits a phenotype of increased anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field test, and enhanced retention of contextua...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.04.012
更新日期：2009-08-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglial responses to endotoxin, including the synthesis of inflammatory factors, contribute to gliosis and neuron degeneration in cultured brain tissue. We have previously shown that Gö6976, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammatory factors in mic...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00356-1
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of the catecholaminergic system in the hypothalamus and in the septal region was studied in rats from the 12th fetal day until the 9th postnatal day. Catecholaminergic structures were visualized with pre-embedding immunocytochemistry using antiserum to tyrosine hydroxylase. An intensification of diamin...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4522(89)90338-2
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cholinergic cells of the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus monosynaptically excite dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. In vivo electrochemical methods were used to monitor dorsal striatal dopamine efflux in awake rats following intraperitoneal scopolamine injections and following the direct application ...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00358-2
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In two experiments, we combined a semantic blocked naming paradigm with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to shed light on the neural correlates of the semantic interference (SI) effect. In particular, prior to the naming task, anodal tDCS was applied over the left superior temporal gyrus (STG, Exp...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.046
更新日期：2012-10-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Strong converging evidence indicates that the intermediate and medial part of the hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) of the chick forebrain is a site of recognition memory for the learning process of imprinting. Clathrin proteins have been implicated in synaptic plasticity. In the present study we demonstrate for the first...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00123-1
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the nucleus raphe dorsalis were identified by immunocytochemistry using antibodies to 5-hydroxytryptamine or GABA. The pattern of the 5-hydroxytryptamine and GABA immunostaining presented similar features: 5-hydroxytryptamine or GABA immunoreactive somata were fu...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4522(87)90336-8
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Food restriction has been shown to be beneficial for a number of brain processes. In the current study, we characterized the impact of food restriction on hippocampal damage 70 days following ischemia. We assessed memory and cognitive flexibility of ad libitum fed (AL) and food-restricted (FR) animals using complex de...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.05.062
更新日期：2008-09-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Lamina I of the spinal dorsal horn contains a diverse mixture of neurons. Among these, a group of giant neurons (Waldeyer cells) has long been recognized. In this study we have used immunocytochemistry to characterize a population of Waldeyer cells which were identified by the presence of high levels of the glycine re...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00445-0
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The senses of hearing and balance in vertebrates are transduced by hair cells in the inner ear. Hair cells from a wide variety of organisms have been described electrophysiologically but this is the first report of the application of these techniques to the genetically tractable zebrafish model system. Auditory and ve...
journal_title：Neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.062
更新日期：2013-09-17 00:00:00
