Abstract:
:Oxidative stress induced by high ammonia, which leads to astrocyte edema, is the key to acute hepatic encephalopathy (AHE). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has been implicated in oxidative stress, but the mechanism of NRF2 against ammonia-induced astrocytes edema has not been fully studied. We confirmed that the NRF2 pathway is related to brain edema caused by AHE and found that Xiaochaihutang (XCHT) could effectively activate the NRF2 pathway to treat AHE. The model of AHE was established with thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. Rat behaviors were observed, brain water content, blood ammonia levels, glutamine synthetase (GS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were determined after XCHT treatment. Furthermore, the expression of NRF2 pathway proteins and mRNA, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and aquaporins 4 (AQP4) were examined. In order to determine whether XCHT has a direct effect on cerebral edema caused by high ammonia, we examined the effect of XCHT compound serum on cortical astrocytes in the presence of ammonia, through microscopic observation and immunofluorescence (IF). Results showed that AHE induced by TAA changed the behavior of the rats, and increased brain water content, blood ammonia levels, GS and MDA content meanwhile decreasing T-SOD, but these symptoms were improved by treatment with XCHT. XCHT protected brain edema by activating the NRF2 pathway and increasing the expression of downstream proteins and genes. Astrocytes treated with 5 mM ammonia also showed an increase in the AQP4 protein expression but a decrease in XCHT compound serum and ammonia-induced cell edema groups. This study demonstrates that the NRF2 pathway is involved in the brain edema in AHE, and XCHT may represent a useful prescription for the treatment of AHE.
journal_name
Front Pharmacoljournal_title
Frontiers in pharmacologyauthors
Jia W,Liu J,Hu R,Hu A,Tang W,Li L,Li Jdoi
10.3389/fphar.2020.00382subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-16 00:00:00pages
382issn
1663-9812journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Background: Isorhapontigenin (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxystilbene, ISO), a dietary resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) derivative, possesses various health-promoting activities. To further evaluate its medicinal potentials, the pharmacokinetic and metabolomic profiles of ISO were examined in Sprague-D...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00753
更新日期:2018-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Related Factor 2) transcription factor not only regulates oxidative stress response, but also represses inflammation by regulating cytokines production and cross-talking with NF-κB signaling pathways. Nrf2 plays an essential role in liver injury induced by oxidative stress and inflamma...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00999
更新日期:2018-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer stem cells are involved in cancer establishment, progression, and resistance to current treatments. We demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer effect of bakuchiol in a previous study. However, the ability of bakuchiol to target breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and inhibit breast cancer metastas...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00746
更新日期:2017-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system is complex and pervasive as it functions to prevent or limit infections in the human body. In a healthy organism, the immune system and the redox balance of immune cells maintain homeostasis within the body. The failure to maintain the balance may lead to impaired immune response and either over acti...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00022
更新日期:2017-01-30 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:Huangqin decoction (HQD), a classical traditional Chinese medicinal formula, has been commonly used to treat gastrointestinal diseases for thousands of years. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of HQD on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). Method...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01552
更新日期:2020-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Although the oral route is the most convenient route for drug administration, there are a number of circumstances where this is not possible from either a clinical or pharmaceutical perspective. In these cases, the rectal route may represent a practical alternative and can be used to administer drugs for both local an...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01196
更新日期:2019-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::The radioresistance of tumors affect the outcome of radiotherapy. Accumulating data suggest that 1α,25(OH)2D3 is a potential anti-oncogenic molecule in various cancers. In the present study, we investigated the radiosensitive effects and underlying mechanisms of 1α,25(OH)2D3in vitro and in vivo. We found that 1α,25(OH...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00945
更新日期:2020-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Aims: The present study aims to detect the effect of acanthoic acid (AA) on alcohol exposure-induced liver lipid deposition and inflammation, and to explore the mechanisms. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with single dose of AA (20 and 40 mg/kg) by oral gavage or equal volume of saline, and then exposed to three...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00134
更新日期:2017-03-16 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Gender-related differences in the pharmacological effects of drug are an emerging topic. This review examines gender differences in both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of methadone, a long-acting opioid agonist that is prescribed as a treatment for opioid dependence and the management of chronic...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2015.00122
更新日期:2015-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::In Mexico, the Adenophyllum aurantium (L.) Strother plant is consumed as an infusion to treat intestinal diseases such as amoebiasis, which is an endemic health problem in Mexico and other countries. However, the effect of A. aurantium on Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebiasis, is unknown. An aerial ...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00169
更新日期:2016-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on the abuse potential of modafinil, a psychostimulant-like drug used to treat narcolepsy, are still controversial. While some studies claim no potential for abuse, increasing evidence suggests that modafinil induces abuse-related effects, including rapid-onset behavioral sensitization (i.e., a type of sensiti...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00211
更新日期:2019-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::Statin therapy may induce skeletal muscle damage ranging from myalgia to severe rhabdomyolysis. Our previous preclinical studies showed that statin treatment in rats involves the reduction of skeletal muscle ClC-1 chloride channel expression and related chloride conductance (gCl). An increase of the activity of protei...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00500
更新日期:2017-07-27 00:00:00
abstract::The glycoengineering approach is used to improve biophysical properties of protein-based drugs, but its direct impact on binding affinity and kinetic properties for the glycoengineered protein and its binding partner interaction is unclear. Type I interferon (IFN) receptors, composed of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, have differe...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01568
更新日期:2019-01-24 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The CYP2D6 gene locus has been extensively studied over decades, yet a portion of variability in CYP2D6 activity cannot be explained by known sequence variations within the gene, copy number variation, or structural rearrangements. It was proposed that rs5758550, located 116 kb downstream of the CYP2D6 gene ...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00486
更新日期:2020-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Aims: C1q/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein 5 (CTRP5) belongs to the C1q/TNF-α related protein family and regulates glucose, lipid metabolism, and inflammation production. However, the roles of CTRP5 in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) associated with cardiac injuries and heart failure (HF) needs to be elaborated....
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.603322
更新日期:2020-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs with approximately 19-25 nucleotides that are involved in regulating a range of developmental and physiological processes. Non-exosomal circulating and exosomal miRNAs have also been proposed to be useful in diagnostics as biomarkers for diseases and different ty...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01500
更新日期:2020-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Thienorphine (TNP) is a novel partial opioid agonist that has completed phase II clinical evaluation as a promising drug candidate for the treatment of opioid dependence. Previous studies have shown that TNP and its glucuronide conjugate (TNP-G) undergo significant bile excretion. The purpose of this study was to inve...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00242
更新日期:2016-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Infections with the pathogenic bacterium Clostridioides (C.) difficile are coming more into focus, in particular in hospitalized patients after antibiotic treatment. C. difficile produces the exotoxins TcdA and TcdB. Since some years, hypervirulent strains are described, which produce in addition the binary actin ADP-...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.01204
更新日期:2020-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::Flavonoids are some of the most important natural products with a variety of physiological activities. 8-Formylophiopogonanone B (8-FOB) is a naturally existing homoisoflavonoid in Ophiopogon japonicus. Paraquat (PQ) has been widely used as a potent herbicide and has high toxicity in humans. The goal of the present st...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01283
更新日期:2019-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::Platinum derivatives used as chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin have a potent antitumor activity. However, severe side effects such as nephro-, oto-, and neurotoxicity are associated with their use. Effects and side effects of platinum-based drugs are in part caused by their transporter-mediated ...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2015.00085
更新日期:2015-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly exhibit comorbid symptoms such as aggression, hyperactivity and anxiety. Several studies are being conducted worldwide on cannabidiol use in ASD; however, these studies are still ongoing, and data on the effects of its use is very limited. In this study ...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01521
更新日期:2019-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR), such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), are idiosyncratic and unpredictable drug-hypersensitivity reactions with a high-mortality rate ranging from 10% to over 30%, thus causing a...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00969
更新日期:2020-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most commonly used drugs for treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Their efficacy is due to their ability to bind cytoplasmic receptors (glucocorticoid receptors, GR) and other cytoplasmic proteins, thus regulating gene expression. Although GCs are potent life-saving drugs, t...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00308
更新日期:2019-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is the most effective therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease (PD). l-DOPA is traditionally believed to be an inert amino acid that exerts actions and effectiveness in PD through its conversion to dopamine. In contrast to this generally accepted idea, l-DOPA is proposed to be a ...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01119
更新日期:2019-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::This review describes artificial modular nanotransporters (MNTs) delivering their cargos into target cells and then into the nuclei - the most vulnerable cell compartment for most anticancer agents and especially for radionuclides emitting short-range particles. The MNT strategy uses natural subcellular transport proc...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00952
更新日期:2018-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It takes some time from chronic gastritis to develop in GC. Early detection of GC will help patients obtain timely treatment. Understanding disease evolution is crucial for the prevention and treatment of GC. Here, we present a convolu...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.572372
更新日期:2020-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic cancer decreases survival time and quality of life because of drug resistance and peripheral neuropathy during conventional treatment. This study was undertaken to investigate whether αvβ3 integrin receptor antagonist compounds NDAT and XT199 can suppress the development of cisplatin resistance and cisplati...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00095
更新日期:2020-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::In a screening of Sudanese medicinal plants for antiprotozoal activity, the chloroform fractions obtained by liquid-liquid partitioning from ethanolic extracts of fruits of Croton gratissimus var. gratissimus and stems of Cuscuta hyalina Roth ex Schult. exhibited in vitro activity against axenically grown Leishmania d...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.01246
更新日期:2020-08-14 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To explore the short-term efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder in adults. Methods:Multiple electronic databases were searched to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on paroxetine and panic disorder. The primary efficacy outcomes were: the mean change compared to the...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00275
更新日期:2020-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::The glutamine transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5) is actively investigated as an oncological target, but the field lacks efficient ASCT2 inhibitors. A new group of ASCT2 inhibitors, 2-amino-4-bis(aryloxybenzyl)aminobutanoic acids (AABA), were developed recently and shown to suppress tumor growth in preclinical in vivo models. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00785
更新日期:2018-07-19 00:00:00