Abstract:
:Gravity has remained constant during animal evolution and the neural sensory systems detecting acceleration forces have remained remarkably conserved among vertebrates. The utricular organ senses the sum of inertial force due to head translation and head tilt relative to gravitational vertical. Change in gravitational force would be expected to have profound effects on how an organism maintains equilibrium. We characterize the physiology of utricular afferents to applied accelerations in the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau, in normal 1 g to establish benchmarks, after 1-32-day exposures to 2.24 g (resultant) via centrifugation (hypergravity, HG), after 4- and 16-day exposures to 1.12 g (resultant), and following 1-8 days recovery to HG exposures to study re-adaptation to 1 g. Afferents were also examined during activation of efferent vestibular pathway. Centrifugation at 2.24 g included 228°/s constant angular velocity component, and thus horizontal canal afferent responses to yaw rotation were recorded as an internal control in each fish. Afferents studied after 228°/s rotation for 4 and 16 days without centripetal acceleration, called On-Center-Control, were indistinguishable from their control counterparts. Principal response to HG was an adjustment of afferent sensitivity as a function of magnitude and duration of exposure: an initial robust increase at 3-4 days followed by a significant decrease from 16 to 32 days. Initial increase observed after 4 days of HG took >4 days in 1 g to recover, and the decrease observed after 16 days of HG took >2 days to readapt to 1 g. Hair cells in striola and medial extrastriola macula regions were serially reconstructed in 3D from thin sections using transmission electron microscopy in control fish and fish exposed to 4 and 16 days of HG. Despite the highly significant differences in afferent physiology, synaptic body counts quantified in the same fish were equivalent in their inter-animal variability and averages. No clear role of the efferent pathway as a feedback mechanism regulating afferent behavior to HG was found. Transfer from 1 g to HG imparts profound effects on gravitational sensitivity of utricular afferents and the accompanying transfer from the HG back to the 1 g resembles in part (as an analog) the transfer from 1 g to the micrograms.
journal_name
Front Physioljournal_title
Frontiers in physiologyauthors
Boyle R,Popova Y,Varelas Jdoi
10.3389/fphys.2018.01469subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-10-22 00:00:00pages
1469issn
1664-042Xjournal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Drosophila melanogaster has served as an excellent genetic model to decipher the molecular basis of the circadian clock. Two key proteins, PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM), are particularly well explored and a number of various arrhythmic, slow, and fast clock mutants have been identified in classical genetic screens. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01442
更新日期:2019-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcopenia is defined as the progressive loss of muscle mass with age, and poses a serious threat to the physiological and psychological health of the elderly population with consequential economic and social burdens. Chronic low-grade inflammation plays a central role in the development of sarcopenia such that it alt...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00434
更新日期:2017-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::Exogenous dsRNA enters the insect body and can induce the RNAi effect only when it is cleaved into siRNA. However, what kinds of base composition are easier to cut and what kinds of siRNA will be produced in vivo is largely unknown. In this study, we found that dsRNA processing into siRNA has sequence preference and r...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01768
更新日期:2018-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Developing new methods to treat heart diseases is always a focus for basic research and clinical applications. Existing drugs have strong side-effects and also require lifetime administration for patients. Recent attempts of using nanoparticles (NPs) in treating atherosclerosis in animals and some heart diseases such ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00642
更新日期:2018-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::The brain-gut axis plays a critical role in the regulation of different diseases, many of which are characterized by sympathetic dysregulation. However, a direct link between sympathetic dysregulation and gut dysbiosis remains to be illustrated. Bone marrow (BM)-derived immune cells continuously interact with the gut ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00220
更新日期:2017-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::Actual theaters of operations require fast actions from special operations units with a high level of readiness and survival. Mission accomplishment depends on their psychological and physiological performance. The aim of the present study was to analyze: (1) the physical parameters related with success in a special o...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00867
更新日期:2019-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::For many model organisms traditionally in use for cardiac electrophysiological studies, characterization of ion channel genes is lacking. We focused here on two genes encoding the inward rectifier current, KCNJ2 and KCNJ12, in the dog heart. A combination of RT-PCR, 5'-RACE, and 3'-RACE demonstrated the status of KCNJ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00009
更新日期:2012-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::The Proline, Glutamate, Valine and Lysine-rich (PEVK) region of titin constitutes an entropic spring that provides passive tension to striated muscle. To study the functional and structural repercussions of a small reduction in the size of the PEVK region, we investigated skeletal muscles of a mouse with the constitut...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00494
更新日期:2020-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a popular research tool in sport and rehabilitation sciences. Common study designs include the comparison of sEMG amplitudes collected from different muscles as participants perform various exercises and techniques under different loads. Based on such comparisons, researchers attempt...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00985
更新日期:2018-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Glutaraldehyde is a well-known substance used in biomedical research to fix cells. Since hemolytic anemias are often associated with red blood cell shape changes deviating from the biconcave disk shape, conservation of these shapes for imaging in general and 3D-imaging in particular, like confocal microscopy, scanning...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00514
更新日期:2019-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with polydactyly and syndactyly of the limbs and a broad spectrum of craniofacial abnormalities. Craniosynostosis of the metopic suture (interfrontal suture in mice) is an important but rare feature associated with GCPS. GCPS is caused by mu...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00121
更新日期:2012-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::Delivery of exogenous high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) may exert a beneficial effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Since the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) in the myocardium mediates the cardioprotective function...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01595
更新日期:2020-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Aquaculture is a growing industry that is increasingly providing a sizable proportion of fishery products for human consumption. Dietary energy and temperature fluctuations affect fish health and may even trigger mortality, causing great losses in fish production during winter. To better understand this unproductive w...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00923
更新日期:2018-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Knee injury increases the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA). Recent evidence suggests involvement of oxidative stress induced by inflammation and bleeding in the joint. This study investigates the role in this process of α1-microglobulin (A1M), a plasma and tissue antioxidant protein with reducing function, ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01596
更新日期:2018-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::There are two primary components that produce pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); aberrant structural changes (smooth muscle cell proliferation, smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, and the deposition of matrix proteins within the media of pulmonary arterial vessels), and excess vasoconstriction. However, in PAH, the ta...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00614
更新日期:2017-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::Neuromuscular training in young athletes improves performance and decreases the risk of injuries during sports activities. These effects are primarily ascribed to the enhancement of muscle strength and power but also balance, speed and agility. However, most studies have failed to demonstrate significant improvement i...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00264
更新日期:2018-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::The arterial baroreflexes, located in the carotid sinus and along the arch of the aorta, are essential for the rapid short term autonomic regulation of blood pressure. In the past, they were believed to be inactivated during exercise because blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic activity were radically changed f...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00461
更新日期:2012-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Alpine skiing has been an Olympic event since the first Winter Games in 1936. Nowadays, skiers compete in four main events: slalom, giant slalom, super-G and downhill. Here, we present an update on the biomechanics of alpine ski racers and their equipment. The technical and tactical ability of today's world-class skie...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00111
更新日期:2019-02-20 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:Develop an automated approach to detect flash (<1.0 s) or prolonged (>2.0 s) capillary refill time (CRT) that correlates with clinician judgment by applying several supervised machine learning (ML) techniques to pulse oximeter plethysmography data. Materials and Methods:Data was collected in the Pediatric In...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.564589
更新日期:2020-10-06 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:The aim of this study was to verify whether physiological components [vertical jumps (Squat Jump - SJ and Countermovement Jump - CMJ), eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) of vertical jumps, running economy (RE), metabolic cost (C MET ), first and second ventilatory th...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00979
更新日期:2020-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: To examine the effects of deceptively aggressive bike pacing on performance, pacing, and associated physiological and perceptual responses during simulated sprint-distance triathlon. Methods: Ten non-elite, competitive male triathletes completed three simulated sprint-distance triathlons (0.75 km swim, 500 kJ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00006
更新日期:2017-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::Background: The effects of capsaicin on obesity and glucose homeostasis are still controversial and the mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between the regulation of obesity and glucose homeostasis by dietary capsaicin and the alteratio...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00602
更新日期:2017-08-25 00:00:00
abstract:Introduction:Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is essential to ensure rapid adjustment to variations in blood pressure (BP). Spontaneous baroreflex function can be assessed using continuous recordings of blood pressure. The goal of this study was to compare four methods for BRS quantification [the sequence, Bernardi's (BER)...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01505
更新日期:2019-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Athletes should achieve event-specific physiological requirements through careful periodization of training, underpinned by individualized and targeted nutrition strategies. However, evidence of whether, and how, elite endurance athletes periodize nutrition is scarce. Accordingly, elite international female (n = 67) a...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01732
更新日期:2018-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Submaximal vertical hopping capitalizes on the strain energy storage-recovery mechanism associated with the stretch-shortening cycle and is emerging as an important component of progressive rehabilitation protocols in Achilles tendon injury and a determinant of readiness to return to sport. This study explored the rel...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.567641
更新日期:2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Theoretical cardiac electrophysiology focuses on the dynamics of the membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum ion currents; however, passive (e.g., membrane capacitance) and quasi-active (response to small signals) properties of the cardiac sarcolemma, which are quantified by impedance, are also important in determining th...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00883
更新日期:2019-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::Acute beer or alcohol ingestion reduces arterial stiffness, but the dose required to reduce arterial stiffness is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the acute effects of ingesting various amounts of beer on arterial stiffness in healthy men. Nine men (20-22 years) participated, in eight trials in random...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.01033
更新日期:2020-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcomere lengths have been a crucial outcome measure for understanding and explaining basic muscle properties and muscle function. Sarcomere lengths for a given muscle are typically measured at a single spot, often in the mid-belly of the muscle, and at a given muscle length. It is then assumed implicitly that the sa...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00187
更新日期:2016-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep inertia, the transitional state of reduced alertness and impaired cognitive performance upon waking, is a safety risk for on-call personnel who can be required to perform critical tasks soon after waking. Sleep inertia countermeasures have previously been investigated; however, none have successfully dissipated ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00254
更新日期:2020-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::Most insect species exhibit characteristic behavioral changes after mating. Typical post-mating behaviors in female insects include noticeable increases in food intake, elevated oviposition rates, lowered receptivity to courting males, and enhanced immune response. Although it has been reported that mated females of s...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00095
更新日期:2014-03-13 00:00:00