Abstract:
:Mammalian teeth have evolved as dentin units that enclose a complex system of sensory innervation to protect and preserve their structure and function. In human dental pulp (DP), mechanosensory and nociceptive fibers form a dense meshwork of nerve endings at the coronal dentin-pulp interface, which arise from myelinated and non-myelinated axons of the Raschkow plexus (RP). Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the support, maintenance and regeneration after injury of these fibers. We have recently characterized two SC phenotypes hierarchically organized within the coronal and radicular DP in human teeth. Myelinating and non-myelinating SCs (nmSCs) display a high degree of plasticity associated with nociceptive C-fiber sprouting and axonal degeneration in response to DP injuries from dentin caries or physiological root resorption (PRR). By comparative immunolabeling, confocal and electron microscopy, we have characterized short-term adaptive responses of SC phenotypes to nerve injuries, and long-term changes related to aging. An increase of SCs characterizes the early responses to caries progression in association with axonal sprouting in affected DP domains. Moreover, during PRR, the formation of bands of Büngner is observed as part of SC repair tracks functions. On the other hand, myelinated axon density is significantly reduced with tooth age, as part of a gradual decrease in DP defense and repair capacities. The remarkable plasticity and capacity of SCs to preserve DP innervation in different dental scenarios constitutes a fundamental aspect to improve clinical treatments. This review article discusses the central role of myelinating and non-mSCs in long-term tooth preservation and homeostasis.
journal_name
Front Cell Neuroscijournal_title
Frontiers in cellular neuroscienceauthors
Couve E,Schmachtenberg Odoi
10.3389/fncel.2018.00299subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-09-05 00:00:00pages
299issn
1662-5102journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by massive loss of motor neurons. Data from ALS patients and experimental models indicate that mitochondria are severely damaged within dying or spared motor neurons. Nonetheless, recent data indicate that mitochondrial preservation, although preventing motor neuron...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00434
更新日期:2015-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system provides protection in the CNS via resident microglial cells and those that traffic into it in the course of pathological challenges. These populations of cells are key players in modulating immune functions that are involved in disease outcomes. In this review, we briefly summarize and highlight the...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00355
更新日期:2019-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that the pial microcirculation remodeling improves neurological outcome after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), accompanied by higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), modulating in vivo angiogenesis. This study was ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00329
更新日期:2015-08-25 00:00:00
abstract::The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia (BG) and plays a vital role in movement execution. Death of dopaminergic neurons in the neighboring nucleus, the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), leads to Parkinson's disease. The ensuing dopamine depletion affects all BG ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00417
更新日期:2019-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Thermal Fluctuations Spectroscopy (TFS) in combination with novel optical-based instrumentation was used to study mechanical properties of cell-cultured neurites with a spatial resolution limited only by the light diffraction. The analysis of thermal fluctuations together with a physical model of cellular elasticity a...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00194
更新日期:2018-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) expression has previously been reported in Purkinje cells (PCs) of rodents and humans, but its role in the regulation of behavior is not understood. Catecholamines are well known for facilitating cognitive behaviors and are expressed in many regions of the brain. Here, we investigated a possi...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00228
更新日期:2020-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative disease with a complicated and poorly understood pathogenesis. Recently, alterations in the blood-Central Nervous System barrier (B-CNS-B) have been recognized as a key factor possibly aggravating motor neuron damage. The majority of findings on ALS mic...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00021
更新日期:2014-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::Gene knockout by homologous recombination is a popular method to study gene functions in the mouse in vivo. However, its lack of temporal control has limited the interpretation of knockout studies because the complete elimination of a gene product often alters developmental processes, and can induce severe malformatio...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00062
更新日期:2014-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by a clinical triad of motor, psychiatric and cognitive symptoms. HD is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the gene encoding the huntingtin protein. Homozygosity for the HD-causing mutation is extremely rare; thus, the majority of HD pati...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00326
更新日期:2019-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Neurosteroids are cholesterol-based hormones that can be produced in the brain, independent of secretion from peripheral endocrine glands, such as the gonads and adrenals. A focus in our laboratory for over 25 years has been how production of the pregnane neurosteroid, allopregnanolone, is regulated and the novel (i.e...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00106
更新日期:2014-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Recent studies have found that rifampicin has neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the exact mechanisms of action remain unclear. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been considered a potential target for neuroprotection. In this study, we examined wheth...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2016.00273
更新日期:2016-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::Epilepsy is a disorder of abnormal brain activity typified by spontaneous and recurrent seizures. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs, critical for the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MiRNA dysregulation has previously been implicated in the induction of epilepsy. In this study, we examine...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00145
更新日期:2019-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::P2X receptor channels mediate fast excitatory signaling by ATP and play major roles in sensory transduction, neuro-immune communication and inflammatory response. P2X receptors constitute a gene family of calcium-permeable ATP-gated cation channels therefore the regulation of P2X signaling is critical for both membran...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00226
更新日期:2013-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::In the primary motor cortex (M1), layer 5 projection neurons signal directly to distant motor structures to drive movement. Despite their pivotal position and acknowledged diversity these neurons are traditionally separated into broad commissural and corticofugal types, and until now no attempt has been made at resolv...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00174
更新日期:2013-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Fatty acids (FAs) are typically associated with structural and metabolic roles, as they can be stored as triglycerides, degraded by β-oxidation or used in phospholipids' synthesis, the main components of biological membranes. It has been shown that these lipids exhibit also regulatory functions in different cell types...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00162
更新日期:2019-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Gamma aminobutric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain and mechanisms of GABAergic inhibition have been intensely investigated in the past decades. Recent studies provided evidence for an important role of astrocytes in shaping GABAergic currents. One of the most obvious, but yet poo...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00120
更新日期:2015-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia are activated after neuronal injury and in neurodegenerative diseases, and trigger neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia-derived neuroinflammation has both beneficial and detrimental effects on neurons. Because the timing and magnitude of microglial activation is thought to be a cr...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00206
更新日期:2018-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory cells may contribute to secondary brain injury following cerebral ischemia. The C57Bl/6 mouse strain is known to exhibit a T helper 1-prone, pro-inflammatory type response to injury, whereas the FVB strain is relatively T helper 2-prone, or anti-inflammatory, in its immune response. We tested whether stro...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00365
更新日期:2014-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the motor neurons that innervate muscle, resulting in gradual paralysis and culminating in the inability to breathe or swallow. This neuronal degeneration occurs in a spatiotemporal manner from a point of onset in the central nervo...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.581907
更新日期:2020-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::Central pattern generators (CPGs) in the thoracolumbar spinal cord generate the basic hindlimb locomotor pattern. The locomotor CPG integrates descending commands and sensory information from the periphery to activate, modulate and halt the rhythmic program. General CPG function and response to sensory perturbations a...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00452
更新日期:2019-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::The inferior olive (IO) is a nucleus located in the brainstem and it is part of the olivo-cerebellar loop. This circuit plays a fundamental role in generation and acquisition of coherent motor patterns and it relies on synchronous activation of groups of Purkinje cells (PC) in the cerebellar cortex. IO neurons integra...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00397
更新日期:2017-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::A recurrent and devastating feature of addiction to a drug of abuse is its persistence, which is mediated by maladaptive long-term memories of the highly pleasurable experience initially associated with the consumption of the drug. We have recently found that members of the CPEB family of proteins (Cytoplasmic Polyade...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00207
更新日期:2020-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::One century after its first description, pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still poorly understood. Amyloid-related dendritic atrophy and membrane alterations of susceptible brain neurons in AD, and in animal models of AD are widely recognized. However, little effort has been made to study the potential effects...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2016.00152
更新日期:2016-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::The schizophrenia brain is differentiated from the normal brain by subtle changes, with significant overlap in measures between normal and disease states. For the past 25 years, schizophrenia has increasingly been considered a neurodevelopmental disorder. This frame of reference challenges biological researchers to co...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00060
更新日期:2013-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Action potential-dependent release of synaptic vesicles and short-term synaptic plasticity are dynamically regulated by the endogenous Ca(2+) buffers that shape [Ca(2+)] profiles within a presynaptic bouton. Calmodulin is one of the most abundant presynaptic proteins and it binds Ca(2+) faster than any other character...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00239
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuronal potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 [indicated thereafter as KCC2 (for protein) and Kcc2 (for gene)] is thought to play an important role in the post natal excitatory to inhibitory switch of GABA actions in the rodent hippocampus. Here, by studying hippocampi of wild-type (Kcc2(+/+)) and Kcc2 deficient (K...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2011.00023
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Up to 15 years ago, bibliographic searches based on keywords such as "photoreceptor degeneration, inner retina" or "photoreceptor degeneration, second order neurons" returned only a handful of papers, as the field was dominated by the general assumption that retinal degeneration had direct effects on the sole populati...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00494
更新日期:2015-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is thought to be important for acute pain perception as well as the development of chronic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Nevertheless, how ACC neurons respond to sensory stimulation under chronic pain states is not well understood. Here, we used an in vivo two-photon imaging t...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00107
更新日期:2018-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of presynaptic protein expression in glutamatergic and GABAergic central synapses performed in several laboratories and with different techniques is unveiling a complex scenario, largely because each presynaptic protein exists in several isoforms. The interpretation of these findings is generally based on the...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00008
更新日期:2013-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::Exposing developing cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) to mutant Ataxin1 (ATXN1) in 82Q spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) mice disrupts motor behavior and cerebellar climbing fiber (CF) architecture from as early as 4 weeks of age. In contrast, if mutant ATXN1 expression is silenced until after cerebellar developmen...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00292
更新日期:2017-09-20 00:00:00