Abstract:
:The history and present status of the definition, prevalence, neurobiology, and treatment of atypical depression (AD) is presented. The concept of AD has evolved through the years, and currently, in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fifth Edition, the specifier of depressive episode with atypical feature is present for both diagnostic groups, that is, depressive disorders and bipolar and related disorders. This specifier includes mood reactivity, hyperphagia, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis, and interpersonal rejection sensitivity. Prevalence rates of AD are variable, depending on the criteria, methodology, and settings. The results of epidemiological studies using DSM criteria suggest that 15%-29% of depressed patients have AD, and the results of clinical studies point to a prevalence of 18%-36%. A relationship of AD with bipolar depression, seasonal depression, and obesity has also been postulated. Pathogenic research has been mostly focused on distinguishing AD from melancholic depression. The differences have been found in biochemical studies in the areas of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammatory markers, and the leptin system, although the results obtained are frequently controversial. A number of findings concerning such differences have also been obtained using neuroimaging and neurophysiological and neuropsychological methods. An initial concept of AD as a preferentially monoamine oxidase inhibitor-responsive depression, although confirmed in some further studies, is of limited use nowadays. Currently, despite numerous drug trials, there are no comprehensive treatment guidelines for AD. We finalize the article by describing the future research perspectives for the definition, neurobiology, and treatment. A better specification of diagnostic criteria and description of clinical picture, a genome-wide association study of AD, and establishing updated treatment recommendations for this clinical phenomenon should be the priorities for the coming years.
journal_name
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treatjournal_title
Neuropsychiatric disease and treatmentauthors
Łojko D,Rybakowski JKdoi
10.2147/NDT.S147317subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-09-20 00:00:00pages
2447-2456eissn
1176-6328issn
1178-2021pii
ndt-13-2447journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the main cause of disability and a major public health problem worldwide. This review focuses on the neurophysiology of TBI, and the rationale and current state of evidence of clinical application of brain stimulation to promote TBI recovery, particularly on consciousness, cognitiv...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2147/NDT.S65816
更新日期:2015-06-30 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine alexithymia among restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients, compare with healthy controls, and argue the clinical inferences of this relationship. We searched for anxiety and depression and their clinical outcomes among patients and searched whether the results are similar ...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S174552
更新日期:2018-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Medically intractable epilepsy is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. For those with focal epilepsy and correlated electrophysiological or radiographic features, open surgical resection can achieve high rates of seizure control, but can be associated with neurologic deficits and cognitive effects. Recen...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2147/NDT.S139544
更新日期:2017-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an increasingly popular FDA-approved treatment for resistant depression, migraines, and OCD. Research is also underway for its use in various other psychiatric and medical disorders. Although rare, seizures are a potential adverse event of TMS treatment. In this article, we discuss...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2147/NDT.S276635
更新日期:2020-12-07 00:00:00
abstract:Aim:This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) for the treatment of depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods:The design was a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The participants were patients with PD who...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S156695
更新日期:2018-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Aripiprazole is a third generation atypical antipsychotic with compelling evidence as a highly effective treatment option in the management of acute manic and mixed episodes of bipolar I disorders. It has a unique mode of action, acting as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and D3, and serotonin 5-HT1A; and exhibiting a...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2147/NDT.S40066
更新日期:2014-03-13 00:00:00
abstract:Background:It has been suggested that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might be a "comorbid" condition in selective mutism (SM). Methods:In this retrospective study, we examined medical records of children with SM diagnosis (n=97) at a medical center specializing in assessment of ASD. Results:Mean age for onset of SM s...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S154966
更新日期:2018-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::Antipsychotics are the mainstay in schizophrenia management, and long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics contribute to the successful maintenance of treatment by improving non-adherence and preventing relapses. Paliperidone palmitate 3-monthly (PP3M) formulation is the only available LAI antipsychotic that offers ...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2147/NDT.S197225
更新日期:2019-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of "cocktail therapy" in Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD). Patients and methods: Sixty patients with PDD were randomly assigned to the test group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). The control group received 10 mg of donepezil hydrochloride tablets orally, once a da...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S179453
更新日期:2019-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Isotretinoin, a drug used for moderate to severe acne, has been repeatedly associated with various psychiatric complications, although a definitive causal relationship has not been established to date. This case report describes a 25-year-old male who developed obsessive-compulsive disorder at the age of 23 years foll...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type:
doi:10.2147/NDT.S14438
更新日期:2010-10-29 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Mental disorders affect about one-third of the human population, are typically chronic and significantly decrease the quality of life. Presently, the treatment of mental illnesses is far from adequate with a substantial proportion of the patients being pharmacoresistant and suffering from relapses. One of t...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S238522
更新日期:2020-05-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The primary objective of this prospective observational study was to evaluate changes in self-reported disability in patients with anxiety or mood disorders 3 months after initiating antidepressant treatment. METHODS:This study included 8396 patients consulting 2433 general practitioners in France for a maj...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S34132
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Burden on caregivers of children/adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is multidimensional, but incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE:To analyze caregiver burden across the concepts of work, social/family life, and parental worry/stress, in relation to selected contributing factors. ...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S121391
更新日期:2017-02-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Migraine without aura (MoA) is a painful syndrome, particularly in childhood; it is often accompanied by severe impairments, including emotional dysfunction, absenteeism from school, and poor academic performance, as well as issues relating to poor cognitive function, sleep habits, and motor coordination. M...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S53853
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To date, the role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) rs274622, rs1468412, rs917071, rs6465084, and rs2299225 polymorphisms in schizophrenia remains controversial. To provide a clearer picture for the effect of the five most studied GRM3 polymorphisms on risk of schizophrenia, this meta-analysis with eligible ...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S77966
更新日期:2015-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare and newly described group of diseases involving autoantibodies directed against synaptic and neuronal cell surface antigens. It comprises a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Sensitive and specific diagnostic tests such as cell-based assay are primordial for the detection of neu...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2147/NDT.S82380
更新日期:2016-10-27 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:Typically, the diagnosis of conversion motor disorder (CMD) is achieved by the exclusion of a wide range of organic illnesses rather than by applying positive criteria. New diagnostic criteria are highly needed in this scenario. The main aim of this study was to explore the use of behavioral features as an incl...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S151695
更新日期:2018-05-18 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:This study examined the links between 24-hour activity patterns (specifically, amplitude and timing of wrist activity) and the persisting qualities of clinical antidepressant response to the glutamatergic modulator ketamine. Methods:Twenty-four-hour activity patterns were compared across 5 days of 24-hour acti...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S172089
更新日期:2018-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Delirium occurs in 23% of sepsis patients, in which pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide are suggested to be involved. However, in animal experiments, even a subseptic dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection induces both pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the brain, suggesting ...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/ndt.s3063
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Articulation disorders in young children are due to defects occurring at a certain stage in sensory and motor development. Some children with functional articulation disorders may also have sensory integration dysfunction (SID). We hypothesized that speech therapy would be less efficacious in children with S...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S40499
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To constitute the third revision of the guidelines for the treatment of bipolar disorder issued by the Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Bipolar Disorder (KMAP-BP 2014). METHODS:A 56-item questionnaire was used to obtain the consensus of experts regarding pharmacological treatment strategies for the va...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S77838
更新日期:2015-02-26 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:This study compared the effect of levetiracetam (LEV) as monotherapy to sodium valproate (VPA) as monotherapy on cognitive functions in patients with epilepsy. Methods:This was a comparative prospective study on 50 patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy started on antiseizure medications. Patients were selec...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S256117
更新日期:2020-08-11 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Abnormalities in both cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) have been reported in psychiatric disorders. Analysis of saliva, urine and blood cortisol and DHEA levels provides an index of hormone levels over a short time period. Unlike such conventional measures, fingernails incorporate endogenous hormones ...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2010-02-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In recent years, great attention has been given to the presence of psychological problems and psychiatric comorbidity that are also present in children affected by primary headaches. The relationship between pain and attachment has been identified, and it may be that pain perception may change in relation wi...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S52716
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND METHODS:This study investigated the effects of sleep deprivation on total and partial (early and late) declarative memory and activation in the areas of the brain involved in these activities. The study included two experiments. Experiment 1 included 40 male residents of an orphanage aged 16-19 years, wh...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S38905
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hemostasis is affected by interactions between physiological processes, including those connected with the coagulation system, whose essence is converting fibrinogen into fibrin. The role of factor VIII (FVIII) consists in activating factor X, which directly participates in the generation of thrombin, whic...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S43461
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:Stroke remains the primary cause of pain, suffering, and death in patients. One of the major thrusts in stroke therapy is to find an effective prevention strategy. Objectives of this study are to testify the neuro-protection effect of stigmasterol in ischemic/reperfusion injury model. Methods:The dosage-depend...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S220224
更新日期:2019-10-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Dark Triad (DT) describes a set of three closely related personality traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Mental toughness (MT) refers to a psychological construct combining confidence, commitment, control, and challenge. High MT is related to greater physical activity (PA) and, relative...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S97267
更新日期:2016-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluates the correlation between failure to develop spontaneous imitation and language skills in pervasive developmental disorders. Sixty-four children between the age of 3 and 8 years were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and the Aut...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/ndt.s5679
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence and etiology of acquired ataxia in Al-Kharga district, New Valley, Egypt. METHODS:A population-based study of acquired ataxia was conducted in a defined geographical region with a total population of 62,583. A door-to-door survey was used to identify ...
journal_title:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/NDT.S14497
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00