Achalasia: physiology and etiopathogenesis.

Abstract:

:Achalasia is a disorder of esophageal motility that has been well documented for over 300 years. Despite this, the initiating factor or factors and the underlying mechanisms leading to the characteristic features of achalasia, the absence of distal esophageal peristalsis and abnormal lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, are still not well understood. Recent work has shed light on changes in neurotransmission and cell signaling in the lower esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter that lead to achalasia. A number of recent reviews have thoroughly discussed diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and the reader is referred to these for in-depth review of these topics. The focus of this review will be on our current understanding of the physiology of esophageal peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter function as it relates to achalasia and on available evidence for etiology and proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms.

journal_name

Dis Esophagus

authors

Kraichely RE,Farrugia G

doi

10.1111/j.1442-2050.2006.00569.x

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2006-01-01 00:00:00

pages

213-23

issue

4

eissn

1120-8694

issn

1442-2050

pii

DES569

journal_volume

19

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Health-related quality of life in long-term survivors after high-dose chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery in esophageal cancer.

    abstract::Curative treatment of esophageal cancer with definitive or preoperative high-dose chemoradiotherapy inflicts a major strain on the patients with potentially severe physical, emotional, and social consequences. The aim of this study was to assess various aspects of quality of life and fatigue in long-term survivors fol...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2010.01104.x

    authors: Hurmuzlu M,Aarstad HJ,Aarstad AK,Hjermstad MJ,Viste A

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Transient esophageal obstruction in a young man: an intramural esophageal hematoma?

    abstract::SUMMARY. We present a case of a 20-year-old, previously healthy, male student who presented with dysphagia secondary to mechanical esophageal obstruction that resolved spontaneously. Although our patient did not have 'classic' patient characteristics, we believe that the clinical evidence supports the conclusion that ...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2005.00462.x

    authors: Lauzon SC,Heitmiller RF

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Decision analysis supports the use of drain amylase-based enhanced recovery method after esophagectomy.

    abstract::Postesophagectomy anastomotic leak is a common postsurgical complication. The current standard method of detecting leak is esophagram usually late in the postoperative period. Perianastomotic drain amylase level had shown promising results in early detection anastomosis leak. Previous studies have shown that postopera...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/dote/doy041

    authors: Jiang B,Ho VP,Ginsberg J,Fu SJ,Perry Y,Argote-Greene L,Linden PA,Towe CW

    更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00

  • Prospective non-randomized study of preoperative concurrent platinum plus 5-fluorouracil-based chemoradiotherapy with or without paclitaxel in esophageal cancer patients: long-term follow-up.

    abstract::Combined modality treatment for esophageal carcinoma seems to improve survival over surgery alone. Different combinations of cytotoxic drugs have been studied to improve antitumor efficacy and limit the toxicity of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with inconsistent results. We present a prospective study of neoadjuvant CRT wit...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2009.00984.x

    authors: Zemanova M,Petruzelka L,Pazdro A,Kralova D,Smejkal M,Pazdrova G,Honova H

    更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of polaprezinc on experimental corrosive esophageal burns in rats.

    abstract::Unconsciously caustic ingestion is one of the most common causes of serious esophageal strictures in children. The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of polaprezinc in preventing stricture formation after corrosive esophageal burns (CEB); this was the first time it has been used to treat experimental CEB...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/dote/dox104

    authors: Ozbayoglu A,Sonmez K,Karabulut R,Turkyilmaz Z,Poyraz A,Gulbahar O,Basaklar AC

    更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of clinical significance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in superficial squamous cell carcinomas of the thoracic esophagus.

    abstract::(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is used for pre-treatment staging and evaluation of response to pre-operative therapy in advanced thoracic esophageal cancers. To evaluate the clinical significance of PET diagnosis of superficial thoracic esophageal cancers, FDG-PET was conducted preop...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00743.x

    authors: Miyata H,Doki Y,Yasuda T,Yamasaki M,Higuchi I,Makari Y,Matsuyama J,Hirao T,Takiguchi S,Fujiwara Y,Monden M

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • The use of circular stapler for cervical esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy: surgical technique and early postoperative outcome.

    abstract::Stapled esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy is considered to be superior to traditional handsewn techniques. Linear staplers are usually used. The aim of this study is to evaluate early postoperative results of circular stapler in cervical esophagogastric anastomosis. Records of all patients who underwent ...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2008.00913.x

    authors: Pines G,Buyeviz V,Machlenkin S,Klein Y,Laor A,Kashtan H

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase promoter polymorphisms with genetic susceptibility to esophageal and cardia cancer in a Chinese high-risk population.

    abstract:SUMMARY:Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are key enzymes in folate metabolism, which is essential for normal DNA methylation and synthesis. Common polymorphisms at the MTHFR nucleotides position 677 (C-T) and a 28-bp tandem repeat polymorphism (2R or 3R) in the TS promoter enhan...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2005.00492.x

    authors: Wang LD,Guo RF,Fan ZM,He X,Gao SS,Guo HQ,Matsuo K,Yin LM,Li JL

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication for achalasia: long-term outcomes and effect on chest pain.

    abstract::The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication (LHD) and its effect on chest pain. Between June 1995 and August 2009, a total of 35 patients with achalasia underwent an LHD. The symptom scores were calculated by combining the frequency and the...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2009.01032.x

    authors: Sasaki A,Obuchi T,Nakajima J,Kimura Y,Koeda K,Wakabayashi G

    更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00

  • Laparoscopic-assisted left thoracoabdominal esophagectomy (LLTA): an innovative approach for locally advanced tumors of the gastroesophageal junction.

    abstract:PURPOSE:To report a novel approach for locally advanced tumors located at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) using a laparoscopic abdominal phase and open left thoracotomy with the patient in a single right lateral decubitus position. BACKGROUND:The standard open left thoracoabdominal approach offers excellent exposu...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/dote/doaa014

    authors: Reyhani A,Zylstra J,Davies AR,Gossage JA

    更新日期:2020-11-18 00:00:00

  • Coexistence of esophageal granular cell tumor and squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.

    abstract::Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are relatively uncommon, usually benign and solitary neoplasms. Until now, about 200 cases of esophageal GCTs have been reported in the literature. We present a rare case of synchronous occurrence of esophageal GCT and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in a 40-year-old white...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1046/j.1442-2050.2002.00232.x

    authors: Szumilo J,Dabrowski A,Skomra D,Chibowski D

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • The relationship between complaints of night-time heartburn and sleep-related gastroesophageal reflux.

    abstract::This study investigated whether the complaint of night-time heartburn (NHB) as opposed to daytime heartburn (DHB) is a reliable reflection of actual sleep-related reflux events. Three groups of individuals were studied: individuals with complaints of NHB at least twice per week (n = 24), individuals with complaints of...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/dote.12131

    authors: Orr WC,Goodrich S,Estep ME,Shepherd K

    更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00

  • Candida colonization in patients with esophageal disease: a prospective clinical study.

    abstract::The incidence of Candida infection has significantly increased over the recent years, becoming the fourth most common pathogens isolated in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU). Mortality rates ranging between 6 and 38% have been reported to be associated with candidemia. Esophageal surgery may increase the...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1442-2050.2003.00297.x

    authors: Bonavina L,Incarbone R,Reitano M,Tortorano A,Viviani M,Peracchia A

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Prognostic relevance of serial endoscopic ultrasound after chemoradiation in esophageal cancer.

    abstract::The objective of this study is the feasibility of sequential endoscopic and endosonographic measurement of locoregional tumor load for the prediction of tumor recurrence in patients after neoadjuvant or definitive chemoradiotherapy, treated in curative intent for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma. In 67 patients w...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/dote/dox065

    authors: Bohle W,Kasper M,Zoller WG

    更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00

  • Astaxanthin increases radiosensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through inducing apoptosis and G2/M arrest.

    abstract::Nowadays esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is primarily treated by a comprehensive approach combining surgical resection and neoadjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy. However, ESCC is resistant to radiation therapy, resulting in its invasion, infiltration, and metastasis. It usually has rapidly progressed and has a ...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/dote/dox027

    authors: Qian X,Tan C,Yang B,Wang F,Ge Y,Guan Z,Cai J

    更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00

  • Does the Pittsburgh Severity Score predict outcome in esophageal perforation?

    abstract::Esophageal perforation is an uncommon and challenging surgical emergency associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. At present, no consensus exists on optimal management of the condition. The Pittsburgh Severity Score (PSS) is a tool intended to stratify perforation severity and guide treatment. However, t...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/dote/doy109

    authors: Wigley C,Athanasiou A,Bhatti A,Sheikh A,Hodson J,Bedford M,Griffiths EA

    更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • The natural history of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a comprehensive review.

    abstract::Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder of the upper gastrointestinal tract which is typically characterized by heartburn and acid regurgitation. These symptoms are widespread in the community and range from 2.5% to more than 25%. Economic analyses showed an increase in direct and indirect costs re...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/dote.12511

    authors: Savarino E,de Bortoli N,De Cassan C,Della Coletta M,Bartolo O,Furnari M,Ottonello A,Marabotto E,Bodini G,Savarino V

    更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00

  • Geometrical differences in target volumes based on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and four-dimensional computed tomography maximum intensity projection images of primary thoracic esophageal cancer.

    abstract::The objective of the study was to compare geometrical differences of target volumes based on four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) maximum intensity projection (MIP) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) images of primary thoracic esophageal cancer for radia...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/dote.12247

    authors: Guo Y,Li J,Wang W,Zhang Y,Wang J,Duan Y,Shang D,Fu Z

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Laparoscopic inversion esophagectomy: simplifying a daunting operation.

    abstract::Minimally invasive esophageal resection is a technically demanding procedure that may reduce patient morbidity and improve convalescence when compared with the open approach. Despite these proposed advantages, the minimally invasive approach has not been widely embraced and is routinely performed in only a few special...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2004.00383.x

    authors: Jobe BA,Reavis KM,Davis JJ,Hunter JG

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: a study of clinical features, pathology, management and prognosis.

    abstract::Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is a rare disease that is characterized by aggressive invasion, early metastasis, and poor prognosis. Treatment protocols are not well-established. To understand this condition more precisely, we performed a retrospective review of eight cases of PMME diagnosed at the...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2010.01111.x

    authors: Yu H,Huang XY,Li Y,Xie X,Zhou JL,Zhang LJ,Fu JH,Wang X

    更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00

  • Assessment of novel endoscopic techniques for visualizing superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: autofluorescence and narrow-band imaging.

    abstract::Lugol chromoendoscopy (LCE) is a useful technique for visualizing superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC), but the stimulating effect of the Lugol solution can sometimes cause clinical problems. Newly developed techniques such as narrow-band imaging (NBI) and autofluorescence imaging (AFI) enable SESCC ...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2008.00925.x

    authors: Yoshida Y,Goda K,Tajiri H,Urashima M,Yoshimura N,Kato T

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • High-resolution manometry findings in patients with achalasia and massive dilated megaesophagus.

    abstract::Achalasia may present in a non-advanced or an advanced (end stage) stage based on the degree of esophageal dilatation. Manometric parameters and esophageal caliber may be prognostic for the outcome of treatment. The correlation between manometry and disease stage has not been yet fully studied. This study aims to desc...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/dote/dow008

    authors: Menezes MA,Andolfi C,Herbella FA,Patti MG

    更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00

  • When are reflux episodes symptomatic?

    abstract::Careful scrutiny of pH recordings and symptom diaries in patients having 24-hour pH-metry reveals that most reflux episodes are asymptomatic. Although this observation is well known and long recognized, the explanation for why one reflux episode leads to symptoms and others do not is incompletely understood. Forty-fou...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00650.x

    authors: Portale G,Peters J,Hsieh CC,Tamhankar A,Arain M,Hagen J,DeMeester S,DeMeester T

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of bisphosphonates on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell survival.

    abstract::Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most malignant cancers in Japan. Anticancer chemotherapy has been useful for ESCC treatment. However, therapeutic options are limited. Recently, bisphosphonates (BPs), which are osteoporosis drugs, have shown anticancer effects in several cancer cell lines, but t...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/dote.12370

    authors: Minegaki T,Fukushima S,Morioka C,Takanashi H,Uno J,Tsuji S,Yamamoto S,Watanabe A,Tsujimoto M,Nishiguchi K

    更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00

  • Implementation of guidelines in eosinophilic esophagitis at an academic pediatric practice.

    abstract::Guidelines for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) require high-dose PPI (HD-PPI) trial to evaluate for PPI-responsive esophageal eosinophilia (PPI-REE) prior to EoE diagnosis and dedicated therapy. This involves a second esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) to assess for PPI-REE. This study is to evaluate adherence to current...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/dote/doy029

    authors: Harris BR,Hon E,Gupta SK

    更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00

  • Diagnostic criteria and surgical procedure for megaesophagus--a personal experience.

    abstract::Megaesophagus is the end-stage of achalasia cardiae. It is the result of peristaltic disorders and slow decompensation of the muscular layer of the esophagus. The aim of this article is to detail the diagnostic criteria and surgical management of megaesophagus. Criteria were acute bending of esophagus axis; lack of es...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2008.00897.x

    authors: Lewandowski A

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Novel association of achalasia with hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy with sensorineural deafness.

    abstract::Achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder. Unlike diffuse esophageal spasm, it has not previously been described in association with hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy (HSMN). An 18-year-old-male with HSMN with sensorineural deafness presented with a 2-day history of dysphagia to solids and liquids. Ach...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type:

    doi:10.1111/dote.12111

    authors: Asthana AK,Lubel JS,Kohn GP

    更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00

  • Circumferential and axial distribution of esophageal mucosal damage in reflux disease.

    abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate the axial and radial distribution of histological markers including hyperplasia of the basal cell layer, elongation of the papillae and dilatation of the intercellular spaces of the squamous epithelium in patients with nonerosive reflux disease compared to controls and to relate t...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00678.x

    authors: Edebo A,Vieth M,Tam W,Bruno M,van Berkel AM,Stolte M,Schoeman M,Tytgat G,Dent J,Lundell L

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of long-term outcomes between esophagectomy and chemoradiotherapy after endoscopic resection of submucosal esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

    abstract::Esophagectomy represents the standard treatment strategy for superficial esophageal cancer diagnosed pathologically as submucosal disease (pT1b) following an endoscopic resection (ER). However, chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is expected to become an alternative treatment option. This study retrospectively compared the outcom...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/dote/doz023

    authors: Tanaka T,Ueno M,Iizuka T,Hoteya S,Haruta S,Udagawa H

    更新日期:2019-12-31 00:00:00

  • Impedance nadir values correlate with barium bolus amount.

    abstract::We examined the value of impedance monitoring in measuring bolus volume compared with videoesophagram. Eighty consecutive subjects were studied with simultaneous impedance-manometry-videoesophagram. A catheter with both an impedance electrode pair and a pressure transducer at four sites (5, 10, 15, 20 cm above lower e...

    journal_title:Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01302.x

    authors: Imam H,Marrero F,Shay S

    更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00