Abstract：
:There is a growing body of scientific evidence indicating that nicotine contributes to the progression of periodontal disease, and is detrimental to healing following periodontal therapy. Smokers show a higher prevalence and greater severity of periodontal disease than non-smokers. Nicotine has toxic effects on peripheral, circulation, which cause gingival vasoconstriction. As a result, a decreased number of immune cells are available in the gingival tissue, which translates into a weakened defence-reparative system. Nicotine can also depress primary and secondary immune response by reducing the chemotactic and phagocytic activities of leukocytes. Clinically, smoking has been associated with increased pocket depths, calculus deposition,alveolar bone loss, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Despite efforts by various investigators, the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of smoking on periodontal status and wound healing remain unresolved. This paper reviews the relationship between smoking and periodontal disease. It also includes a historical overview of the research, and a review of the effects of smoking on oral bacteria, the immune system and exocrine glands. In addition, risk assessment for periodontal disease, clinical features of smokers' periodontitis, response of smokers' periodontal disease to treatment, and ideas for future research are discussed.
journal_name
J Can Dent Assocjournal_title
Journal (Canadian Dental Association)authors
Qandil R,Sandhu HS,Matthews DCsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-03-01 00:00:00pages
187-92, 194-5issue
3eissn
0709-8936issn
1488-2159journal_volume
63pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Necrotizing fasciitis is a potentially fatal, acute bacterial infection characterized by extensive fascial and subcutaneous tissue necrosis. Four factors that contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of necrotizing fasciitis are: 1) delayed treatment, due to difficulty in recognizing the condition; 2) i...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to identify the parental factors associated with regular use of dental services by second year secondary school students in Quebec. Data were collected in 1996-97, as part of a provincial survey on the dental health of Quebec students. A stratified probabilistic sample of 1,351 students, repr...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To explore the psychosocial impacts of dentistry as described by patients. METHODS:I conducted 6 qualitative interviews with people whose access to dental care had been limited because of financial barriers, but who had recently undergone significant treatment through a dental outreach program. RESULTS:In ...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of prospective studies started in the mid-1980s at the University of Toronto have provided evidence of the efficacy and effectiveness of implants in the treatment of the fully and partially edentulous patients. These studies have focused primarily on treatment outcomes at the surgical and prosthodontic levels...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This is the fourth in a series of 5 articles providing a contemporary overview and introduction to unconventional dentistry (UD) and its correlation to unconventional medicine (UM). Several common UD and UM practices are described to familiarize practitioners with a variety of theories, practices, products and treatme...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:These consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity were developed by a broadly constituted board of dentists and dental hygienists drawn from general dental practice, specialist practice, academia and research from across Canada, joined by 2 international dentists with subject ...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 共识发展会议,杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. The conventional tumour and several histologic subtypes of SCC present morphologic features and specific behaviour when they occur in the oral mucosa. For example, basaloid SCC is an aggressive tumour and verrucous carcinoma has...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Verrucous carcinoma is a slow-growing, well differentiated carcinoma that is chiefly exophytic but can invade and destroy oral tissues. It typically presents as an extensive, white, warty lesion of the buccal mucosa or mandibular gingiva, although it also occurs at other sites. Diagnosis can be difficult, with repeat ...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Xerostomia (dry mouth) is an unpleasant condition that is common after radiotherapy to the head and neck, although it may have other causes. A review of the management of xerostomia, as well as the prevention and management of the oral soft tissue and dental complications resulting from xerostomia, is provided. ...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The resistance of bacteria, fungi and viruses to antimicrobials is increasing rapidly, with deleterious consequences. Dentistry's role in this development is unclear, because the necessary information has not yet been collected. Nevertheless, dentists should recognize that it is essential to use antimicrobials in an a...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prosthetic planning is critical to the success of the diagnostic phase of implant therapy and is used to establish fixture numbers, position and the optimal occlusal scheme, based on the design of the definitive prosthesis. The prosthetic needs of the patient, anticipated functional and parafunctional forces, restorat...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The department of dentistry of the Hospital for Sick Children has actively maintained a quality assurance system since the early 1980s. In addition, members of the department have taught courses and published articles on risk management and quality assurance for over a decade. The decision to achieve ISO 9002 registra...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sickle cell anemia is endemic in certain parts of the world. With the increase in immigration into Canada from some of these areas, new demands are being placed on the country's health care system. However, improved methods of managing sickle cell anemia have resulted in a longer lifespan and better quality of life fo...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past several decades, latex hypersensitivity has become an increasingly common phenomenon in the dental setting. Exposure to latex via direct skin contact or inhalation of airborne allergens from powdered gloves poses the risk of sensitizing both clinicians and their patients. Adverse reactions to latex range...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The caries rates of six-year-old Manitoba children from a non-fluoridated Northern community were compared with those of a representative group of southern Manitoba children from non-fluoridated areas. All of the surveyed children became eligible for dental treatment coverage under Manitoba Health's Children's Dental ...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress is inherent in dental practice. Identifying stressful factors is the first step toward coping with the insidious nature of stress, as preventive measures can then be efficiently established. While numerous studies have been conducted, none of them has identified a specific stress factor that is common to all pr...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of the ever-increasing enthusiasm that new graduates have demonstrated for practising minor oral surgery procedures, the authors believed that it would be useful to translate the results of a research project done in 1990 by Drs. David S. Precious and Paul Mercier, who are well-known oral and maxillofacial sur...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:People living in long-term care (LTC) facilities face many oral health challenges, often complicated by their medical conditions, use of medications and limited access to oral health care. OBJECTIVE:To determine Manitoba dentists' perspectives on the oral health of LTC residents and to identify the types ...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a crossover double blind experimental design, the nocturnal masseteric activity of 14 selected volunteers was evaluated by means of a portable electromyograph recording unit. The recordings lasted for a period of 16 days following ingestion of caffeine or placebo for five specific days each. There were no significa...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Identical, unilateral, distal extension base (DEB) maxillary and mandibular casts with a posterior modification area were mailed to 15 Canadian commercial dental laboratories. Each cast was accompanied by a letter explaining the purpose of the study and a request for the laboratory to design a RPD-U and RPD-L framewor...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To perform a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of interventions used in the emergency management of acute apical periodontitis in the permanent dentition. METHODS:Electronic databases were searched from their inception to 2001. These searches, combined with manual searching,...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To assess the prescribing decisions of general dentists in Vancouver and endodontists in British Columbia regarding analgesics and antibiotics for patients with endodontic disease. An additional aim was to determine whether gender, clinical experience or practice location have an impact on such decisions. METHODS:...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intent of this article is to assist dentists and their staff in the assessment of systemic disease, and establish a framework for clinical decision making that correlates medical risk with the anticipated complexity of the planned dental procedures. Two examples of systemic disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD) an...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To estimate the quantity of dental amalgam that Ontario dentists release into waste water. METHODS:Information from a self-administered postal survey of Ontario dentists was combined with the results of other experiments on the weight of amalgam restorations and the quantity of amalgam waste that bypasses solids s...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the width of 3 or 4 fingers of one hand and maximum mouth opening (MMO) in healthy subjects. METHODS:One hundred and forty dental students (age 21 to 42 years, mean 27.4 years) participated in the study. The ability of each subject to position 3 or...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The World Health Organization (WHO), the International Committee for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, and the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology, have strongly suggested that INR (International Normalized Ratio) values should be used to report a patient's level of coagulation. This paper discusses the...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In light of the increasing demand for fixed prosthetics by today's patients, the author felt the time was right for a review of an area of fixed prosthetics that is neither well understood nor well accepted. The cantilever fixed partial denture (FPD) requires more time to treatment plan and place than other comparable...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This is the third in a series of 5 articles providing a contemporary overview and introduction to unconventional dentistry (UD) and its correlation to unconventional medicine (UM). UD presents issues of dental quackery, fraud and malpractice, and it also engenders professional concerns about public protection and prof...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of predisposing systemic disease, the frequent administration of medication, and the use of a complete denture, oral candidiasis is a common problem among older, chronically ill, institutionalized adults. This randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of an antifungal denture soaking...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dens evaginatus is a dental anomaly found predominantly in people of Mongoloid origin. Dentists practising in Western countries should also be aware of this condition because of the increasing migration of people from Asia. Supernumerary premolars are uncommon but may be found incidentally during radiographic examinat...
journal_title：Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
