Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Stunting, a form of malnutrition characterized by impaired linear growth in the first two years of life, affects one quarter of children globally. While nutritional status remains the key cause of stunting, there is evidence that environmental risk factors are associated with stunting. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this review is to explore the current literature and compile the environmental risk factors that have been associated with stunting. Further, we seek to discover which risk factors act independently of nutritional intake. METHODS:A systematic search of the literature was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, TOXNET, and CINAHL. A search of the grey literature was conducted. Papers were included in this review if they examined an association between childhood stunting and exposure to environmental risk factors. FINDINGS:We included 71 reports in the final analysis. The included studies showed that foodborne mycotoxins, a lack of adequate sanitation, dirt floors in the home, poor quality cooking fuels, and inadequate local waste disposal are associated with an increased risk of childhood stunting. Access to safe water sources was studied in a large number of studies, but the results remain inconclusive due to inconsistent study findings. Limited studies were available for arsenic, mercury, and environmental tobacco, and thus their role in stunting remains inconclusive. The identified research did not control for nutritional intake. A causal model identified solid fuel use and foodborne mycotoxins as being environmental risk factors with the potential to have direct effects on childhood growth. CONCLUSIONS:A diverse range of environmental risk factors are, to varying degrees, associated with stunting, demonstrating the importance of considering how the environment interacts with nutrition. Health promotion activities may be more effective if they consider environmental factors alongside nutritional interventions.
journal_name
Ann Glob Healthjournal_title
Annals of global healthauthors
Vilcins D,Sly PD,Jagals Pdoi
10.9204/aogh.2361subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-11-05 00:00:00pages
551-562issue
4issn
2214-9996journal_volume
84pub_type
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journal_title：Annals of global health
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journal_title：Annals of global health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-05-09 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-11-02 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of global health
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Annals of global health
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journal_title：Annals of global health
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.5334/aogh.2348
更新日期：2019-07-12 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of global health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Annals of global health
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journal_title：Annals of global health
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更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of global health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-03-19 00:00:00
