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Three-dimensional analysis of facial morphology in normal Japanese children as control data for cleft surgery.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:This study presents an analysis of three-dimensional facial forms of normal Japanese children. DESIGN AND SETTING:Cross-sectional data (n = 247) were available from the Ikeda Public Health Center. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS:Three groups of children (ninety-seven 4-month-old infants, fifty-four 1.5-year-old children, and eighty 3.5-year-old children) were analyzed using a three-dimensional anthropometric technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Three-dimensional coordinates of facial landmarks were extracted automatically from XYZ data sets and photo images of an optical surface scanner. RESULTS:Only minor gender differences were noted. Lip height was not correlated with other facial dimensions. There was a significant correlation between upper face, nose, and mouth widths. Compared with adults, the upper face width was larger (approximately 70% to 80% of adults) than the middle and lower parts of the face. Width ratios were greater than height and depth ratios. The lip height ratio, however, was larger than the lip width ratio, and the angle of the cupid's bow was more acute in children. The angle of the nose was more obtuse, particularly in the axial plane. CONCLUSIONS:In cleft lip surgery involving young children, there may be no need to consider gender differences. Some characteristic differences exist between children and adults, however, and normal standards for children would be helpful in plastic surgery.

journal_name

Cleft Palate Craniofac J

journal_title

The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association

authors

Yamada T,Mori Y,Minami K,Mishima K,Tsukamoto Y

doi

10.1597/1545-1569_2002_039_0517_tdaofm_2.0.co_2

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2002-09-01 00:00:00

pages

517-26

issue

5

eissn

1055-6656

issn

1545-1569

journal_volume

39

pub_type

杂志文章

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