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Area Median Income and Metropolitan Versus Nonmetropolitan Location of Care for Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Complex Interaction of Social Determinants.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan status and area median income may independently affect care for and outcomes of acute coronary syndromes. We sought to determine whether location of care modifies the association among area income, receipt of cardiac catheterization, and mortality following an acute coronary syndrome in a universal health care system. METHODS AND RESULTS:We studied a cohort of 14 012 acute coronary syndrome patients admitted to cardiology services between April 18, 2004, and December 31, 2011, in southern Alberta, Canada. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the odds of cardiac catheterization within 1 day and 7 days of admission and the odds of 30-day and 1-year mortality according to area median household income quintile for patients presenting at metropolitan and nonmetropolitan hospitals. In models adjusting for area income, patients who presented at nonmetropolitan facilities had lower adjusted odds of receiving cardiac catheterization within 1 day of admission (odds ratio 0.22, 95% CI 0.11-0.46, P<0.001). Among nonmetropolitan patients, when examined by socioeconomic status, each incremental decrease in income quintile was associated with 10% lower adjusted odds of receiving cardiac catheterization within 7 days (P<0.001) and 24% higher adjusted odds of 30-day mortality (P=0.008) but no significant difference for 1-year mortality (P=0.12). There were no differences in adjusted mortality among metropolitan patients. CONCLUSION:Within a universal health care system, the association among area income and receipt of cardiac catheterization and 30-day mortality differed depending on the location of initial medical care for acute coronary syndromes. Care protocols are required to improve access to care and outcomes in patients from low-income nonmetropolitan communities.

journal_name

J Am Heart Assoc

journal_title

Journal of the American Heart Association

authors

Fabreau GE,Leung AA,Southern DA,James MT,Knudtson ML,Ghali WA,Ayanian JZ

doi

10.1161/JAHA.115.002447

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-02-23 00:00:00

issue

issn

2047-9980

pii

JAHA.115.002447

journal_volume

pub_type

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Area Median Income and Metropolitan Versus Nonmetropolitan Location of Care for Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Complex Interaction of Social Determinants.