Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Health care financing reforms in both China and Vietnam have resulted in greater financial difficulties in accessing health care, especially for the rural poor. Both countries have been developing rural health insurance for decades. This study aims to evaluate and compare equity in access to health care in rural health insurance system in the two countries. METHODS:Household survey and qualitative study were conducted in 6 counties in China and 4 districts in Vietnam. Health insurance policy and its impact on utilization of outpatient and inpatient service were analyzed and compared to measure equity in access to health care. RESULTS:In China, Health insurance membership had no significant impact on outpatient service utilization, while was associated with higher utilization of inpatient services, especially for the higher income group. Health insurance members in Vietnam had higher utilization rates of both outpatient and inpatient services than the non-members, with higher use among the lower than higher income groups. Qualitative results show that bureaucratic obstacles, low reimbursement rates, and poor service quality were the main barriers for members to use health insurance. CONCLUSIONS:China has achieved high population coverage rate over a short time period, starting with a limited benefit package. However, poor people have less benefit from NCMS in terms of health service utilization. Compared to China, Vietnam health insurance system is doing better in equity in health service utilization within the health insurance members. However with low population coverage, a large proportion of population cannot enjoy the health insurance benefit. Mutual learning would help China and Vietnam address these challenges, and improve their policy design to promote equitable and sustainable health insurance.
journal_name
Int J Equity Healthjournal_title
International journal for equity in healthauthors
Liu X,Tang S,Yu B,Phuong NK,Yan F,Thien DD,Tolhurst Rdoi
10.1186/1475-9276-11-10subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-02-29 00:00:00pages
10issn
1475-9276pii
1475-9276-11-10journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Through a number of healthcare reforms, Kenya has demonstrated its intention to extend financial risk protection and service coverage for poor and vulnerable groups. These reforms include the provision of free maternity services, user-fee removal in public primary health facilities and a health insurance sub...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-019-1006-2
更新日期:2019-06-24 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite the relentless efforts to reduce infant and child mortality with the introduction of the National Expanded Programmes on Immunization (EPI) in 1974, major disparities still exist in immunizations coverage across different population sub-groups. In Kenya, for instance, while the proportion of fully ...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-015-0154-2
更新日期:2015-02-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite free healthcare to pregnant women and children under the age of six, access to healthcare has failed to secure better child health outcomes amongst all children of the country. There is growing evidence of socioeconomic gradient on child health outcomes METHODS:The objectives of this study were to m...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-9276-10-13
更新日期:2011-04-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2014 the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the "End TB Strategy", setting new ambitious goals for elimination of tuberculosis (TB). In contrast with previous efforts to control TB, the new strategy adopted the protection and promotion of human rights in TB prevention and care as a core pillar. This...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-019-0928-z
更新日期:2019-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::BACKGROUND: The nurse-doctor relationship is historically one of female nurse deference to male physician authority. We investigated the effects of physicians' sex on female nurses' behaviour. METHODS: Nurses at an urban, university based hospital completed one of two forms of a vignette-based survey in January, 2000....
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-9276-2-1
更新日期:2003-02-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While psychosocial theory claims that socioeconomic status (SES), acting through social comparisons, has an important influence on susceptibility to disease, materialistic theory says that socioeconomic position (SEP) and related access to material resources matter more. However, the relative role of SEP ver...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0566-2
更新日期:2017-05-04 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between multimorbidity and Preference_Weighted Health Related Quality of Life (PW_HRQoL), a score that combines physical and mental functioning, and how this varies by socioeconomic deprivation and age. DESIGN:The Scottish Health Survey (SHeS) is a cross-sectional representativ...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-9276-12-67
更新日期:2013-08-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this article is to describe an interventional project in a University Hospital. It explains the adjustments that were made to provide good care for patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities in an acute care setting in Western Switzerland. It is not the exposition of the results...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-019-0948-8
更新日期:2019-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Whether smoking accelerates memory recession has been a topic of significant research. However, randomised controlled trials are not easy to carry out, and does not comply with the ethics of research. And observation method which based on the most readily observed data is easy to draw the wrong conclusions w...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0417-6
更新日期:2016-08-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Efficiency and equity are both important policy objectives in resource allocation. The discipline of health economics has traditionally focused on maximising efficiency, however addressing inequities in health also requires consideration. Methods to incorporate equity within economic evaluation techniques ra...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-9276-8-34
更新日期:2009-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Tak province, Thailand migrants and refugees from Myanmar navigate a pluralistic healthcare system to seek Tuberculosis (TB) care from a variety of government and non-governmental providers. This multi-methods qualitative study examined access to TB, TB/HIV and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) tr...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0391-z
更新日期:2016-07-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Life expectancy initially improves rapidly with economic development but then tails off. Yet, at any level of economic development, some countries do better, and some worse, than expected - they either punch above or below their weight. Why this is the case has been previously researched but no full explanat...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-018-0832-y
更新日期:2018-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::This article aims to clarify the moral underpinning of the policy framework of Healthy Ageing. It is a policy adopted by the World Health Organization designed to operate in alignment with the United Nations (UN) framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the urgency given for the achievement of Univers...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12939-019-0997-z
更新日期:2019-09-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite recent progress in improving access to maternal health services, the utilization of these services remains inequitable among women in developing countries, and rural women are particularly disadvantaged. This study sought to measure i) disparities in the rates of institutional births between rural an...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-019-1025-z
更新日期:2019-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Despite being the wealthiest and one of the most technologically advanced countries in the world, the United States has the greatest number of Covid-19 cases and deaths. What accounts for this failure? The dismantling of the country's public health infrastructure has crippled contact tracing and exacerbated inequality...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-020-01354-6
更新日期:2021-01-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Health sector priority setting in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) entails balancing between a high demand and low supply of scarce resources. Human Resources for Health (HRH) consume the largest allocation of health sector resources in LMICs. Health sector decentralization continues to be promoted fo...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-020-01284-3
更新日期:2020-09-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mobile Clinics represent an untapped resource for our healthcare system. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated its limitations. Mobile health clinic programs in the US already play important, albeit under-appreciated roles in the healthcare system. They provide access to healthcare especially for displaced o...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-020-01175-7
更新日期:2020-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The theory of fundamental causes explains why health disparities persist over time, even as risk factors, mechanisms, and diseases change. Using an intersectional framework, we evaluated multifactorial discrimination as a fundamental cause of mental health disparities. METHODS:Using baseline data from the P...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0532-z
更新日期:2017-03-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Due to lack of companionship of parents, compared with non left behind children, left behind children (LBC) suffer from more psychological problems compared with children live with their parents. The aim of this study was to explore the mental health status and the relationship among psychological problems a...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0639-2
更新日期:2017-09-02 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:One of the main weaknesses of the health system in Turkey is the uneven distribution of physicians. The diversity among geographical districts was huge in the beginning of the 1960s. After the 1980s, the implementation of a two-year compulsory service for newly graduated physicians is an interesting and sp...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-014-0131-1
更新日期:2015-01-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Given the persistence of Indigenous health inequities across national contexts, many countries have adopted strategies to improve the health of Indigenous peoples. Governmental recognition of the unique health needs of Indigenous populations is necessary for the development of targeted programs and policies ...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-020-1149-1
更新日期:2020-07-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Record numbers of people, across the world, are forced to be displaced because of conflict or other violations of their human rights, thus becoming refugees. Often, refugees not only have a higher burden of disease but also compromised access to healthcare, as they face many barriers, such as limited knowled...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0694-8
更新日期:2017-11-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2004, The Kenyan government removed user fees in public dispensaries and health centers and replaced them with registration charges of 10 and 20 Kenyan shillings (2004 $US 0.13 and $0.25), respectively. This was termed the 10/20 policy. We examined the effect of this policy on the coverage, timing, source...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-020-1150-8
更新日期:2020-03-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With the depth development of health care system reform in China, emergency medical services (EMS) is confronted with challenges as well as opportunities. This study aimed to analyze the equity of China's EMS needs, utilization, and resources distribution, and put forward proposal to improve the equity. MET...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0507-5
更新日期:2017-01-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aims of this study were to examine indicators of socioeconomic deprivation among secondary school students and to determine associations between household poverty, neighbourhood deprivation and health indicators. METHODS:Data were from a nationally representative sample of 8500 secondary school students...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0398-5
更新日期:2016-07-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hypertension has become a global health challenge given its high prevalence and but low awareness and detection. Whether the actual prevalence of hypertension has been estimated is important, especially for the poor. This study aimed to measure tested prevalence and self-reported prevalence of hypertension a...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-018-0796-y
更新日期:2018-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dying at home is the most frequent preference of patients with advanced chronic conditions, their caregivers, and the general population. However, most deaths continue to occur in hospitals. The objective of this study was to analyse the socioeconomic inequalities in the place of death in urban areas of Medi...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-020-01324-y
更新日期:2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Japan's stagnant economy has produced increasing income disparities, and the effect of poverty on health and health-care utilization is a significant issue. Co-payments could be a trade-off for patients when seeking medical care and limit health-care utilization. We sought primary care physicians' experience...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0534-x
更新日期:2017-02-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The concept of social capital has been extensively used to explain the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescent health and well-being. Much less is known about the specific mechanism through which social capital impacts the relationship. This paper investigates whether an individual's p...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0490-x
更新日期:2016-12-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although health equity issues at regional, national and international levels are receiving increasing attention, health equity issues at the local level have been virtually overlooked. Here, we describe here a comprehensive equity assessment carried out by the Hôpital Albert Schweitzer-Haiti (HAS) in 2003. H...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-9276-6-7
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00