Abstract：
INTRODUCTION:Despite the relentless efforts to reduce infant and child mortality with the introduction of the National Expanded Programmes on Immunization (EPI) in 1974, major disparities still exist in immunizations coverage across different population sub-groups. In Kenya, for instance, while the proportion of fully immunized children increased from 57% in 2003 to 77% in 2008-9 at national level and 73% in Nairobi, only 58% of children living in informal settlement areas are fully immunized. The study aims to determine the degree and determinants of immunization inequality among the urban poor of Nairobi. METHOD:We used data from the Nairobi Cross-Sectional Slum Survey of 2012 and the health outcome was full immunization status among children aged 12-23 months. The wealth index was used as a measure of social economic position for inequality analysis. The potential determinants considered included sex of the child and mother's education, their occupation, age at birth of the child, and marital status. The concentration index (CI) was used to quantify the degree of inequality and decomposition approach to assess determinants of inequality in immunization. RESULTS:The CI for not fully immunized was -0.08 indicating that immunization inequality is mainly concentrated among children from poor families. Decomposition of the results suggests that 78% of this inequality is largely explained by the mother's level of education. CONCLUSION:There exists immunization inequality among urban poor children in Nairobi and efforts to reduce this inequality should aim at targeting mothers with low level of education during immunization campaigns.
journal_name
Int J Equity Healthjournal_title
International journal for equity in healthauthors
Egondi T,Oyolola M,Mutua MK,Elung'ata Pdoi
10.1186/s12939-015-0154-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-02-27 00:00:00pages
24issn
1475-9276pii
10.1186/s12939-015-0154-2journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:BACKGROUND: The nurse-doctor relationship is historically one of female nurse deference to male physician authority. We investigated the effects of physicians' sex on female nurses' behaviour. METHODS: Nurses at an urban, university based hospital completed one of two forms of a vignette-based survey in January, 2000....
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1475-9276-2-1
更新日期：2003-02-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aims of this study were to examine indicators of socioeconomic deprivation among secondary school students and to determine associations between household poverty, neighbourhood deprivation and health indicators. METHODS:Data were from a nationally representative sample of 8500 secondary school students...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-016-0398-5
更新日期：2016-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The Brazilian Government created Participatory Health Councils (PHCs) to allow citizen participation in the public health policy process. PHCs are advisory bodies that operate at all levels of government and that bring together different societal groups to monitor Brazil's health system. Today they are pre...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-015-0151-5
更新日期：2015-02-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies from various countries have observed worse population health in geographical areas with more income inequality. The psychosocial interpretation of this association is that large income disparities are harmful to health because they generate relative deprivation and undermine social cohesion. An alter...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1475-9276-10-7
更新日期：2011-02-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Current evidence highlights that language discordant clinical encounters seriously compromise patient quality of care and health outcomes. We aimed to characterise patterns of interpreter service use in medical inpatient wards use and explore clinician experience of language discordance. METHODS:Participant...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-018-0865-2
更新日期：2018-09-24 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:If an intervention is not well spatially targeted, appropriate levels of uptake, efficacy, long-term compliance and improved health outcomes are unlikely to be attained. Effective health interventions should seek to achieve not only absolute improvements in health but also to reduce inequity. There is ofte...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-015-0256-x
更新日期：2015-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Māori men have stark health inequities around non-communicable diseases. This study describes the case of a partnership attempting to develop and implement a culturally centred intervention through a collaborative partnership to potentially address the inequities. In particular, the partnership followed a pa...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-020-01222-3
更新日期：2020-06-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Given the persistence of Indigenous health inequities across national contexts, many countries have adopted strategies to improve the health of Indigenous peoples. Governmental recognition of the unique health needs of Indigenous populations is necessary for the development of targeted programs and policies ...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-020-1149-1
更新日期：2020-07-31 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:While in general a country's life expectancy increases with national income, some countries "punch above their weight", while some "punch below their weight" - achieving higher or lower life expectancy than would be predicted by their per capita income. Discovering which conditions or policies contribute to ...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-020-01315-z
更新日期：2020-11-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:At the beginning of 2007, health care reforms were implemented in Hungary in order to decrease public expenditure on health care. Reforms involved the increase of co-payments for pharmaceuticals and the introduction of co-payments for health care services. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this paper is to examine...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1475-9276-11-36
更新日期：2012-07-24 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hearing loss is a prevalent but neglected disease, especially in low- or middle-income countries. The role of Community Health Workers (CHWs) to deliver primary ear and hearing care has been explored in several studies from a technical standpoint, but understanding perceptions, barriers, and enablers of such...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-020-01158-8
更新日期：2020-05-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Effectively addressing the social determinants of health and health equity are critical yet still-emerging areas of public health practice. This is significant for contemporary practice as the egregious impacts of health inequities on health outcomes continue to be revealed. More public health organizations ...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-016-0419-4
更新日期：2016-08-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The strategy of health policy has been changed for improving the performances to meeting the increasing healthcare demands. However, limited evidences were found to prove that the bundled payment was valid for service delivering in public sector. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a bun...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-016-0334-8
更新日期：2016-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:A key element of the global drive to universal health coverage is ensuring access to needed health services for everyone, and to pursue this goal in an equitable way. This requires concerted efforts to reduce disparities in access through understanding and acting on barriers facing communities with the low...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12939-015-0181-z
更新日期：2015-06-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic diseases are more prevalent and occur at a much younger age in Aboriginal people in Australia compared with non-Aboriginal people. Aboriginal people also have higher rates of unplanned hospital readmissions and emergency department presentations. There is a paucity of research on the effectiveness of...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-018-0776-2
更新日期：2018-05-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Connecting knowledge with action (KWA) for health equity involves interventions that can redistribute power and resources at local, national, and global levels. Although there is ample and compelling evidence on the nature, distribution, and impact of health inequities, advancing health equity is inhibited by policy a...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12939-019-1108-x
更新日期：2019-12-26 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Our research group advanced a health insurance theory to explain Canada's cancer care advantages over America. The late Barbara Starfield theorized that Canada's greater primary care-orientation also plays a critically protective role. We tested the resultant Starfield-Gorey theory by examining the effects o...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-015-0246-z
更新日期：2015-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Evidence from low and middle income countries (LMICs) suggests that maternal mortality is more prevalent among the poor whereas access to maternal health services is concentrated among the rich. In Bangladesh substantial inequities exist both in the use of facility-based basic obstetric care and for home bir...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1475-9276-12-22
更新日期：2013-04-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:An important health issue in urban areas is how changes arising from the regeneration of city-areas affect social determinants of health and equity. This paper examines the impacts attributable to a new fish market and to delays in the regeneration of a port area in a deteriorated region of the Bay of Pasaia...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-016-0424-7
更新日期：2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：: Poverty is often identified as a major barrier to human development. It is also a powerful brake on accelerated progress toward the Millennium Development Goals. Poverty is also a major cause of maternal mortality, as it prevents many women from getting proper and adequate medical attention due to their inability to ...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1186/1475-9276-7-11
更新日期：2008-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Social marginalization and criminalization create health and safety risks for sex workers and reduce their access to health promotion and prevention services compared to the general population. Community empowerment-based interventions that prioritize the engagement of sex workers show promising results. Pee...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-017-0655-2
更新日期：2017-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Comparing the distribution of all cause or cause-specific child mortality in countries by income and its progress over time has not been rigorously monitored, and hence remains unknown. We therefore aimed to analyze child mortality disparities between countries with respect to income level and progression fo...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-019-1102-3
更新日期：2019-12-31 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Breast cancer stands as the leading cause of cancer related mortality in women worldwide. Mammography screening has the potential to improve prognosis by reducing stage at diagnosis. Socioeconomic inequalities in mammography cancer screening have been widely reported. The influence of organised programs on s...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-018-0811-3
更新日期：2018-07-03 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The global scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV patients has led to concerns regarding inequities in utilization of ART services in resource-limited contexts. In this paper, we describe regional and sex differentials in the distribution of ART among adult HIV patients in Ghana. We highlight the...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1475-9276-11-62
更新日期：2012-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies suggested that the racial differences in U.S. suicide rates are decreasing, particularly for African Americans, but the cause behind the temporal variations has yet to be determined. This study aims to investigate the long-term trends in suicide mortality in the U.S. between 1983 and 2012 an...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12939-016-0400-2
更新日期：2016-07-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Social isolation among older adults raises major issues for equity in healthcare in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. MAIN TEXT:This commentary describes current challenges in preventing social isolation among older adults and proposes pathways to develop inclusive approaches to intervention in this vul...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1186/s12939-020-01360-8
更新日期：2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The promotion of patient safety and drug safety through promotion of pharmacist's drug safety practice was among the most important aims of China's health delivery system reform, but regional inequity in pharmacist's drug safety practice was still serious in China. METHODS:The 2011 national patient safety a...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1475-9276-11-38
更新日期：2012-08-06 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Immigrants are among the most vulnerable population groups in North America; they face multidimensional hurdles to obtain proper healthcare. Such barriers result in increased risk of developing acute and chronic conditions. Subsequently a great deal of burden is placed on the healthcare system. Community n...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12939-016-0298-8
更新日期：2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The unifying theme of the papers in this series is a concern for understanding the everyday practice of governance in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) health systems. Rather than seeing governance as a normative health system goal addressed through the architecture and design of accountability and regulatory fram...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1186/s12939-017-0665-0
更新日期：2017-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The Kenya Partnership for Health (KPH) program began in 1999, and is currently one of the 12 field projects participating in the WHO's 'Towards Unity for Health initiative' implemented to develop partnership synergies in support of the Primary Health Care (PHC) approach 1. CONTENT:This paper illustrates how Pr...
journal_title：International journal for equity in health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1475-9276-4-8
更新日期：2005-06-24 00:00:00
