Abstract：
:6-Chloropicolinic acid is the sole detectable metabolite, other than carbon dioxide, arising from decomposition of 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine in soil. The pyridine compound is a potent inhibitor of nitrification now in use with ammonium fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative influence of various soil and climatic factors on rates of degradation of 6-chloropicolinic acid in soil. Experiments with a wide range of soil types (23 soils) demonstrate that the most important factor influencing the decomposition rate of 6-chloropicolinic acid is soil temperature. When temperature is not a variable, the quantity of organic matter (0.9 to 6.9% by weight) and pH (4.8 to 8.1) significantly affect the rate of decomposition, but sand, silt, and clay percentages do not. Moisture content was without apparent effect because the range of values investigated was too narrow. A fractional-order rate law (0.7) describes the disappearance rate best. Application of the Arrhenius equation to the data for the decomposition of 6-chloropicolinic acid in soil indicates an activation energy of 6.57 kcal per mole, suggesting that the chemical is biologically rather than chemically degraded. It was not possible to develop a suitably precise equation for prediction of loss rate as affected by the above soil and climatic factors because undefined biological factors in the soils override the effect of measurable properties of soil and climate.
journal_name
Arch Environ Contam Toxicoljournal_title
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicologyauthors
Meikle RW,Youngson CR,Hedlund RT,Goring CA,Addington WWdoi
10.1007/BF02220894subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-01-01 00:00:00pages
105-17issue
1eissn
0090-4341issn
1432-0703journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:An ultrastructural study was made of the renal system of freshwater clams,Anodonta cygnea, that had been exposed to cadmium chloride (50 μg Cd/L) for 12 weeks. By stereological analysis an extended lysosomal system and a decreased number of mitochondria was apparent in the epithelial cells lining the proximal compartm...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01183986
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00213097
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01055445
更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-009-9366-z
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-017-0385-x
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mercury and selenium act as mutual antagonists in mature birds, but their toxicity is additive or synergistic in avian embryos and immature birds. Twenty eggs and livers from 18 mature and 9 immature common loon carcasses found in Minnesota were collected. Livers and eggs were analyzed for mercury and selenium by atom...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002440010293
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-004-0166-1
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01055540
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
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doi：10.1007/s00244-004-2295-y
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002440010147
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-005-0064-1
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-003-0156-8
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most ubiquitous plasticizers used worldwide. However, it has negatives effects on the soil, water, atmosphere, and other environmental media and can cause serious pollution. According to the artificial soil test and previous studies, this study was conducted to evaluate the tox...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-017-0451-4
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00203801
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002440010122
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01225004
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00212802
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01160308
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-003-3087-5
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01056203
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002449900547
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-009-9359-y
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-010-9583-5
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-011-9685-8
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A large body of evidence was compiled in the recent decades showing a noteworthy increase in the detection of pharmaceutical drugs in aquatic ecosystems. Due to its ubiquitous presence, chemical nature, and practical purpose, this type of contaminant can exert toxic effects in nontarget organisms. Exposure to pharmace...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-014-0101-z
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that destroy tumor and virally infected cells. Previous studies have shown that exposure of NK cells to tributyltin (TBT) greatly diminishes their ability to destroy tumor cells (lytic function) while activating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) (p44/42, p38, and ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-010-9520-7
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aquatic insects are an important component of the food web in salt marshes, therefore it is necessary to test whether pesticides used to control mosquitoes in salt marshes are safe for nontarget insects. We tested the nontarget effects of a combined formulation (duplex) of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (B.t.i.) a...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002440010094
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
