Abstract：
:The endpoints of sedation and analgesia have been more difficult than traditional physiologic parameters to measure adequately. Several clinical scoring systems have been developed in an attempt to provide more consistent and objective assessments of sedation, but the few that have been validated are cumbersome to use in the clinical setting and cannot accurately determine subtle changes in the level of sedation. Recent developments in EEG monitoring, particularly one using bispectral (BIS) analysis of the EEG signal obtained through a noninvasive forehead "lead," are promising. BIS monitoring has been used as a reliable measure of depth of midazolam-induced sedation during general anesthesia. Anesthesiologists have used this technology to prevent awareness during paralysis. One recently completed but as yet unpublished study in the ED demonstrated a high correlation with traditional sedation scales and found the device easy to use (UNC Hospitals Department of Emergency Medicine, personal communication, 1999). It is anticipated that with BIS monitoring, in combination with titratable, short-acting agents, appropriate levels of sedation can be more easily achieved while minimizing associated complications and duration of ED stay.
journal_name
Emerg Med Clin North Amjournal_title
Emergency medicine clinics of North Americaauthors
Blackburn P,Vissers Rdoi
10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70160-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-11-01 00:00:00pages
803-27issue
4eissn
0733-8627issn
1558-0539pii
S0733-8627(05)70160-7journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The clinical spectrum of hyperthyroidism varies from asymptomatic,subclinical hyperthyroidism to the life-threatening "thyroid storm". Hyperthyroidism is a common form of thyroid disease that mimics many of the common complaints in the emergency department. The diagnosis of hyperthyroidism is often challenging due to ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2005.03.002
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More than 97% of pediatric exposures reported to the AAPCC in 2001 had either no effect or mild clinical effects. Despite the large number of exposures, only 26 of the 1074 reported fatalities occurred in children younger than age 6. These findings reflect the fact that, in contrast to adolescent or adult ingestions, ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2004.05.004
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diseases do not always show the usual or "classic" signs and symptoms in the elderly. Physiologic changes over the years of a long life seem to be responsible for impairment of regulation or function of many organ systems. Since function often is measured in clinical medicine by laboratory testing, physicians frequent...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, also known as primary HIV infection, is the initial phase of infection, spanning from inoculation to the establishment of CD4 count and viral load set points. This phase is marked by dynamic changes in viral replication and host immune responses and contains 2 import...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2010.01.002
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute iron poisoning continues to be one of the most common and deadly poisonings seen by emergency physicians. There are many potential pitfalls in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of iron-poisoned patients. This article reviews the pathophysiology of acute iron poisoning and describes a comprehensive managem...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The definition of a transient ischemic attack (TIA) has evolved over the past decade from a clinical diagnosis to a tissue-based definition based on neuroimaging results. TIA shares the same pathophysiology as stroke, which occurs in up to 5% of patients within 48 hours of the TIA and 10% within 90 days. This rate is ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2016.06.007
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pain, swelling, and limited range of motion of a joint are extremely common complaints in the emergency department. In assessing joint complaints it is helpful for the emergency physician to keep in mind the major categories of diagnostic possibilities; it is also useful to distinguish between chronic and acute proble...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism of injury, diagnosis, and treatment of maxillofacial, laryngeal, tracheal, and bronchial trauma are considered. Also discussed is pulmonary barotrauma. ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The history, effectiveness, and services of regional poison control centers are reviewed. In addition, the American Association of Poison Control Centers criteria for designation as a regional poison control center are presented. ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Results of prospective studies have shown that physicians' estimate of clinical likelihoods of PE have predictive value. The ability of clinicians to assess the factors that determine the probability of disease based on clinical manifestations such as history and signs and symptoms at presentation, and to make bedside...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70227-3
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the pearls and pitfalls of obstetric and gynecologic emergencies occurring in women presenting to the emergency department. Some pitfalls include failure to screen for ectopic pregnancy, tachycardia as an unreliable indicator of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and the use of serum hCG as a testing p...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70306-0
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:International EM development requires a comprehensive assessment of the current system and careful planning to ensure that the most important needs are addressed. Modeling a country's EM system after an existing foreign system underestimates the complex needs for instituting appropriate system interventions. Planning ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2004.09.005
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sudden cardiac death is one of the leading causes of death and a major public health problem that particularly affects the elderly. Sudden cardiac death may be a terminal event after a prolonged debilitating and painful illness, or it may occur following many years of symptoms related to a cardiac disorder; however, i...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70023-7
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Avoiding legal pitfalls of orthopedic injuries in the emergency department (ED) requires an understanding of certain high-risk injuries, their presentation, evaluation, and disposition. Various pitfalls pertaining to both upper and lower extremity injuries are discussed in detail, with recommendations regarding the hi...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2010.06.002
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pneumonia is a common disease seen in Emergency Department patients and is caused by a wide range of pathogens. The clinical and laboratory data that help to provide a specific etiologic diagnosis of the pneumonia are reviewed. In addition, current recommendations for the treatment and hospitalization of patients with...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aging process results in changes in pulmonary physiology that make the elderly population more susceptible to pulmonary disease. These physiologic changes also alter the clinical presentation of such diseases, making the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disorders particularly challenging for the clinician. It ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2006.01.002
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapid controlled induction of anesthesia is useful to facilitate emergency intubation and to reduce the complications of intubation in pediatric patients. A protocol for rapid sequence intubation and suggestions for optimizing airway management in the Emergency Department are described. The use of end tidal carbon d...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trauma is the number one killer of Americans under age 34; optimal trauma care is provided when there is a well-functioning, comprehensive system. This article reviews the development of trauma centers in the United States, recommending that the number of trauma centers be optimized so that resources and expense be ke...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2007.07.002
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A future challenge for international EM development is expanding the specialty to Africa, where it is non-existent. Another goal for international EM development is to assist in the peace process in the Middle East. There is increasing need for good EM development throughout the world. Development of international EM ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2004.09.013
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients presenting to the emergency department with certain traumatic conditions can be managed in observation units. The evidence base supporting the use of observation units to manage injured patients is smaller than the evidence base supporting the management of medical conditions in observation units. The conditi...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2017.03.010
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wound healing is a complex interchange, orchestrated between cellular components that play their respective parts signaled by and mediated by different cellular instruments of healing. When healing is performed well, the final product is a thing of beauty. When healing is delayed, interrupted, or excessive, then unsig...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2006.12.002
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The patient with severe head injury is a therapeutic challenge and demands all of the skills of the emergency medical specialist to manage traumatic injuries to the head, chest, abdomen, and limbs, as well as the specialized problems associated with respiratory care in a patient with raised ICP. The initial treatment ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transition of biphasic waveforms from ICDs to external defibrillators constitutes a significant technological advances for transthoracic defibrillation. Impedance compensation has enabled the delivery of defibrillating current adapted to each patient and each shock in the same patient. Optimally designed biphasic ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(02)00028-7
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some degree of abdominal pain is virtually physiologic in pregnancy, for which reason these women will commonly present to the emergency physician for clinical evaluation. Appendicitis is the commonest nonobstetric surgical malady complicating pregnancy; however, its clinical presentation may resemble several other su...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clearly, a multitude of potential consent problems can exist for the emergency physician. It is difficult at times to balance the concepts of patient autonomy with the desire to provide optimal medical care. Experienced emergency physicians should be able to individualize the type of consent needed in a particular sit...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article discusses clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches to acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department. ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2011.08.006
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mechanically ventilated patients can experience significant pain and anxiety associated with their care. These symptoms should be aggressively treated, but can be challenging to manage without a systematic approach. This article reviews recent literature, current guidelines, and best practices in managing pain, agitat...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2019.04.004
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness associated with inability to maintain postural tone followed by spontaneous recovery and return to baseline neurologic status. Global cerebral hypoperfusion is the final pathway common to all presentations of syncope, but this symptom presentation has a broad differ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2010.03.014
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adolescents are the victims, perpetrators, and witnesses of violent acts in the home, at school, and on the streets. Adolescent violence describes a dynamic, destructive, and repercussive process. This article discusses the unique aspects of adolescent violence and the involvement undertaken by the emergency departmen...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70084-5
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although emergency departments (ED's) vary in shape, size, and technology, similarities in responsibilities exist. The primary responsibility is to provide quality health care to the communities served. The (ED) constitutes a substantial business in any hospital. Because of changing acuity levels, patient volume, and ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0733-8627(03)00099-3
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
